Quantum Feature Maps

Also known as MAP

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Overview

Quantum feature maps transform classical data into quantum states or measurement outcomes so learning algorithms can use the resulting geometry and feature interactions. Common approaches include angle, amplitude, basis, IQP and ZZ encodings, often combined with entangling gates, data re-uploading or trainable circuits; quantum kernels compare the encoded states, while hybrid models feed measured features into classical learners. Applications range from image, audio and tabular classification to regression and time-series prediction, where the aim is to capture useful structure with compact representations. Results are mixed: benefits depend on how the encoding matches the task and on the readout and classical baseline, while noise, qubit limits, kernel cost and fair hardware comparisons remain important challenges.

Latest papers

CardsList

37 papers10 papers in the last four weeks, up 150% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Can Entanglement-Induced Feature-Map Designs Improve Projected Quantum Kernels?

    Oct 22, 2026Ravi Kumar Jha, Hsuan-Yin Lin, Eirik RosnesQuantum Kernel MethodsQuantum Feature Maps

    Simula UiB, N–5006 Bergen, Norway

  2. Task-aligned spectral inductive biases in parameterized quantum circuits

    Oct 16, 2026Felix Frohnert, Adrián Pérez-Salinas, Sebastian Lange +3Quantum Machine LearningSpectral Bias

    ⟨aQaL⟩Applied Quantum Algorithms, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands · Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany · Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland +2

  3. Expressivity of IQP Feature-Map Quantum Kernels via Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces

    Oct 16, 2026Valeria Repetto, Stefano Melchionna, Romina D'AurizioQuantum Kernel MethodsQuantum Feature Maps

    National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT), via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy · Computational Biomedicine Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, Torino, Italy · Kipu Quantum, Greifswalderstrasse 212, 10405 Berlin, Germany

  4. When do quantum views help? Complementary classical-quantum representations in multi-view fusion

    Oct 15, 2026Azadeh Alavi, Fatemeh Kouchmeshki, Hossein Akhoundi +3Hybrid Quantum-Classical MLFeature Fusion

    RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia. · Pattern Recognition Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia. · Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, 25 Exhibition Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.

  5. A Tutorial on Quantum Amplitude Embedding with Data Re-Uploading

    Oct 13, 2026Hyojun Ahn, Joongheon KimQuantum Circuit ExpressibilityQuantum Machine Learning

    Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  6. Representation Geometry and Inductive Biases in Quantum Classifiers across Classical Visual Benchmarks

    Oct 13, 2026Yu Yamaoka, Weng Ian Chan, Kosuke MitaraiQuantum Machine LearningImage Classification

    Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, The University of Osaka, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Osaka, Japan. · SANKEN, The University of Osaka, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan. · Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of Osaka, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-8531, Osaka, Japan.

  7. Benchmarking Quantum Kernel SVMs for Credit Card Fraud Detection: Performance Realities Under NISQ Constraints

    Oct 12, 2026Hitanshi Arora, Mohit Swarnkar, Aswani Kumar CherukuriQuantum Machine LearningQuantum Kernel Methods

  8. Toward Joint Optimization of Circuit Depth and Training Data Size in Adaptively Grown Quantum Classifiers

    Oct 8, 2026Saeefa Rubaiyet Nowmi, Md Mahmuduzzaman Kamol, Mohammad Saidur RahmanQuantum Circuit TrainabilityNeural Network Generalization

    Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA, USA · University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, TX, USA

  9. A Width-Matched Comparison of Hybrid Quantum-Classical Self-Supervised Learning for Fingerprint Recognition

    Sep 30, 2026Maria S. Edwards, Kidwell Dlamini, Pin-An Lin +2Quantum Feature MapsContrastive Learning

    Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan · Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan

  10. SQUARE: Structured Quantum Representation Adapters as Compact Quadratic Feature Maps for Frozen Language Models

    Sep 29, 2026Emily Jimin Roh, Hyojun Ahn, Hoyeong Lee +4Quantum Feature MapsRepresentation Learning

    Korea University · Sookmyung Women’s University · Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology +2

  11. QuPID: Quantum Parameter-Efficient Input-Dependent Retrieval Adaptation for Medical RAG

    Sep 27, 2026Hyojun Ahn, Emily Jimin Roh, Soohyun Park +3Quantum Feature MapsMedical Image Retrieval

    Korea University · Sookmyung Women’s University · Virginia Tech +2

  12. Hybrid Variational Quantum Circuits for Multivariate Regression and High-Dimensional Data Reconstruction

    Sep 15, 2026Koffi Ognandon Ayena, Frédéric Holweck, Serge Iovleff +1Quantum Feature MapsImage Reconstruction

    ICB · UR4662 · BP 1515 Lomé-Togo

  13. Quantum Feature Engineering for Credit Default Prediction: When and Why IQP Circuits Help Linear Classifiers

    Sep 9, 2026Menachem Finkelstein, Diana Legziel Levy, Zohar Yakhini +1Quantum Feature MapsQuantum Machine Learning

    Reichman University, Israel

  14. Fractal dimension predicts quantum kernel collapse in angle-encoded data

    Aug 31, 2026Ana Paula AppelQuantum Feature MapsIntrinsic Dimensionality

  15. When Similarity Is Interaction-Driven: Quantum Kernels for Regime-Sensitive Learning

    Aug 25, 2026Hanqiu Peng, Jianlong Lu, Ying ChenQuantum Feature MapsFeature Interaction Modeling

    Centre for Quantitative Finance, Department of Mathematics Risk Management Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore

  16. Quantum Kernel Estimation for the Discovery of Early Lung Cancer Detection

    Aug 19, 2026Hamed Javidi, Alex Zajichek, Hakan Doga +3OncologyQuantum Kernel Methods

    Department of Computational Life Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. · Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. · IBM Quantum, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA. +1

  17. Statevector-Referenced Geometry Survival of a Four-Qubit ZZ Quantum Kernel on IBM Quantum Hardware: A Fixed-Subset Diagnostic Across Three Execution Configurations

    Jul 22, 2026Rostyslav SipakovQuantum Feature MapsQuantum Kernel Methods

    Department of Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety Technologies, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine

  18. PQFA: Parallel Quantum Feature Augmentation of Fused Representations for Multimodal Classification

    Jul 15, 2026Mingzhu Wang, Yun ShangQuantum Feature MapsQuantum Machine Learning

    Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China · School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China · State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

  19. Exploring the Effects of Entanglement on Quantum Machine Learning of Pathogen Epitope-Receptor Binding

    Jun 27, 2026Aspen Erlandsson Brisebois, Luis Pablo Gonzalez Dominguez, Shivansi Prajapati +8Quantum Feature MapsQuantum Machine Learning

    Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada · Engineering Science, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada · Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada +5

  20. Effective Dimension Governs Generalization in Quantum Kernel Vision Models

    Jun 18, 2026Jian Xu, Delu Zeng, John Paisley +1Quantum Feature MapsIntrinsic Dimensionality

    RIKEN iTHEMS · RIKEN AIP · South China University of Technology +1

  21. A Matched Spectral Benchmark of Quantum Inspired Feature Maps

    May 23, 2026Toheeb Ogunade, Taofeek Kassim, Etinosa OsaroQuantum Feature MapsQuantum Machine Learning

    Department of Computer Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria · Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria · Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA

  22. Quantum Kernels for Audio Deepfake Detection Using Spectrogram Patch Features

    May 7, 2026Lisan Al Amin, Rakib Hossain, Mahbubul Islam +2Quantum Feature MapsAudio Deepfake Detection

    Potomac Quantum, USA · United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh · University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA +2

  23. Quantum Kernels for Parity-Structured Classification: A Hybrid Pipeline

    May 7, 2026Tushar PandeyQuantum Feature MapsQuantum Machine Learning

    Texas A&M University, Department of Mathematics College Station, TX, USA

  24. Parameterized Quantum Circuits as Feature Maps: Representation Quality and Readout Effects in Multispectral Land-Cover Classification

    Apr 29, 2026Ralntion Komini, Aikaterini Mandilara, Georgios Maragkopoulos +1Quantum Feature MapsLand Cover Classification

    Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece · Eulambia Advanced Technologies Ltd, Agiou Ioannou 24, Ag. Paraskevi, 15342, Greece

  25. Benchmarking Quantum Kernel Support Vector Machines Against Classical Baselines on Tabular Data: A Rigorous Empirical Study with Hardware Validation

    Apr 20, 2026Siavash Kakavand, Christoph Strohmeyer, Michael SchlotterQuantum Feature MapsQuantum Kernel Methods

    SHARE at FAU, Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG, Herzogenaurach 91074, Bavaria, Germany

  26. Q-SINDy: Quantum-Kernel Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics with Provable Coefficient Debiasing

    Apr 18, 2026Samrendra Roy, Syed Bahauddin AlamQuantum Feature MapsSparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics

    Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA · Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign National Center for Supercomputing Applications Urbana, IL, USA

  27. Design Space Exploration of Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks for Chronic Kidney Disease

    Apr 15, 2026Muhammad Kashif, Hanzalah Mohamed Siraj, Nouhaila Innan +2Quantum Neural NetworksHybrid Quantum-Classical ML

    eBrain Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE · Center for Quantum and Topological Systems, NYUAD Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE

  28. QMC-Net: Data-Aware Quantum Representations for Remote Sensing Image Classification

    Apr 10, 2026Md Aminur Hossain, Ayush V. Patel, Biplab BanerjeeHybrid Quantum-Classical MLRemote Sensing Image Understanding

    Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad, India · School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, India · Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India +1

  29. Non-variational supervised quantum kernel methods: a review

    Apr 9, 2026John Tanner, Chon-Fai Kam, Jingbo WangQuantum Kernel MethodsQuantum Feature Maps

    Centre for Quantum Information, Simulation and Algorithms, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA, 6009, Australia · Quantum Theory Group, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Emilio Segr`e, Universit`a degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy

  30. Shot-based quantum encoding: a data-loading paradigm for quantum neural networks

    Apr 7, 2026Basil Kyriacou, Viktoria Patapovich, Maniraman Periyasamy +1Quantum Data EncodingQuantum Machine Learning

    Terra Quantum AG, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland