User Trajectory Prediction Unifying Global and Local Temporal Information

Accurate pedestrian trajectory prediction is essential for safe navigation in autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems. Despite substantial progress made by recent methods, most existing approaches are limited in fully exploiting diverse observations and often overlook the scale dependency of future motion, treating multiscale features uniformly regardless of underlying motion dynamics. This limits their robustness across diverse pedestrian behaviors. To address these challenges, we propose a Predicted-MUltiSCale-Aware Network (MUSCLE-NET) for Pedestrian Trajectory Forecasting that integrates complementary multimodal cues with scale-adaptive prediction mechanisms. The proposed framework is built upon a Multiscale Multimodal Feature Extraction (MMFE) module, which combines multiscale representation, modality-aware recalibration, and directional cross-modal fusion to construct semantically aligned representations from bounding boxes, velocities, and pose information. Building on these features, a Multiscale Enhanced Hierarchical Prediction (MEHP) module performs prediction-aware future-motion refinement via a probabilistic coarse predictor, scale-aligned fusion, and progressive refinement, adaptively selecting scale-relevant cues to mitigate spatial drift. Extensive experiments on the JAAD and PIE benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed MUSCLE-Net achieves competitive performance and consistent gains compared with state-of-the-art trajectory prediction methods.

Accurate pedestrian trajectory prediction in crowded environments remains challenging due to the multimodal uncertainty of human motion and the variable complexity of motion dynamics across different scene contexts. Existing goal-conditioned models rely on static displacement structures that assign equal weight to all historical time steps, standard graph attention mechanisms, and fixed-capacity motion decoders that cannot adapt to local prediction complexity. To address these limitations, we propose TSCA-Net, a trajectory prediction framework built upon three complementary modules. The Temporal-Spatial Clique Attention (TSCA) module introduces learnable temporal gating into clique-based goal-history interaction, enabling time-aware modulation of historical observations relative to each candidate goal. The Cross-Pedestrian Clique Potential (CPCP) module models asymmetric pairwise agent relationships through a dynamic clique potential framework with a time-varying social graph. The Adaptive KAN Grid Refinement (AKGR) mechanism dynamically adjusts the B-spline grid resolution of a Kolmogorov-Arnold Network-augmented LSTM decoder based on per-agent goal distribution entropy, balancing model expressiveness against overfitting across varying motion complexities. Extensive experiments on the ETH/UCY and Stanford Drone Dataset benchmarks demonstrate that TSCA-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance, with average ADE/FDE of 0.13/0.20 m on ETH/UCY and 6.95/10.43 pixels on SDD. Comprehensive ablation studies confirm the complementary contributions of all three proposed modules.

Accurate trajectory prediction is vital for safe autonomous driving, yet existing approaches struggle to balance modeling power and computational efficiency. Attention-based architectures incur quadratic complexity with increasing agents, while recurrent models struggle to capture long-range dependencies and fine-grained local dynamics. Building upon this, we present FoSS, a dual-branch framework that unifies frequency-domain reasoning with linear-time sequence modeling. The frequency-domain branch performs a discrete Fourier transform to decompose trajectories into amplitude components encoding global intent and phase components capturing local variations, followed by a progressive helix reordering module that preserves spectral order; two selective state-space submodules, Coarse2Fine-SSM and SpecEvolve-SSM, refine spectral features with O(N) complexity. In parallel, a time-domain dynamic selective SSM reconstructs self-attention behavior in linear time to retain long-range temporal context. A cross-attention layer fuses temporal and spectral representations, while learnable queries generate multiple candidate trajectories, and a weighted fusion head expresses motion uncertainty. Experiments on Argoverse 1 and Argoverse 2 benchmarks demonstrate that FoSS achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while reducing computation by 22.5% and parameters by over 40%. Comprehensive ablations confirm the necessity of each component.