Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation

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21 papers3 papers in the last four weeks, with none the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

OpenMAP-HIE: Pathology Informed Score-based Diffusion Model for Unsupervised Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Lesion Segmentation
Oct 21, 2026Pengyu Kan, Craig Jones, Kenichi OishiMedical Image Segmentation Medical Image Anomaly Detection
Johns Hopkins University · Johns Hopkins University, University of Alberta · Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
DART: Scaling a Shape Representation Across Anatomical Classes and Imaging Modalities
Oct 20, 2026Koushik Swarna, Pedro R. A. S. Bassi, Lam Ngo +4Medical Image Segmentation Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation
Johns Hopkins University · ELLIS Institute Finland · Aalto University +1
Closing the Loop on Contrail Avoidance with Satellite Verification
Oct 7, 2026Spandan Ghose ChowdhuryDiffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation Remote Sensing Image Segmentation
School of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA
Unsupervised Anatomical Feature Learning via Diffusion Models: Enhanced Medical Image Segmentation with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
Aug 26, 2026Akshat G, Divyansh Gupta, Shaleen Bhatnagar +2Medical Image Segmentation Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation
Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
GET: Generative Embedding Translation for Medical Image Segmentation
Aug 23, 2026Md Maklachur Rahman, Md Hasan Al Banna, Saraf Anjum +2Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA · Independent Researcher · Alfa Laval
KANResDiff: Learning Local Residual Diffusion via Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation
Aug 12, 2026Fanding Li, Chenglin Wang, Xiangyu Li +9Schrödinger Bridges Medical Image Segmentation
Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China · College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China · Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China +1
Enhancing Low Back Pain Assessment with Diffusion Models for Lumbar Spine MRI Segmentation
Aug 5, 2026Maria Monzon, Thomas Iff, Ender Konukoglu +1Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
Biomedical Data Science Lab, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland · Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland · Computer Vision Lab, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
SNR-Adaptive Unified Diffusion for Multi-Task Medical Image Segmentation
Jul 3, 2026Jiahao Liu, Hang Wei, Shuai WuUnsupervised Domain Adaptation Domain Generalization
School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University · School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University
MLFFM-SegDiff: A Multi-Level Feature Fusion Diffusion Model for Skin Lesion Segmentation
Jun 25, 2026Jingjun Gu, Chaojie Shen, Yifeng Cao +3Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation
Keyi College of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, China · Zhejiang Lanchen Digital Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China · School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China +2
EnTrust: Modeling Inter-Modal Conflict for Trustworthy Multimodal Medical Image Analysis
Jun 19, 2026Dwarikanath Mahapatra, Abhijit Das, Behzad Bozorgtabar +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation
Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE. · MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, UAE. · Aarhus University, Denmark. +5
Diffusion-Refined Segmentation and Vision-Language Interpretation for Pediatric Brain Tumor MRI
Jun 12, 2026Wentao Ke, Jianche LiuBraTS Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University · School of Medicine Stanford University
DiffSegLung: Diffusion Radiomic Distillation for Unsupervised Lung Pathology Segmentation
May 12, 2026Rezkellah Noureddine Khiati, Pierre-Yves Brillet, Catalin FetitaImage Segmentation Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation
No Institute Given
GenMed: A Pairwise Generative Reformulation of Medical Diagnostic Tasks
May 11, 2026Hantao Zhang, Weidong Guo, Yuhe Liu +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Diffusion Model Guidance
CVLab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland · Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Beihang University, Beijing, China +3
DiffuSAM: Diffusion-Based Prompt-Free SAM2 for Few-Shot and Source-Free Medical Image Segmentation
Apr 27, 2026Tal Grossman, Noa Cahan, Lev Ayzenberg +1Diffusion Models Image Segmentation
School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel · School of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel
SD-FSMIS: Adapting Stable Diffusion for Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation
Apr 3, 2026Meihua Li, Yang Zhang, Weizhao He +2Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation
Computer Vision Institute, College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University
Structure and Progress Aware Diffusion for Medical Image Segmentation
Mar 9, 2026Siyuan Song, Guyue Hu, Chenglong Li +3Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China · State Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Protection Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China · Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Security Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China +2
Volumetric Directional Diffusion: Anchoring Uncertainty Quantification in Anatomical Consensus for Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation
Mar 4, 2026Chao Wu, Mahesh Bhosale, Kangxian Xie +3Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo, SUNY Buffalo, NY, USA
OrthoDiffusion: A Generalizable Multi-Task Diffusion Foundation Model for Musculoskeletal MRI Interpretation
Feb 24, 2026Tian Lan, Lei Xu, Zimu Yuan +8Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation Medical Imaging Foundation Models
Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China. · Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China. · Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Translation for Drugs and Medical Devices in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China. +4
Diffusion Model in Latent Space for Medical Image Segmentation Task
Dec 1, 2025Ngoc Huynh Trinh, Hai Toan Nguyen, Son Ba Luong +1Latent Diffusion Models Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation
Institute for Artificial Intelligence, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Multi-Channel Uncertainty-Weighted Score Matching for Conditional Diffusion in Medical UDA
Sep 26, 2025Chen Li, Meilong Xu, Xiaoling Hu +2Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA · Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
Semi-Supervised Biomedical Image Segmentation via Diffusion Models and Teacher-Student Co-Training
Apr 2, 2025Luca Ciampi, Gabriele Lagani, Giuseppe Amato +1Medical Image Segmentation Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation
ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy

Oct 21, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

OpenMAP-HIE: Pathology Informed Score-based Diffusion Model for Unsupervised Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Lesion Segmentation

Pengyu Kan, Craig Jones, Kenichi Oishi

Johns Hopkins University · Johns Hopkins University, University of Alberta · Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Medical Image Segmentation Medical Image Anomaly Detection Diffusion Models for Medical Image Segmentation Score-Based Generative Modeling Diffusion MRI

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Accurate localization of neonatal hypoxic--ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) lesions on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images is clinically important but is limited by scarce expert annotations and substantial variation in lesion appearance. We propose OpenMAP-HIE, a pathology-informed score-based diffusion model for unsupervised HIE lesion localization without voxel-wise lesion supervision. A denoising diffusion model learns the healthy neonatal ADC distribution, while a ControlNet-based conditional branch preserves patient-specific anatomy. At inference, anomaly evidence is derived directly from differences between conditional and unconditioned noise predictions at independently evaluated diffusion noise levels, avoiding dependence on a final pseudo-healthy reconstruction or sequential reverse-diffusion chain. Based on the characteristic ADC reduction associated with acute HIE, only discrepancies consistent with the expected pathological direction are retained and aggregated across noise levels using a geometric mean. Spatial mean filtering further suppresses isolated responses. The framework was evaluated on the BONBID-HIE dataset. The ADC-only method achieved a Dice score of

0.283\pm0.244

, average precision of

0.505

, Hausdorff distance of

25.45\pm15.63

mm, mean average surface distance of

9.40\pm8.49

mm, and normalized surface distance of

0.355\pm0.236

, providing the best overlap and surface-distance performance among the evaluated unsupervised methods and Dice performance comparable to supervised ADC-only models. Optional population-derived ADC

Z

-map refinement further increased Dice to

0.602\pm0.269

. These findings support pathology-informed score discrepancies as a useful signal for neonatal HIE lesion localization, while highlighting remaining challenges in detecting small and low-contrast lesions.