Medical Imaging

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Overview

Medical imaging research develops methods to extract useful information from X-rays, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET, endoscopy, and other clinical images. Common approaches include segmentation and detection networks, self-supervised and foundation-model pretraining, multimodal vision-language systems, and physics-based methods for image reconstruction and registration. These tools aim to support tasks such as finding lesions, measuring anatomy, generating reports, and guiding procedures, often with limited labels or privacy constraints. A central challenge is ensuring that performance generalizes across hospitals, scanners, and patient groups while providing reliable evidence for clinical decisions.

Latest papers

CardsList

255 papers18 papers in the last four weeks, down 38% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Zero-shot evaluation of open vision-language models as System 1 decision models on radiology tasks

    Nov 1, 2026Bradley J Erickson, Sara SalehiRadiology VLMsVLM Evaluation

    Mayo Clinic AI Laboratory Rochester, MN 55902 USA

  2. With foundation-model features, aggregator complexity does not improve cross-hospital discrimination in gastric whole-slide image classification

    Oct 30, 2026Nheng Vanchhay, Ali Hussain, Khan Ziaullah +14Histopathology Image ClassificationWhole-Slide Image Analysis

    College of AI Convergence, Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, u-AHRC, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. · Department of Pathology, Dankook University Hospital, 201 Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea. · Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea. +6

  3. BRIDGE: Learning Brain-Gut Metabolic Evidence for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

    Oct 29, 2026Pengli Zhu, Ruxi Chang, Tianliang Yao +7Alzheimer's Disease ClassificationMedical Imaging

    Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China · PET/CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, China

  4. MRI-to-CT Translation of Spinal Images via Anatomy-Guided Pseudo-Pairing and Adversarial Diffusion

    Oct 27, 2026Eduardo Nieto, Ibai Genua, Davide Scorza +1Medical Image SynthesisMedical Imaging

    Fundación Vicomtech, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain · R&D Department, Cyber Surgery, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain · eHealth Group, Bioengineering Area, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain

  5. Evaluating Federated Vision-Language and Vision-Only Models for Privacy-Aware Breast Cancer Imaging

    Oct 26, 2026Malithi Mithsara Wanniarachchi Kankanamge, Ning Yang, Sree Bash Debnath +2Medical ImagingMammography Image Classification

    School of Computing, Southern Illinois University, 1230 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, 62901, IL, USA. · Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, 60660, IL, USA. · Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, TX, USA.

  6. Acute Stroke Classification Using Asymmetric Data Standardization and Orthogonal-Focal Loss Optimized CNN-ViT Cross-Attention Fusion: A Multicenter External Validation Study

    Oct 25, 2026Tansel UyarMedical Image ClassificationMedical Imaging

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Başkent University, Ankara, 06790, Türkiye

  7. Accuracy Is Not Enough: An Efficiency- and Statistics-Aware Benchmark of ResNet50 and Vision Transformer for Explainable Multi-Class Gastrointestinal Diseases Classification

    Oct 25, 2026Akwasi AsareMedical Image ClassificationMedical Image Benchmarks

    Department of Research and Training, Centre for Medical and Agro Computing (C-MAC), Accra, Ghana · Department of Computer Science, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra, Ghana · PerceptronCare Lab.

  8. Investigating the trackability of landmarks in NBI and WLI

    Oct 23, 2026Jonas Below, Piermarco Gerli, Anna Jötten +5Point TrackingEndoscopy

    Institute of Medical Technology and Intelligent Systems, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany · Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany · LMU Klinikum, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Germany

  9. OPTARI: An open-source software framework for clinical translation of optoacoustic imaging

    Oct 23, 2026Moritz Schillinger, Maximilian Bader, Adrian Buehler +4Photoacoustic TomographyMedical Imaging

    Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health & School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Bioengineering Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany +4

  10. Privacy-Preserving Personalized Federated Learning (PPP-FL) for Medical Imaging

    Oct 20, 2026Md Morshedul Islam, Hossain Shahriar, Alfredo CuzzocreaFederated LearningTraining Data Reconstruction Attacks

