Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

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Overview

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation studies how to train models to outline organs, lesions, and tissues using a small set of annotated scans alongside many unannotated ones. Common approaches include teacher–student networks that generate pseudo-labels, consistency losses across augmented views, and feature or prototype alignment; newer methods also use foundation models, prompts, and diffusion-based refinement. Researchers evaluate these methods across settings such as cardiac MRI, abdominal CT, ultrasound, OCT, and histopathology, with benchmarks including ACDC, Synapse, AMOS, and GlaS. A central challenge is making pseudo-labels reliable for difficult or rare structures and across institutions, while ensuring gains under scarce labels generalize beyond benchmark-specific evaluation.

Latest papers

CardsList

49 papers1 paper in the last four weeks, down 83% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Human-Inspired Asymmetric Collaboration for Dual-Student Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Oct 13, 2026Huiyi Ren, Ziming Fang, Jiaming Cai +2Semi-Supervised Medical Image SegmentationData Augmentation

  2. ConPro: Contrast Projection Pretraining for Label-Efficient Vessel Segmentation in DSA Sequences

    Sep 24, 2026Xinge Guo, Yuanhao Wang, Liqi Shu +2Medical ImagingSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Duke University, Durham, NC, USA · Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA · University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

  3. Learning Spectral Allocation: A Fractional Diffusion Framework for Adaptive Volumetric Segmentation

    Sep 23, 2026Yi-Hui Shen, Tie-Qiang LiSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation3D Medical Image Segmentation

    School of Arts and Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China · School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China · Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden +2

  4. FedMust: Semi-supervised Multi-task Student-Teacher Federated Learning for Multi-organ CT Segmentation

    Sep 21, 2026Ashkan Moradi, Bendik Skarre Abrahamsen, Mattijs ElschotMulti-Organ SegmentationMulti-Task Learning

    Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway · Central Staff at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway

  5. Confidence-Aware Teacher-Student Distillation for 3D Medical Segmentation

    Sep 20, 2026Georgios Triantafyllou, Dimitris K. IakovidisSemi-Supervised Medical Image SegmentationMedical Image Segmentation

    Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 2-4 Papasiopoulou st. 35131, Lamia, Greece

  6. ThreshGuide: Class-Aware Labeled-Guided Thresholding for Semi-Supervised 3D Abdominal Multi-Organ Segmentation

    Sep 14, 2026Hongyu Liu, Yinlong Wang, Lusha Li +1Semi-Supervised Medical Image SegmentationMedical Image Segmentation

    School of Intelligent Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China

  7. SAUF-Net: Structure--Appearance Representation Learning with Uncertainty Feedback for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Sep 2, 2026Qin Lu, Zheyang Jing, Yujie Yang +3Semi-Supervised Medical Image SegmentationConsistency Regularization

    Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China

  8. LUTSeg: A Longitudinal Multi-Expert Dataset for Ulcer Tissue Segmentation

    Aug 26, 2026Karen Sanchez, Carlos Hinojosa, Albert A. Ávila +5Medical Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia · Subred Norte E.S.E, Hospital Simón Bolívar, Colombia · Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia

  9. Spatiotemporal Distillation via Recurrent Bottlenecks for Aortic Tracking

    Aug 24, 2026Dexter Wen Jie Teo, Nairouz Shehata, Herve LombaertMedical Image SegmentationCardiac MRI

    College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Canada

  10. CalcSeg: Confidence-aware 3D Latent Context Curriculum Learning For Myocardial Scar Segmentation From Single-Stack LGE-CMRs

    Aug 20, 2026Nivetha Jayakumar, Hannah Kim, Amit R. Patel +13D Medical Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, USA · School of Medicine, University of Virginia, USA

  11. CoDiR: Confidence-Guided Diffusion Refinement for Semi-Supervised Histopathology Segmentation

    Aug 12, 2026Hoai Nhan Pham, Dang-Nguyen Bui, Le-Van Thai +7Histopathology Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    AI VIETNAM Lab, Vietnam · Portland Community College, USA · University of Science, VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam +4

  12. Bi-Level Collaborative Learning for Few-Shot Scribble-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Jul 28, 2026Xiang-Xiang Su, Yufan Ye, Yihang Zheng +2Weakly Supervised Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Fuzhou University Fuzhou, China · Qingdao University Qingdao, China

  13. Unifying Active Learning and Semi-Supervised Learning for Medical Image Segmentation

    Jul 27, 2026Bahram Jafrasteh, Cheng Wan, Heejong Kim +2Active LearningSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

