Overview

On-policy distillation studies how to transfer a teacher’s capabilities by training a student on trajectories the student generates, rather than only on fixed teacher-written examples. Common approaches match teacher and student token distributions with KL-style objectives, often combining this dense feedback with verifier rewards, reinforcement learning, or feedback from successful peer attempts. Work spans language-model reasoning and tool-using agents as well as multimodal, speech, diffusion, and embodied models; methods increasingly select useful tokens, turns, or rollout lengths to reduce compute. A central tension is that student-generated states can make supervision more relevant, but teacher signals may be unreliable or mismatched, and repeated rollouts can be costly or destabilize training. 4 sentences total.

Latest papers

CardsList

511 papers178 papers in the last four weeks, up 141% on the four weeks before. 1.0% of all new papers.

  1. MemOPD: On-Policy Distillation through Memory State Alignment for Long-Horizon Agents

    Aug 7, 2026Zhiyuan Liu, Tinghong Ye, Chenghao Liu +2On-Policy DistillationMemory-Augmented Agents

  2. FlowErase-OPD: Multi-Concept Erasure via Anchored On-Policy Distillation in Flow Matching Models

    Aug 7, 2026Yi Sun, Yimin Zhou, Xinhao Zhong +3Flow MatchingDiffusion Model Unlearning

  3. Simple-OPD: Demystifying Warm-up for On-policy Distillation

    Aug 7, 2026Tao Liu, Taiqiang Wu, Mao Zheng +5CoT DistillationOn-Policy Distillation

  4. DASH: Divergence-Adaptive Supervision Horizons for On-Policy Self-Distillation of Reasoning Models

    Aug 6, 2026ZhiYan Hou, Xinyu Tang, Hongyan An +9On-Policy Self-DistillationRL for Language Model Reasoning

  5. STEP-OPD: Rethinking Output Targets and Internal Dynamics in On-Policy Distillation for Diffusion Models

    Aug 5, 2026Qingyan Wei, Guangzhao Li, Xiaobing Tu +5Diffusion Model DistillationDiffusion-Based Image Generation

  6. Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Observation-Calibrated Self-Distillation

    Aug 5, 2026Yi Yang, Cong Qin, Xiaodan Liu +8Agentic RLOn-Policy Distillation

  7. SPOT: Sparse Probing and Outcome Calibration for On-Policy Distillation

    Aug 5, 2026Zikun Qu, Min Zhang, Mingze Kong +4Language Model DistillationOn-Policy Distillation

  8. Poly-OPD: Heterogeneous Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation for Capability-Selectable Flow Models

    Aug 5, 2026Siming Fu, Haojun Xu, Ruizhe He +9Diffusion Model DistillationMulti-Teacher Knowledge Distillation

  9. When Teachers Mislead: Spurious-Signal-Aware On-Policy Distillation

    Aug 4, 2026Yinuo Jiang, Yongjie Ye, Zhou Tao +4VLM DistillationLanguage Model Distillation

  10. Language-Specialized Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation for Multilingual LLM-Based ASR

    Aug 4, 2026Yuan Xie, Jiaqi Song, Xianliang Wang +3Multilingual Language ModelsMulti-Teacher Knowledge Distillation

  11. Cross-Domain Hybrid OPD for Generalizable Search Agents

    Aug 3, 2026Hongzhan Chen, Xiaoyu Liu, Dengming Zhang +11Cross-Domain GeneralizationOn-Policy Distillation

  12. Look Ahead Before You Distill: Future Trajectory Validation of Teacher Guidance for Agentic On-Policy Distillation

    Aug 3, 2026Chishui Chen, Yaoyou Fan, Te Sun +11LLM Agent TrainingOn-Policy Distillation

  13. PCSD: Persistent Consistency for Self-Distillation in Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Aug 3, 2026Chunji Lv, Yangguang Wei, Junlin Liu +6Language Model DistillationOn-Policy Distillation

  14. Distill What the Student Can See: Fisher-Projected On-Policy Distillation for Vision-Language Models

    Aug 2, 2026Leyan Xue, Feng Xiong, Mingjun Ma +1VLM DistillationOn-Policy Distillation

  15. Distill Where You Fail: Recovering Learning Signals of Negative RL-Groups from Adaptive Teacher Guidance

    Aug 1, 2026Zhuowen Han, Jinwei Xiao, Zhengxi Lu +9Self-Training for Language ModelsRL for Language Model Reasoning

  16. Adaptive FastOPD: Progress-Aware Rollout Horizon Expansion for Efficient On-Policy Distillation

    Jul 31, 2026Qian Tan, Huaifei Liang, Xuanyu Zhu +2Language Model DistillationOn-Policy Distillation

  17. SAF-OPD: Stable Advantage Fusion for On-Policy Distillation

    Jul 31, 2026Yifan Ding, Xincheng Wei, Yoshua Y. Li +7RL for Language Model ReasoningReinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

  18. DASH-OPD: Discrepancy-Aware Switching with Hysteresis for On-Policy Distillation

    Jul 31, 2026Yuchen Xia, Qianguo Sun, Chao Song +3On-Policy DistillationTeacher-Student Learning

  19. VAD: Attributing Visual Evidence for Target Reconstruction in Multimodal On-Policy Distillation

    Jul 30, 2026Kangning Zhang, Yixing Li, Shuai Shao +9Feature AttributionVLM Distillation