Multi-Agent Consensus

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Multi-agent consensus studies how autonomous systems influence one another to agree on beliefs, decisions, estimates, or coordinated actions. Methods range from graph-based consensus protocols and distributed control to voting, debate, confidence weighting, evidence checking, and adaptive communication. Applications include robot teams, distributed sensing, and groups of language models that deliberate or verify answers. A central tension is that agreement can speed coordination but does not guarantee correctness: shared errors, conformity, adversarial agents, and network structure can all make consensus unreliable.

Latest papers

126 papers20 papers in the last four weeks, level with the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

Graph-theoretic Agreement Framework for Multi-agent LLM Systems
Feb 23, 2026Muhammad Umar JavedMulti-Agent LLM Systems Multi-Agent Consensus
Auditing Multi-Agent LLM Reasoning Trees Outperforms Majority Vote and LLM-as-Judge
Feb 10, 2026Wei Yang, Shixuan Li, Heng Ping +3LLM Auditing Preference Optimization
University of Southern California
Generating consensus and dissent on massive discussion platforms with a semantic-vector model
Jan 20, 2026A. Ferrer, D. Muñoz-Jordán, A. Rivero +3Opinion Dynamics Computational Social Science
Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain · Kampal Data Solutions, WTCZ, Avda. Maria Zambrano 31, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain · Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain +2
The price of uncertainty for social consensus
Aug 24, 2025Yunzhe Bai, Alec SunOpinion Dynamics Multi-Agent Consensus
LLM-Flock: LLM-Driven Decentralized Multi-Robot Flocking via Influence-Based Consensus with Collision Avoidance
May 10, 2025Peihan Li, Lifeng ZhouMulti-Robot Formation Control Swarm Robotics
Drexel University, United States
Evolution of Descriptors in Open Multi-Agent Systems for Gossip Interactions and Beyond
Sep 7, 2020Charles Monnoyer de Galland, Samuel Martin, Balázs Gerencsér +1Multi-Agent Systems Multi-Agent Consensus
ICTEAM institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium · Université de Lorraine and CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, 2 Avenue de la Forêt et de Haye, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

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Graph-theoretic Agreement Framework for Multi-agent LLM Systems

Muhammad Umar Javed

Multi-Agent LLM Systems Multi-Agent Consensus Multi-Agent System Security Opinion Dynamics

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The shift from monolithic LLMs to distributed multi-agent architectures demands new frameworks for verifying and securing autonomous coordination. Unlike traditional multi-agent systems focused on cooperative state alignment, modern LLM patterns: multi-agent debate, constitutional oversight, helper-critic loops-rely on adversarial critique for error correction and reasoning refinement. Since LLMs are dynamical systems whose latent states are imperfectly observable from verbalized outputs, securing these networks requires understanding both macroscopic topology and microscopic agent observability. This paper establishes a rigorous graph-theoretic framework for analyzing consensus in signed, directed interaction networks, bridging graph theory and LLM reasoning by formally mapping Transformer cross-entropy log-odds to the signed Laplacian. We characterize agreement stability through structural balance theory, showing how unbalanced critique cycles produce logical frustration and persistent reasoning oscillations, and prove that unobservable latent states from hidden system prompts act as topological Trojan horses that destabilize cooperative consensus. To resolve unobservable deadlocks, we restrict interaction topologies to chordal graphs and apply matrix decomposition with Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, proving that rank-one spectral edge perturbations deterministically break expertise symmetry by shifting eigenvalues into the stable left-half plane. Core contributions include consensus theorems, polynomial-time Perfect Elimination Ordering verification algorithms, and large-scale empirical validation on clustered ensembles of LLaMA-3, Mistral, and Gemma agents.

Latest papers

Graph-theoretic Agreement Framework for Multi-agent LLM Systems

Auditing Multi-Agent LLM Reasoning Trees Outperforms Majority Vote and LLM-as-Judge

Generating consensus and dissent on massive discussion platforms with a semantic-vector model

The price of uncertainty for social consensus

LLM-Flock: LLM-Driven Decentralized Multi-Robot Flocking via Influence-Based Consensus with Collision Avoidance

Evolution of Descriptors in Open Multi-Agent Systems for Gossip Interactions and Beyond