Remote Sensing Benchmarks

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Overview

Remote sensing benchmarks provide shared datasets, splits, metrics, and protocols for testing satellite, aerial, SAR, hyperspectral, and LiDAR models on tasks such as land-cover mapping, change detection, geo-localization, and vision-language reasoning. They compare CNNs and transformers with foundation models using supervised, zero-shot, frozen-encoder, and fine-tuning evaluations, often with cross-region, cross-year, or cross-sensor splits. Results show that rankings can change across tasks and conditions: geographic and sensor shifts, fine details, temporal reasoning, and complex grounding expose weaknesses that clean in-distribution scores may hide. A central challenge is to make comparisons reproducible and realistic while measuring calibration, geometric accuracy, efficiency, robustness, and downstream utility rather than relying on a single aggregate score.

Latest papers

CardsList

194 papers21 papers in the last four weeks, down 16% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Earth Embeddings Reveal Diverse Urban Signals from Space

    Apr 3, 2026Wenjing Gong, Udbhav Srivastava, Yuchen Wang +6Geospatial Representation LearningRemote Sensing Benchmarks

    Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. · The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA. · Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

  2. Task-Guided Prompting for Unified Remote Sensing Image Restoration

    Apr 3, 2026Wenli Huang, Yang Wu, Xiaomeng Xin +3All-in-One Image RestorationRemote Sensing

    School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China · Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China · University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK +1

  3. YieldSAT: A Multimodal Benchmark Dataset for High-Resolution Crop Yield Prediction

    Apr 1, 2026Miro Miranda, Deepak Pathak, Patrick Helber +10Crop Yield PredictionAgricultural Remote Sensing

    RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau · DFKI GmbH · Vision Impulse GmbH +1

  4. Continual Vision-Language Learning for Remote Sensing: Benchmarking and Analysis

    Apr 1, 2026Xingxing Weng, Ruifeng Ni, Chao Pang +5Remote Sensing VLMsContinual Learning for VLMs

    School of Computer Science, Wuhan University · College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University · School of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University +2

  5. MoonAnything: A Vision Benchmark with Large-Scale Lunar Supervised Data

    Apr 1, 2026Clémentine Grethen, Yuang Shi, Simone Gasparini +1Remote Sensing Benchmarks3D Reconstruction

    IRIT - Université de Toulouse, France · National University of Singapore, Singapore · IPAL, IRL2955, Singapore

  6. BigEarthNet.txt: A Large-Scale Multi-Sensor Image-Text Dataset and Benchmark for Earth Observation

    Mar 31, 2026Johann-Ludwig Herzog, Mathis Jürgen Adler, Leonard Hackel +5Remote SensingRemote Sensing Benchmarks

    BIFOLD and Technische Universität Berlin · University of Trento · National Technical University and National Observatory of Athens

  7. SVH-BD : Synthetic Vegetation Hyperspectral Benchmark Dataset for Emulation of Remote Sensing Images

    Mar 30, 2026Chedly Ben Azizi, Claire Guilloteau, Gilles Roussel +1Remote Sensing BenchmarksRemote Sensing

  8. GeoHeight-Bench: Towards Height-Aware Multimodal Reasoning in Remote Sensing

    Mar 26, 2026Xuran Hu, Zhitong Xiong, Zhongcheng Hong +3Remote Sensing Image UnderstandingLarge Vision-Language Models

    KTH Royal Institute of Technology · Technical University of Munich · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)

  9. OptiSAR-Net++: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Transformer-Free Framework for Cross-Domain Remote Sensing Visual Grounding

    Mar 25, 2026Xiaoyu Tang, Jun Dong, Jintao Cheng +1Remote SensingVision-Language Grounding

    School of Electronics and Information Engineering, and Xingzhi College, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China · School of Data Science and Engineering, and Xingzhi College, South China Normal University, Shanwei, 516600, China · Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China +1

  10. Large-Scale Avalanche Mapping from SAR Images with Deep Learning-based Change Detection

    Mar 24, 2026Mattia Gatti, Alberto Mariani, Ignazio Gallo +1Remote Sensing Change DetectionRemote Sensing Benchmarks

    Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi 9, Varese, 21100, Italy · Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, 22100, Italy · Alpsolut S.r.l., Via Saroch 1098/A, Livigno, 23041, Italy

  11. Spatially-Aware Evaluation Framework for Aerial LiDAR Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation: Distance-Based Metrics on Challenging Regions

    Mar 23, 2026Alex Salvatierra, José Antonio Sanz, Christian Gutiérrez +1Semantic Segmentation3D Semantic Segmentation

    Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics and Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosad´ıa s/n, Pamplona, 31006, Navarre, Spain

  12. Benchmarking Deep Learning Models for Aerial LiDAR Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation under Real Acquisition Conditions: A Case Study in Navarre

    Mar 23, 2026Alex Salvatierra, José Antonio Sanz, Christian Gutiérrez +13D Point Cloud Segmentation3D Semantic Segmentation

    Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics and Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía s/n, Pamplona, 31006, Navarre, Spain · Tracasa Instrumental, Cabárceno, 6, Sarriguren, 31621, Navarre, Spain

  13. OpenEarth-Agent: From Tool Calling to Tool Creation for Open-Environment Earth Observation

    Mar 23, 2026Sijie Zhao, Feng Liu, Xueliang Zhang +11LLM Agent Tool GenerationLLM Agent Planning

    Nanjing University · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +1

  14. A Large-Scale Remote Sensing Dataset and VLM-based Algorithm for Fine-Grained Road Hierarchy Classification

    Mar 22, 2026Ting Han, Xiangyi Xie, Yiping Chen +5Remote Sensing VLMsClassification

    School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China · Transport Bureau of Nanhai District, Foshan, 528200, China · Laboratory of Intelligent Collaborative Computing, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China +2

  15. Multi-Modal Building Change Detection for Large-Scale Small Changes: Benchmark and Baseline

    Mar 19, 2026Ye Wang, Wei Lu, Zhihui You +6Remote Sensing Change DetectionRemote Sensing Benchmarks

    MOE Key Lab of ICSP, Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Multimodal Cognitive Computation, IMIS Lab of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China · School of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China · College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 +3

  16. TerraScope: Pixel-Grounded Visual Reasoning for Earth Observation

    Mar 19, 2026Yan Shu, Bin Ren, Zhitong Xiong +4Remote Sensing VLMsGeospatial Reasoning

    University of Trento · MBZUAI · Technical University of Munich +1

  17. NeSy-Route: A Neuro-Symbolic Benchmark for Constrained Route Planning in Remote Sensing

    Mar 17, 2026Ming Yang, Zhi Zhou, Shi-Yu Tian +3Remote Sensing Image UnderstandingRemote Sensing

    National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China · School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University, China

  18. Pansharpening for Thin-Cloud Contaminated Remote Sensing Images: A Unified Framework and Benchmark Dataset

    Mar 16, 2026Songcheng Du, Yang Zou, Jiaxin Li +4PansharpeningRemote Sensing

    Northwest Polytechnical University · Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Aberystwyth University

  19. RS-WorldModel: a Unified Model for Remote Sensing Understanding and Future Sense Forecasting

    Mar 16, 2026Linrui Xu, Zhongan Wang, Fei Shen +4World Model LearningRemote Sensing VLMs

    Central South University · Zhejiang University · National University of Singapore +2

  20. Sky2Ground: A Benchmark for Site Modeling under Varying Altitude

    Mar 14, 2026Zengyan Wang, Sirshapan Mitra, Rajat Modi +2Cross-View Image MatchingCross-View Geo-Localization

    Center for Research In Computer Vision, University of Central Florida

  21. Think and Answer ME: Benchmarking and Exploring Multi-Entity Reasoning Grounding in Remote Sensing

    Mar 13, 2026Shuchang Lyu, Haiquan Wen, Guangliang Cheng +5Remote Sensing Visual GroundingVisual Grounding

    Beihang University, Beijing, China. · University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. · Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

  22. CM-Bench: A Comprehensive Cross-Modal Feature Matching Benchmark Bridging Visible and Infrared Images

    Mar 13, 2026Liangzheng Sun, Mengfan He, Xingyu Shao +5Cross-Modal Feature MatchingRemote Sensing Benchmarks

    School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China · Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

  23. CrossEarth-SAR: A SAR-Centric and Billion-Scale Geospatial Foundation Model for Domain Generalizable Semantic Segmentation

    Mar 12, 2026Ziqi Ye, Ziyang Gong, Ning Liao +10Domain Generalization for Semantic SegmentationRemote Sensing Image Segmentation

    Fudan University · Shanghai Innovation Institute · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +7

  24. Grounding Synthetic Data Generation With Vision and Language Models

    Mar 10, 2026Ümit Mert Çağlar, Alptekin TemizelSynthetic Data AugmentationSynthetic Data Evaluation

    Graduate School of Informatics METU, Turkey

  25. OmniEarth: A Benchmark for Evaluating Vision-Language Models in Geospatial Tasks

    Mar 10, 2026Ronghao Fu, Haoran Liu, Weijie Zhang +4VLM EvaluationRemote Sensing Benchmarks

    Jilin University, Changchun, China · Chang Guang Satellite Technology, Changchun, China

  26. GeoSeg: Training-Free Reasoning-Driven Segmentation in Remote Sensing Imagery

    Mar 4, 2026Lifan Jiang, Yuhang Pei, oxi Wu +5Remote Sensing Image SegmentationReasoning Segmentation

    State Key lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University · UniTTEC Co. Ltd. · Wuchan Zhongda Chengtou (Ningbo) Holdings. Ltd.

  27. LeafInst - Unified Instance Segmentation Network for Fine-Grained Forestry Leaf Phenotype Analysis: A New UAV based Benchmark

    Mar 4, 2026Taige Luo, Junru Xie, Chenyang Fan +5Instance SegmentationPlant Phenotyping

    College of Information Science and Technology & Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China · Department of Geography, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA · School of Software, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China +2

  28. COP-GEN: Latent Diffusion Transformer for Copernicus Earth Observation Data

    Mar 3, 2026Miguel Espinosa, Eva Gmelich Meijling, Valerio Marsocci +2Conditional Generative ModelingMultimodal Diffusion Models

    School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh · European Space Agency (ESA) · Asterisk Labs

  29. Seeing Clearly without Training: Mitigating Hallucinations in Multimodal LLMs for Remote Sensing

    Mar 3, 2026Yi Liu, Jing Zhang, Di Wang +3Remote Sensing VQAVLM Hallucination Mitigation

    School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, China · Zhongguancun Academy, China · School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, China

  30. From Pixels to Patches: Pooling Strategies for Earth Embeddings

    Mar 2, 2026Isaac Corley, Caleb Robinson, Inbal Becker-Reshef +1Spatial GeneralizationGeospatial Foundation Models

    Wherobots · Microsoft AI for Good Research Lab