  14. ESRVS: Extreme Semi-Supervised Retinal Vessel Segmentation with a Single Annotated Image

    Jul 27, 2026Mingzhi Xu, Yizhe ZhangImage SegmentationRetinal Vessel Segmentation

    Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

  15. PC-Seg: Progressive Cross-View Consistency for 3D OCT Segmentation from Sparse 2D Annotations

    Jul 20, 2026Tsubasa Konno, Takahiro Ninomiya, Yukun Zhou +6Multi-View ConsistencyOptical Coherence Tomography

    Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan · Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University · Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK +3

  16. OFD-Net: Teacher-Free Reliable Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentation with Orthogonal Feature Disentanglement Net of Foreground-Background

    Jul 18, 2026Shao-feng Jiang, Zhe-yang Jing, Qin Lu +4Representation DisentanglementSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China

  17. VCDP: Variation-Conditioned Distributional Proxy Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Jul 8, 2026Zimu Zhang, Yiheng Zhong, Zhuoru Zhang +4Prototype LearningSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    2Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China · 1Yale University, United States

  18. SHTA: Semantic Hard Token Correction and Center Alignment for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Jul 8, 2026Zhuoru Zhang, Yiheng Zhong, Zimu Zhang +1Semi-Supervised Medical Image SegmentationMedical Image Representation Learning

    Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China · Yale University, United States

  19. Beyond Random Sampling: Distribution-Aware Alignment for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Jul 5, 2026Weihao Yan, Yeqiang Qian, Yi Dong +1Data AugmentationData Selection

    School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

  20. SNR-Adaptive Unified Diffusion for Multi-Task Medical Image Segmentation

    Jul 3, 2026Jiahao Liu, Hang Wei, Shuai WuUnsupervised Domain AdaptationDomain Generalization

    School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University · School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University

  21. Embracing Intra-Class Heterogeneity for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation: From Diversity to Precision

    Jul 2, 2026Yuqi Liu, Yufei Chen, Wei Fu +2Prototype-Based LearningContrastive Learning

  22. Distilling Temporal Coherence into 2D Networks for Transrectal Ultrasound Prostate Video Segmentation

    Jun 30, 2026Dong Yeong Kim, JunGyu Lee, Jaewon Choi +5Ultrasound Image SegmentationVideo Object Segmentation

    Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University · Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital · Department of Artificial Intelligence, Yonsei University +1

  23. Dual Agreement Consistency Learning for Semi-Supervised Fetal Ultrasound Segmentation

    Jun 24, 2026Fangyijie Wang, Guénolé Silvestre, Ziyang Wang +1Ultrasound Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Research Ireland Centre for Research Training in Machine Learning · School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland · School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland +1

  24. μμMatch: Foundation Models for Semi-supervised Learning and Domain Adaptation in EM

    Jun 19, 2026Marei Freitag, Olesia Korchevaia, Luca Freckmann +2Electron MicroscopyUnsupervised Domain Adaptation

    Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Germany · Institute of Computer Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany

  25. ARTEMIS: Agent-guided Reliability-aware Temporal Mask Evolution for Imperfectly Supervised Video Polyp Segmentation

    Jun 18, 2026Tong Wang, Siwen Wang, Yaolei Qi +4Video Object SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu, China · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE · School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

  26. Beyond Visual Cues: CoT-Enhanced Reasoning for Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Jun 16, 2026Yuming Chen, Yuxin Xie, Tao Zhou +1CoT ReasoningSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China · Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China · Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

  27. CPS4: Class Prompt driven Semi-Supervised Spine Segmentation with Class-specific Consistency Constraint

    Jun 14, 2026Qingtao Pan, Hongzan Sun, Bing Ji +1VLM AdaptationText-Guided Image Segmentation

    School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China · Department of Computer and Data Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA · Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China +1

  28. Mutual Distillation of Dual-Foundation Models for Semi-Supervised PET/CT Segmentation

    Jun 14, 2026Fuyou Mao, Beining Wu, Yanfeng Jiang +5Cross-Modality Medical Image SegmentationMedical Imaging Foundation Models

    Central South University, Changsha 410083, China · Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China · Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China +1

  29. TopoPult-SSL: Gland-Mask-Free Cross-Device Meibomian Gland Segmentation via Self-Distilled Weak Clinical Priors

    Jun 3, 2026Nicolò Savioli, Luca Del TongoWeakly Supervised Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    OdaxAI Research | odaxai.com · Topcon Group — VISIA Imaging S.R.L.

  30. Quality-Guided Semi-Supervised Learning for Medical Image Segmentation

    Jun 1, 2026Kumar Abhishek, Ghassan HamarnehSemi-Supervised Medical Image SegmentationMedical Image Segmentation

    School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada