Position Bias

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5 papers in the last four weeks, against 2 the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. A Shared Taste for Model-Written Text: The Generator-by-Selector Matrices of "AI-AI Bias" Show No Detectable Own-Model Premium

    Sep 30, 2026Dmitrij ŻatuchinLarge Language Model BiasHuman-Written Text

    Department of Information Technologies, Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences (EUAS), Tallinn, Estonia. · Rankfor.AI, Wroc law, Poland; Tallinn, Estonia.

  2. More Choices, Fewer Decisions: Ordinal-Scale Bias in JEV-like Direct-Decision Models

    Sep 30, 2026Tianxiang Gao, Jinzhe Li, Zhiyuan Li +2Position BiasOrder Matters

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University · College of Software, Jilin University · International Center of Future Science, Jilin University +1

  3. Pair Difficulty Matters: Rethinking Pairwise LLM-as-a-Judge Evaluation and Consistency

    Sep 29, 2026Bruno Brocai, Maria BeckerLarge Language Model JudgesLlm-As-A-Judge

    Heidelberg University German Department

  4. Unlocking the Critic: Reward-Free Policy Optimization for LLM Post-Training

    Sep 29, 2026Hongyang Li, Xiao Li, Caesar Wu +3Critic-Free Reinforcement LearningReward-Only Policy Optimization Variants

    University of Luxembourg · Seafill Open-Source Community · Université Paris-Saclay

  5. Recommendation Ranking Off-Policy Evaluation under Ranking-Dependent Examination via Examination-Relevance Decomposition

    Sep 28, 2026Riki Okamura, Toshiharu SugawaraPolicy EvaluationRanking

    Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

  6. Bias-Induced Crossover in Absolute Capacity of Dense Associative Memory

    Sep 15, 2026Yuto Sakurai, Takeaki Shimokawa, Kazunori Iwata +1Dense Associative MemoryHopfield Networks

    Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ohtsuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan · RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project and The University of Tokyo

  7. A Unified Per-Token Gating Family for On-Policy Distillation: FKL/RKL Mixing with Multi-Channel and Bias Coefficients

    Sep 12, 2026Suwan Wu, Yumeng Lin, Pengcheng Yuan +1Token-Level UncertaintyPosition Bias

    Xiaohongshu Inc. · Tianjin University

  8. Breaking the Central Bias: Spatially Partitioned Experts for Coordinate-Based Neuroevolution

    Sep 10, 2026Romain Claret, Arthur Gygax, Michael O'Neill +3NeuroevolutionMnist

    University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland · University College Dublin, Ireland

  9. GazeFS: Target-Centered Gaze-Trajectory Forecasting and Stabilization from Gaze-Head History

    Sep 3, 2026Yaozheng Xia, Zaiping Zhu, Bo Pang +4Gaze Target EstimationStabilization

    School of Information Science and Technology, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Forestry University · School of Digital Art, Nanjing University of the Arts · School of Computer Science, Peking University +1

  10. Pooling and Drift in Delayed Bandits

    Sep 1, 2026Melika BaghiStochastic Multi-Armed BanditsMinimax

    Georgia Institute of Technology

  11. Does Rank Still Matter? Position Bias When AI Agents Shop on Our Behalf

    Aug 24, 2026Davood Wadi, Yu MaAgentic CommerceAgentic Search

  12. Are LLMs Positionally Consistent Ordinal Classifiers? A Systematic Evaluation

    Aug 9, 2026Yu Wang, Zhe Zhou, Menglin Liu +1Position BiasOrder Matters

    Cornell University · University of Washington · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen +1

  13. On the Impossibility of Unbiased and Length-Invariant Policy Optimization with Outcome Rewards

    Jul 25, 2026Fei Ding, Yongkang Zhang, Yuhao Liao +2Policy GradientFrictive Policy Optimization

    Alibaba Group · Tsinghua University

  14. Position Bias is Hidden Behind Ceiling Effects: A Permutation Diagnostic for LLM Benchmarks

    Jul 23, 2026Hiroki TambaPosition BiasLarge Language Model Evaluation

    Independent researcher.

  15. Relative Positions Generalize, Absolute Positions Memorize: An Implicit-Bias Account of Length Generalization in Attention

    Jul 21, 2026Subham Singh, Ashutosh Mishra, Subha RautPositional EncodingRelative Position

    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University · Independent Researcher

  16. Accuracy and Normalized Accuracy under Length Bias: Analysis, Guidelines, and a Bayesian Alternative

    Jul 14, 2026Koen OostermeijerPosition BiasMultimodal Evaluation

    Aleph Alpha Research

  17. When the Judge Changes, So Does the Measurement: Auditing LLM-as-Judge Reliability

    Jul 9, 2026Zongyou Yang, Yinghan Hou, Xiaokun YangLlm-As-A-JudgeJudges

    Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London London, United Kingdom · Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London London, United Kingdom

  18. LBR: Towards Mitigating Length Bias in Large Language Models for Recommendation

    Jul 5, 2026Hongchen Li, Bohao Wang, Jingbang Chen +5RecommendationLarge Language Model Bias

    State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University. · College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University. · Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China +3

  19. Ask the Right Comparison:Bias-Aware Bayesian Active Top-kk Ranking with LLM Judges

    Jul 2, 2026Jian Xu, Delu Zeng, John Paisley +1Large Language Model JudgesPosition Bias

    RIKEN iTHEMS · RIKEN AIP · South China University of Technology +1

  20. Position Bias Correction is Insufficient for One-Pass Attention Sorting

    Jun 26, 2026Qiong Tang, Xiangkun Hu, Xiangyang Liu +2Position BiasIncomplete

    Analemma

  21. On the Position Bias of On-Policy Distillation

    Jun 21, 2026Yan Xie, Sijie Zhu, Tiansheng Wen +2Efficient On-Policy DistillationToken-Level Entropy

    Xidian University · Georgia Institute of Technology · Amazon AGI SF Lab

  22. Quantifying and Auditing LLM Evaluation via Positive--Unlabeled Learning

    Jun 17, 2026Zilong Zhang, Yi-Ting Hung, Lei Ding +1Large Language Model EvaluationPositive--Unlabeled Learning

    Department of Mathematics and Statistics Georgia State University · Department of Statistics University of Manitoba

  23. Evaluating Second-Order Bias of LLMs Through Epistemic Entitlement

    Jun 16, 2026Ramaravind Kommiya Mothilal, Terry Jingchen Zhang, Raiyan Ahmed +3Large Language Model BiasBiases

    University of Toronto · Vector Institute · EuroSafeAI +1

  24. A Systematic Evaluation of Positional Bias in Multi-Video Summarization with MLLMs

    Jun 3, 2026Huangchen Xu, Yuan Wu, Yi ChangVideo Multimodal Large Language ModelsMultimodal Large Language Models

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University · 2Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human-Machine Intelligence, Jilin University · 3International Center of Future Science, Jilin University

  25. Attention Calibration for Position-Fair Dense Retrieval

    Jun 1, 2026Andrianos Michail, Elias Schuhmacher, Juri Opitz +2Retrieval LayerPosition Bias

    University of Zurich · Zurich, Switzerland

  26. Do LLMs Build World Models From Text? A Multilingual Diagnostic of Spatial Reasoning

    May 27, 2026Zhikai Pan, Chih-Ting Liao, Chunrui Liu +5LLM Reasoning StrategiesSpatial Reasoning

    University of New South Wales · Essential Energy · University of Alabama at Birmingham +3

  27. Examining Agents' Bias Amplification versus Suppression in Multi-Agent Systems

    May 27, 2026Zejian Eric Wu, Zhongyi Jiang, Yuan Zhuang +1Algorithmic FairnessPosition Bias

    Oregon State University · Independent Researcher · Amazon +1

  28. On the Hidden Costs of Counterfactual Knowledge Training in LLM Unlearning

    May 26, 2026Xiaotian Ye, Xiaohan Wang, Mengqi Zhang +1Large Language Model UnlearningCounterfactual Learning

    Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Shandong University +1

  29. Who judges the judges? Governance from metrics: a runtime framework for continuous LLM compliance monitoring

    May 23, 2026Jehanne DussertComplianceArtificial Intelligence Governance

    Independent Researcher

  30. Semiparametric Efficient Bilevel Gradient Estimation

    May 20, 2026Fares El Khoury, Houssam Zenati, Nathan Kallus +2Bilevel OptimizationInfluence Function

    Université Grenoble Alpes, Inria, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LJK · Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London · Cornell University +1

  31. A3_3B2_2: Adaptive Asymmetric Adapter for Alleviating Branch Bias in Vision-Language Image Classification with Few-Shot Learning

    May 13, 2026Yiyun Zhou, Zhonghua Jiang, Wenkang Han +4Vision-Language Model AdaptationFew-Shot Learning

    1Zhejiang University · 2Swansea University

  32. Frequency Bias and OOD Generalization in Neural Operators under a Variable-Coefficient Wave Equation

    May 13, 2026Runlong Xie, An LuoFourier Neural OperatorsNeural Operators

    Independent Researcher · School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.

  33. DiffScore: Text Evaluation Beyond Autoregressive Likelihood

    May 12, 2026Wen Lai, Yingli Shen, Dingnan Jin +4Score-Based Diffusion ModelText Analysis and Detection

    1Ant Group · 2Tsinghua University · 3Technical University of Munich

  34. Logit-Attention Divergence: Mitigating Position Bias in Multi-Image Retrieval via Attention-Guided Calibration

    May 12, 2026Mingtao Xian, Yifeng Yang, Qinying Gu +2Multimodal Large Language ModelsCross-Modal Attention

    Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China +1

  35. Quotient-Categorical Representations for Bellman-Compatible Average-Reward Distributional Reinforcement Learning

    May 11, 2026Ege C. Kaya, Aliasghar Pourghani, Vijay Gupta +1Distributional Reinforcement LearningConvergence

    Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47906

  36. Spurious Correlation Learning in Preference Optimization: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Mitigation via Tie Training

    May 11, 2026Christian Moya, Alex Semendinger, Guang Lin +1Spurious CorrelationsPosition Bias

  37. Let the Target Select for Itself: Data Selection via Target-Aligned Paths

    May 10, 2026Huitao Yang, Hengzhi He, Tung Sum Thomas Kwok +1Alignment-Aware SelectionAdaptive Sampling

    University of California, Los Angeles

  38. The Cost of Context: Mitigating Textual Bias in Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    May 7, 2026Hoin Jung, Xiaoqian WangMultimodal Retrieval Augmented GenerationMultimodal Large Language Models

    Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907

  39. RLearner-LLM: Balancing Logical Grounding and Fluency in Large Language Models via Hybrid Direct Preference Optimization

    May 6, 2026Qiming Bao, Juho Leinonen, Paul Denny +1Large Language Model AlignmentLarge Language Models(Llms

    University of Auckland · Aalto University

  40. Do Large Language Models Plan Answer Positions? Position Bias in Multiple-Choice Question Generation

    May 3, 2026Xuemei Tang, Xufeng Duan, Zhenguang G. CaiMultiple-Choice QuestionsPosition Bias

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · The Chinese University of Hong Kong

  41. Exploring Entropy-based Active Learning for Fair Brain Segmentation

    May 3, 2026Ghazal Danaee, Mélanie Gaillochet, Christian Desrosiers +2Semi-Supervised Medical Image SegmentationBrain Tumor Segmentation

    École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada · Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada · Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada

  42. Toward Fair Speech Technologies: A Comprehensive Survey of Bias and Fairness in Speech AI

    May 2, 2026Yi-Cheng Lin, Yun-Shao Tsai, Kuan-Yu Chen +3SpeakerLarge Language Model Bias

    Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan · University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA · NTU Artificial Intelligence Center of Research Excellence (NTU AI-CoRE), National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

  43. Option-Order Randomisation Reveals a Distributional Position Attractor in Prompted Sandbagging

    Apr 29, 2026Jon-Paul CacioliMmlu-ProPosition Bias

    Independent Researcher, Melbourne, Australia

  44. Below-Chance Blindness: Prompted Underperformance in Small LLMs Produces Positional Bias Rather than Answer Avoidance

    Apr 28, 2026Jon-Paul CacioliSabotagePosition Bias

    Independent Researcher, Melbourne, Australia

  45. Where to Place the Query? Unveiling and Mitigating Positional Bias in In-Context Learning for Diffusion LLMs via Decoding Dynamics

    Apr 26, 2026Zhengheng Li, Panrui Li, Xuyang Liu +1Diffusion Language ModelsIn-Context Learning

    Southeast University

  46. Judging the Judges: A Systematic Evaluation of Bias Mitigation Strategies in LLM-as-a-Judge Pipelines

    Apr 25, 2026Sadman Kabir SoumikLlm-As-A-JudgeJudges

    Independent Researcher

  47. The Coin Flip Judge? Reliability and Bias in LLM-as-a-Judge Evaluation

    Apr 23, 2026Abel YagubyanLlm-As-A-JudgeLarge Language Model Judges

    Independent Researcher

  48. Debiased neural operators for estimating functionals

    Apr 21, 2026Konstantin Hess, Dennis Frauen, Niki Kilbertus +1Neural OperatorsNeural Approximations

    1LMU Munich · 2Munich Center for Machine Learning · 3TU Munich +1

  49. More Thinking, More Bias: Length-Driven Position Bias in Reasoning Models

    Apr 21, 2026Xiao WangLarge Reasoning ModelsPosition Bias

  50. Machine individuality: Separating genuine idiosyncrasy from response bias in large language models

    Apr 18, 2026Valentin Kriegmair, Dirk U. WulffLarge Language Model BiasLinguistics

    Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany · Center for Cognitive and Decision Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland

  51. Am I More Pointwise or Pairwise? Revealing Position Bias in Rubric-Based LLM-as-a-Judge

    Feb 2, 2026Yuzheng Xu, Tosho Hirasawa, Tadashi Kozuno +1Llm-As-A-JudgeModel Judgments

    OMRON SINIC X · NexaScience

  52. Hearing the Order: Investigating Position Bias in Large Audio-Language Models

    Oct 1, 2025Yu-Xiang Lin, Chen-An Li, Sheng-Lun Wei +3Large Audio Language ModelsLarge Language Model Bias

    National Taiwan University

  53. Bias Fitting to Mitigate Length Bias of Reward Model in RLHF

    May 19, 2025Kangwen Zhao, Jianfeng Cai, Jinhua Zhu +5Reinforcement Learning From Human FeedbackLarge Language Model Alignment

    University of Science and Technology of China