Logical Reasoning

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11 papers in the last four weeks, up 175% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Emergent Ordinal Geometry in Transformers Trained on Local Comparisons
May 31, 2026Nishit SinghLogical Reasoning Neural Representation Geometry
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani India
Tackling the Root of Misinformation by Teaching Laypeople about Logical Fallacies via Socratic Questioning and Critical Argumentation
May 31, 2026Minjing Shi, Junling Wang, Jingwei Ni +2Logical Reasoning Intelligent Tutoring Systems
ETH Zurich, ETH AI Center
MAVEN: Improving Generalization in Agentic Tool Calling
May 29, 2026Omkar Ghugarkar, Vishvesh Bhat, Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin +1Logical Reasoning LLM Agent Evaluation
CoreThink AI, USA · Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Many Logics, One Methodology: A Plea for Logical Pluralism in Formalised Reasoning (preprint)
May 26, 2026Christoph Benzmüller, Daniel Kirchner, Luca PasettoLogical Reasoning Interactive Theorem Proving
Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, Kapuzinerstraße 16, 96047 Bamberg, Germany · Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195 Berlin, Germany · University of Luxembourg, P. de l’Université 2, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Reasoning Depth and Environment Complexity: A Controlled Study of RLVR Data Allocation across Logical Reasoning Tasks
May 26, 2026Yihua Zhu, Qianying Liu, Fei Cheng +4Logical Reasoning Abductive Reasoning
Kyoto University · NII LLMC · University of Tokyo +1
On the Stability and Realizability of Recurrent Polynomial Surrogate Ternary Logic Gate Networks
May 23, 2026Sai Sandeep Damera, Ryan Matheu, Aniruddh G. Puranic +2Logical Reasoning Signal Temporal Logic
University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Arrow-Type Impossibility for Genuinely Modal Judgments
May 22, 2026Yutaka Nagai, Hirotaka OnoLogical Reasoning Social Choice Theory
Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464–8601, Japan
A mathematical theory of balancing relational generalization and memorization
May 21, 2026Luke Cheng, Samuel LipplNeural Network Generalization Logical Reasoning
Center for Theoretical Neuroscience Columbia University New York, NY, 10027
Mediative Fuzzy Logic: From Type-1 Foundations to Type-2, Type-3 and Quantum Extensions
May 21, 2026Oscar Montiel RossLogical Reasoning Fuzzy Logic
Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CITEDI, AV. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1310, Tijuana, 22435, Baja California, México
The Impact of AI Usage and Informativeness on Skill Development in Logical Reasoning
May 20, 2026Shang Wu, Hongyu Yao, Catarina Belem +3Logical Reasoning AI in Education
University of California, Irvine · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tracing the ongoing emergence of human-like reasoning in Large Language Models
May 20, 2026Paolo Morosi, Nikoleta Pantelidou, Fritz Günther +2Logical Reasoning Pragmatic Reasoning in Language Models
Departament de Filologia Catalana, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain. · Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany. · Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
On the Complexity of Entailment for Cumulative Propositional Dependence Logics
May 20, 2026Kai Sauerwald, Juha Kontinen, Arne MeierLogical Reasoning Nonmonotonic Reasoning
FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany · University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland · Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Sutra: Tensor-Op RNNs as a Compilation Target for Vector Symbolic Architectures
May 20, 2026Emma LeonhartLogical Reasoning Differentiable Programming
High Quality Embeddings for Horn Logic Reasoning
May 19, 2026Yifan Zhang, Yasir White, Dean Clark +4Logical Reasoning Metric Learning
Lehigh University, Computer Science and Engineering, 113 Research Dr., Bethlehem, PA, 18015 · Los Angeles Pierce College, Computer Science, 6201 Winnetka Ave, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 · Colorado College, Computer Science, 14 E Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903
LLMEval-Logic: A Solver-Verified Chinese Benchmark for Logical Reasoning of LLMs with Adversarial Hardening
May 19, 2026Ming Zhang, Qiyuan Peng, Yinxi Wei +13Logical Reasoning LLM Evaluation
Institute of Trustworthy Embodied Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University · 2Hunyuan Team, Tencent · School of Philosophy, Fudan University
Expressive Power of Deep Homomorphism Networks over Relational Databases
May 18, 2026Moritz Schönherr, Balder ten Cate, Maurice Funk +3Logical Reasoning Graph Neural Networks
Leipzig University · University of Amsterdam · Technion & RelationalAI
Orthologic for SAT Solving
May 14, 2026Vladislas de Haldat, Simon Guilloud, Viktor KunčakLogical Reasoning Automated Theorem Proving
1EPFL
Derivation Prompting: A Logic-Based Method for Improving Retrieval-Augmented Generation
May 13, 2026Ignacio Sastre, Guillermo Moncecchi, Aiala RosáLogical Reasoning Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Instituto de Computación, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay
A Horn extension of DL-Lite with NL data complexity
May 13, 2026Janos Arpasi, Bartosz Jan Bednarczyk, Magdalena OrtizLogical Reasoning Description Logic
Institute of Logic and Computation, TU Wien · Computer Science Department, University of Wrocław
On the Size Complexity and Decidability of First-Order Progression
May 12, 2026Jens Classen, Daxin LiuLogical Reasoning
Department of People and Technology, Roskilde University, Denmark · State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China
DiagnosticIQ: A Benchmark for LLM-Based Industrial Maintenance Action Recommendation from Symbolic Rules
May 9, 2026Devin Yasith De Silva, Dhaval Patel, Christodoulos Constantinides +7Logical Reasoning LLM Evaluation
2Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute · 1IBM · 3Independent Contributor
RuleSafe-VL: Evaluating Rule-Conditioned Decision Reasoning in Vision-Language Content Moderation
May 8, 2026Zhifeng Lu, Dianyuan Wang, Yuhu Shang +1VLM Evaluation Logical Reasoning
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
Bounded Fitting for Expressive Description Logics
May 8, 2026Maurice Funk, Jean Christoph Jung, Tom VoellmerLogical Reasoning Ontology Learning
1Leipzig University and ScaDS.AI Center Dresden/Leipzig · 2TU Dortmund University · Center for Trustworthy Data Science and Security, University Alliance Ruhr
From 0-Order Selection to 2-Order Judgment: Combinatorial Hardening Exposes Compositional Failures in Frontier LLMs
May 8, 2026Hanmeng Liu, Shichao Weng, Xiulai Liu +3Logical Reasoning LLM Evaluation
Hainan University, Haikou, China · Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Neurosymbolic Framework for Concept-Driven Logical Reasoning in Skeleton-Based Human Action Recognition
May 8, 2026Talha Ilyas, Deval Mehta, Zongyuan GeSkeleton-Based Action Recognition Logical Reasoning
Department of ECSE, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Australia · Department of DSAI, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia · AIM for Health Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia
Can RL Teach Long-Horizon Reasoning to LLMs? Expressiveness Is Key
May 7, 2026Tianle Wang, Zhaoyang Wang, Guangchen Lan +4Logical Reasoning RL for Language Model Reasoning
Purdue University · UNC Chapel Hill · Georgia Tech +1
Hypothesis generation and updating in large language models
May 7, 2026Hua-Dong XiongLogical Reasoning Bayesian Inference
School of Psychological and Brain Sciences Georgia Tech
UFAL-CUNI at SemEval-2026 Task 11: An Efficient Modular Neuro-symbolic Method for Syllogistic Reasoning
May 6, 2026Ivan Kartáč, Kristýna Onderková, Jan Bronec +3Logical Reasoning Symbolic Reasoning
Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University
The Scaling Properties of Implicit Deductive Reasoning in Transformers
May 5, 2026Enrico Vompa, Tanel TammetLogical Reasoning CoT Reasoning
Applied Artificial Intelligence Group Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
Efficient Temporal Datalog Materialisation for Composite Event Recognition
May 4, 2026Periklis MantenoglouLogical Reasoning Temporal Reasoning
Örebro University, Sweden

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Emergent Ordinal Geometry in Transformers Trained on Local Comparisons

Nishit Singh

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani India

Logical Reasoning Neural Representation Geometry Transformer OOD Generalization Relational Reasoning

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Transitive inference is the challenge of inferring that A < C from knowing only adjacent relations (A < B, B < C). It is solved by humans and animals not through logical chaining but via an analogue mental number line, whose signature is the symbolic distance effect: distant comparisons are easier than nearby ones. We ask whether Transformers acquire the same primitive, training small models exclusively on adjacent comparisons from a hidden total order and evaluating generalization to unseen distant pairs. We find that out-of-distribution generalization emerges alongside a striking geometric reorganization: entity embeddings collapse onto a one-dimensional manifold whose principal axis recovers the hidden rank order with near-perfect fidelity, and this structure is sensitive to optimization in ways that produce grokking-like transient dynamics. Critically, even when accuracy is at ceiling, decision confidence and geometric separation both scale monotonically with rank distance, directly mirroring the symbolic distance effect observed across decades of behavioural experiments on humans, primates, and rodents. We further show the same rank-aligned geometry in a pretrained large language model, where it tracks the topology of each ordinal relation: linear for sizes and digits, cyclic for months. These results ground a 50-year-old behavioural regularity in the geometry of learned representations, offering a mechanistic account of transitive inference that bridges cognitive science and modern neural networks.

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