Medical Reasoning

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2 papers in the last four weeks, against 1 the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

Jul 13Week of Sep 28

Latest papers 19

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From Given to Gathered Evidence: Agentic Learning for Longitudinal Medical Reasoning
Sep 30, 2026Minye Shao, Chaohui Yu, Yixuan Wu +3AI Agent Benchmarks Medical VLMs
Durham University · DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group · Hupan Laboratory +1
Fathom-Vaidya: Advancing Medical Reasoning with Rubric-Based Rewards
Sep 21, 2026Kalash Shah, Kunal Singh, Snehan J +1RL for Language Model Reasoning Rubric-Based RL
Fractal AI Research
MedAgent-R1: Faithfulness-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Evidence-Grounded Medical Reasoning
Aug 31, 2026Jiangwang Chen, Chenghao Zhang, Hengxing CaiLLM Hallucination Mitigation Evidence-Grounded Reasoning
Tsinghua University · DP Technology
Evaluating Counterfactual Sensitivity to Patient Information in Medication-Safety Reasoning
Aug 4, 2026Zhitian Hou, Yuhang Liu, Pengkai Wang +8Counterfactual Evaluation Healthcare
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Sun Yat-sen University
MedJudgeRAG: Option-Wise Evidence Judgment with Dynamic Knowledge Graphs for Medical MCQA
Jul 24, 2026Seongwon Seo, Seung Hwan Cho, Young-Min KimGraph Retrieval-Augmented Generation Medical QA
Department of Industrial Data Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea · School of Interdisciplinary Industrial Studies, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
Towards Enhancing 3D Spatial Reasoning in Medical Multimodal Large Language Models
Jul 15, 2026Zhuoyuan Fu, Zeshang Li, Yiqiong Zhang +53D Spatial Reasoning 3D Medical Imaging
University of International Relations, Beijing, China · University of Trento, Trento, Italy
FaithMed: Training LLMs For Faithful Evidence-Based Medical Reasoning
Jul 1, 2026Zhiyun Zhang, Liwen Sun, Xiang Qian +1RL for Language Model Reasoning Process Supervision
Carnegie Mellon University · Stanford University School of Medicine · Xlue
DEEPMED Search: An Open-Source Agentic Platform for Medical Deep Research with Introspective Verification
Jun 29, 2026Maolin Liu, Fanyu Xu, Ruoqing Xu +3LLM Answer Verification Agentic Search
School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shanghai University · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Better Accuracies, Worse Reasoning: A Step-Level Audit of Medical Chain-of-Thought Distillation
May 27, 2026Zhaoyang Jiang, Xuanqi Peng, Fei Teng +5CoT Distillation CoT Evaluation
School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK · Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China · School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China +1
HiMed: Incentivizing Hindi Reasoning in Medical LLMs
May 23, 2026Dingfeng Jiang, Han Yan, Chenze Ma +12Multilingual Language Models Healthcare
1The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · 2Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi · 3Tongji University +4
When Cases Get Rare: A Retrieval Benchmark for Off-Guideline Clinical Question Answering
May 20, 2026Doeun Lee, Muge Zhang, Yi Yu +11LLM Grounding Healthcare
The Ohio State University · The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center · University of Chicago Medical Center
MedExpMem: Adapting Experience Memory for Differential Diagnosis
May 20, 2026Qianhan Feng, Zhongzhen Huang, Yakun Zhu +4Radiology VLMs Healthcare
The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Shanghai Innovation Institue
Reasoning Before Diagnosis: Physician-Inspired Structured Thinking for ECG Classification
May 17, 2026Yang Wu, Xiaoyan Yuan, Hau-San Wong +1RL for Language Model Reasoning Electrocardiogram Classification
1City University of Hong Kong · 2Beijing Institute of Technology · 3Shenzhen MSU-BIT University
SEMA-RAG: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Reasoning
May 16, 2026Yongfeng Huang, Ruiying Chen, James ChengRetrieval-Augmented Generation Healthcare
CSE, The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Wuhan University of Technology
MedPRMBench: A Fine-grained Benchmark for Process Reward Models in Medical Reasoning
Apr 19, 2026Lingyan Wu, Xiang Zheng, Weiqi Zhai +5Healthcare Process Reward Models
Alibaba Group China
An evidence-guided reinforcement learning method to improve psychiatric reasoning in small language models
Feb 6, 2026Xinxin Lin, Guangxin Dai, Yi Zhong +25Healthcare Mental Health
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China · Shandong University, Jinan, China · Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China +6
M3CoTBench: Benchmark Chain-of-Thought of MLLMs in Medical Image Understanding
Jan 13, 2026Juntao Jiang, Jiangning Zhang, Yali Bi +7Medical VLMs Multimodal CoT Reasoning
1Zhejiang University · University of Science and Technology of China · 3East China Normal University +2
EpiQAL: Benchmarking Large Language Models in Epidemiological Question Answering and Reasoning
Jan 6, 2026Mingyang Wei, Dehai Min, Zewen Liu +8LLM Evaluation Healthcare
1Emory University · University of Illinois Chicago · 3Microsoft
Multilingual Medical Reasoning for Question Answering with Large Language Models
Dec 5, 2025Pietro Ferrazzi, Aitor Soroa, Rodrigo AgerriKnowledge Augmentation for Language Models Healthcare
Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy · HiTZ Center - Ixa, University of the Basque Country EHU, Spain

Sep 30, 2026, cs.CVJ/K move · Enter open · S save

From Given to Gathered Evidence: Agentic Learning for Longitudinal Medical Reasoning

Minye Shao, Chaohui Yu, Yixuan Wu, Fan Wang+2

Durham University · DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group · Hupan Laboratory+1

AI Agent Benchmarks Medical VLMs Medical Reasoning RL for LLM Agents

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Foundation models can serve as clinical agents through tool-use harnesses. However, conventional medical benchmarks assess reasoning over preselected evidence rather than the ability to seek it across clinical records and longitudinal imaging. We propose CASE: a series of role-specific Clinical Agents for Seeking Evidence, together with a tool-use harness and an agentic post-training framework for compact vision-language policy models. We further introduce a longitudinal multimodal benchmark built on UK Biobank, comprising 50,401 clinical questions derived from real-world ICD-10-coded diagnoses of 4,739 participants. Each question links to a patient-specific environment containing clinical context and multi-sequence MRI from baseline and follow-up visits, where agents autonomously select which visits, organs, modalities, slices, and specialist tools to inspect and compare. Supervised fine-tuning transfers evidence-seeking workflows from 14,734 frontier-model interaction trajectories, followed by agentic reinforcement learning on the learner's own environment interactions. Privileged on-policy self-distillation and rubric-based LLM feedback refine evidence-to-conclusion reasoning without prescribing tool sequences. Experiments show that CASE moves beyond question-answer imitation toward transferable investigation policies, strengthening evidence-grounded longitudinal reasoning. Under matched evaluation conditions, our Qwen3-VL-8B based agent achieves over 16% and 10% relative improvements in answer accuracy over GPT-5.4 and Claude Opus 4.8. Code will be available at https://github.com/VinyehShaw/CASE.

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Latest papers 19