Multi-Label Classification

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Overview

Multi-label classification predicts a set of labels for each example, useful when images, documents, or clinical records can have several valid categories at once. Common approaches include independent binary classifiers, classifier chains, and neural models that capture label relationships with attention, graphs, or hierarchies; large label spaces also use retrieval and generative methods. Work addresses long-tailed labels, incomplete or noisy annotations, and changing domains through reweighting, augmentation, semi-supervised learning, and test-time adaptation. A central tension is that better aggregate scores do not guarantee reliable rare-label predictions: thresholds, calibration, uncertainty, and evaluation under distribution shift remain important challenges.

Latest papers

CardsList

137 papers15 papers in the last four weeks, down 12% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. RAPT: Retrieval-Augmented Post-hoc Thresholding for Multi-Label Classification

    May 15, 2026Lasal Jayawardena, Nirmalie Wiratunga, Ikechukwu Nkisi-Orji +1Document UnderstandingMulti-Label Classification

    Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom · William Nicol (Aberdeen) Limited, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

  2. MultiEmo-Bench: Multi-label Visual Emotion Analysis for Multi-modal Large Language Models

    May 14, 2026Tianwei Chen, Takuya Furusawa, Yuki Hirakawa +3Multi-Label ClassificationMultimodal Large Language Models

    ZOZO NEXT Inc.

  3. Hybrid Quantum-MambaVision: A Quantum-enhanced State Space Model for Calibrated Mixed-type Wafer Defect Detection

    May 13, 2026Satwik Sai Prakash Sahoo, Jyoti Prakash Sahoo, Ting Wang +1Multi-Label ClassificationHybrid Quantum-Classical ML

    Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar, India · National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan · East China Normal University, Shanghai, China +1

  4. MLGIB: Multi-Label Graph Information Bottleneck for Expressive and Robust Message Passing

    May 13, 2026Chaokai Wu, Haofu Shi, Ningxuan Ma +2Multi-Label ClassificationGraph Neural Networks

  5. D2ACE: Multi-Label Batch Selection Guided by Dual Dynamics and Adaptive Correlation Enhancement

    May 10, 2026Bin Liu, Haoyu Peng, Zhijia Wei +2Multi-Label ClassificationAdaptive Sampling

    Key Laboratory of DECV, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China · School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications · School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

  6. On the Spectral Structure and Objective Equivalence of Orthogonal Multilabel Fisher Discriminants

    May 5, 2026Brian Keith-Norambuena, Juan Bekios-CalfaMulti-Label ClassificationStatistical Learning Theory

    Department of Computing & Systems Engineering, Universidad Cat´olica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.

  7. Coherent Hierarchical Multi-Label Learning to Defer for Medical Imaging

    May 4, 2026Joshua Strong, Pramit Saha, Emma Sun +2Hierarchical ClassificationMulti-Label Classification

    Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK · Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, UK

  8. Improving Imbalanced Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Diagnosis via CBAM-Enhanced CNN Backbones

    May 4, 2026Duy Nguyen Huu, Duy Hoang Khuong, Ngu Huynh Cong VietClass-Imbalanced LearningChest X-Ray Classification

    Department of Artificial Intelligence FPT University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam · Department of Computing Fundamental FPT University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

  9. How Label Imbalance Shapes Geometry: A General Spectral Analysis of Multi-Label Neural Collapse

    May 3, 2026Xiaoxuan Ma, Yixuan Yang, Song Li +1Class-Imbalanced LearningMulti-Label Classification

    Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

  10. Rethinking Multi-Label Node Classification: Do Tuned Classic GNNs Suffice?

    May 2, 2026Yuxuan Xiao, Shengzhong ZhangMulti-Label ClassificationGraph Neural Networks

    Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

  11. FedHarmony: Harmonizing Heterogeneous Label Correlations in Federated Multi-Label Learning

    Apr 30, 2026Zhiqiang Kou, Junxiang Wu, Wenke Huang +8Multi-Label ClassificationFederated Learning

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China · Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, China · Wuhan University, China +3

  12. FOCAL-Attention for Heterogeneous Multi-Label Prediction

    Apr 21, 2026Chenghao Zhang, Qingqing Long, Ludi Wang +3Graph Attention NetworksMulti-Label Classification

    Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

  13. MADE: A Living Benchmark for Multi-Label Text Classification with Uncertainty Quantification of Medical Device Adverse Events

    Apr 16, 2026Raunak Agarwal, Markus Wenzel, Simon Baur +3Multi-Label ClassificationHealthcare

    Department of Artificial Intelligence Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin, 10587, Germany

  14. Multilingual Multi-Label Emotion Classification at Scale with Synthetic Data

    Apr 14, 2026Vadim BorisovEmotion RecognitionMultilingual Text Classification

  15. Bringing Clustering to MLL: Weakly-Supervised Clustering for Partial Multi-Label Learning

    Apr 10, 2026Yu Chen, Weijun Lv, Yue Huang +2Multi-Label ClassificationLearning with Noisy Labels

    School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology

  16. Feature-Label Modal Alignment for Robust Partial Multi-Label Learning

    Apr 10, 2026Yu Chen, Weijun Lv, Yue Huang +4Multi-Label ClassificationLearning with Noisy Labels

    School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China · Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Visual Object Detection and Recognition, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

  17. Multi-Label Phase Diagram Prediction in Complex Alloys via Physics-Informed Graph Attention Networks

    Apr 9, 2026Eunjeong Park, Amrita BasakComputational Materials SciencePhysics-Informed GNNs

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

  18. Incomplete Multi-View Multi-Label Classification via Shared Codebook and Fused-Teacher Self-Distillation

    Apr 5, 2026Xu Yan, Jun Yin, Shiliang Sun +1Multi-Label ClassificationMulti-View Learning

    College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University · School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

  19. AstroConcepts: A Large-Scale Multi-Label Classification Corpus for Astrophysics

    Apr 2, 2026Atilla Kaan Alkan, Felix Grezes, Sergi Blanco-Cuaresma +5AstrophysicsMulti-Label Classification

    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA · Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland

  20. MAPLE: Multi-Path Adaptive Propagation with Level-Aware Embeddings for Hierarchical Multi-Label Image Classification

    Mar 31, 2026Boshko Koloski, Marjan Stoimchev, Jurica Levatić +2Hierarchical ClassificationMulti-Label Classification

    Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia · Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia

  21. Known Intents, New Combinations: Clause-Factorized Decoding for Compositional Multi-Intent Detection

    Mar 30, 2026Abhilash NandyIntent ClassificationCompositional Generalization

    Microsoft Research India

  22. Structural Stress and Learned Helplessness in Afghanistan: A Multi-Layer Analysis of the AFSTRESS Dari Corpus

    Mar 28, 2026Jawid Ahmad Baktash, Mursal Dawodi, Nadira AhmadiAffective ComputingMulti-Label Classification

    Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany · Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt (THWS), Germany

  23. Semi-Supervised Learning with Balanced Deep Representation Distributions

    Mar 22, 2026Changchun Li, Ximing Li, Bingjie Zhang +2Semi-Supervised LearningSelf-Training

    College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China · Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China · Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA

  24. ResNet-50 with Class Reweighting and Anatomy-Guided Temporal Decoding for Gastrointestinal Video Analysis

    Mar 18, 2026Romil Imtiaz, Dimitris K. IakovidisTemporal Video UnderstandingMulti-Label Classification

    Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Papasiopoulou 2–4, Lamia 35131, Greece

  25. RARE disease detection from Capsule Endoscopic Videos based on Vision Transformers

    Mar 16, 2026X. Gao, C. Chien, G. Liu +1EndoscopyMulti-Label Classification

    Department of Computer Science, Middlesex University, London, UK

  26. Exploring label correlations using decision templates for ensemble of classifier chains

    Mar 13, 2026Victor F. Rocha, Alexandre L. Rodrigues, Thiago Oliveira-Santos +1Multi-Label ClassificationEnsemble Learning

    Department of Statistics, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil

  27. HMS-BERT: Hybrid Multi-Task Self-Training for Multilingual and Multi-Label Cyberbullying Detection

    Mar 13, 2026Zixin Feng, Xinying Cui, Yifan Sun +5Multi-Label ClassificationMulti-Task Learning

    School of AI and Advanced Computing, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China

  28. A Multi-Label Temporal Convolutional Framework for Transcription Factor Binding Characterization

    Mar 12, 2026Pietro Demurtas, Ferdinando Zanchetta, Giovanni Perini +1Multi-Label Classification

  29. HELM: Hierarchical and Explicit Label Modeling with Graph Learning for Multi-Label Image Classification

    Mar 12, 2026Marjan Stoimchev, Boshko Koloski, Jurica Levatić +2Multi-Label ClassificationRemote Sensing Image Understanding

    Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia · Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia

  30. An Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMTC) Library Dataset: What if we took "Use of Practical AI in Digital Libraries" seriously?

    Mar 11, 2026Jennifer D'Souza, Sameer Sadruddin, Maximilian Kähler +5Library and Information ScienceMulti-Label Classification

    TIB Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Germany · Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Germany · University of Udine, Italy +1