  11. PCXR-Copilot: Device-aware pediatric chest radiographic analysis with segmentation, suppression, and edema-related cues

    Oct 18, 2026Xueyang Li, Alec Girten, Peng Zeng +6Medical ImagingMedical Image Segmentation

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. · Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. · Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. +1

  12. Untrained CNN and coefficient-space regularization for joint reconstruction in photoacoustic tomography

    Oct 16, 2026Alfio Bozi, Anwesa Dey, Souvik RoyPhotoacoustic TomographyImage Reconstruction

    Institut für Mathematik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 30, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. · Department of Mathematics, The University of Utah, John A. Widtsoe Building 155 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, 84112, Utah, USA. · Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, 411 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, 76019, Texas, USA.

  13. DeBoneDiT: Depth-Driven Conditional Bridge Diffusion Transformers for Bone Suppression in Chest X-Ray Images

    Oct 14, 2026Yifei Sun, Fenglei Fan, Junhao Jia +4Medical ImagingDiffusion Models for Image Restoration

    Zhejiang University · Hangzhou Dianzi University · City University of Hong Kong +2

  14. X-Ragent: Tool-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Evidence-Grounded Chest X-Ray Reasoning

    Oct 12, 2026Yi Wang, Zhenlong Yuan, Yuchan Guo +9Medical VLMsMedical Imaging

    Institute of Computing Technology · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Carnegie Mellon University +6

  15. Dense Endoluminal Mapping and Localisation from Monocular Bronchoscopy

    Oct 12, 2026Salvatore Esposito, Matias Mattamala, Daniel Rebain +4Simultaneous Localization and MappingEndoscopic 3D Reconstruction

    University of Edinburgh · University of British Columbia

  16. Robust Detection of Directional Adversarial Attacks in Deep Neural Networks for Radiological Imaging

    Oct 11, 2026Tristan Malatyński, Joanna Jaworek-KorjakowskaAdversarial Example DetectionAdversarial Attacks

    AGH University of Kraków, Poland Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence

  17. Automated carotid artery atherosclerotic inflammation segmentation in PET using MSR-Net

    Oct 11, 2026Ran Li, Abhinav K. Jha, Jie Zheng +8Medical Image SegmentationMedical Imaging

    Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, the United States · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, the United States · Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, the United States

  18. Knee3DVLM: Dual-Sequence Full-Volume Vision-Language Modeling for Comprehensive Knee MRI Assessment

    Oct 6, 2026Maryam Baizhigitova, Andrew Seohwan Yu, Po-Hao Chen +7Medical ImagingMedical Image Analysis

    Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA · Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA · Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA +1

  19. MedImageOSWorld: Benchmarking GUI Agents for Medical Image Consoles

    Oct 3, 2026Ziyang Long, Xinqi Li, Lujing Xing +1Medical AI AgentsGUI Agents

    Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA · University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA · Technical University of Munich +1

  20. Latent Score-Based Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound Estimation for High-Dimensional Imaging Systems

    Oct 2, 2026Evan Scope Crafts, Thomas Wynn, Seonyeong Park +2Photoacoustic TomographyBayesian Inverse Problems

    Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 · Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at UT Southwestern Medical Center · Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis +1

  21. Initial condition recovery in nonlinear damped viscous photoacoustic tomography using a convolutional neural network-guided gradient-free optimization framework

    Oct 1, 2026Madhu Gupta, Anwesa Dey, Prapti Tala +1Medical ImagingGradient-Free Optimization

    Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. · Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, UT, USA. · Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.

  22. Spatially Gated Diffusion for Localized Counterfactual Chest Radiograph Editing

    Sep 30, 2026Kamran Ullah Afaq, Basit RazaMedical ImagingText-Guided Image Editing

    COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan

  23. EndoPrior-GS: Dynamic Endoscopic Reconstruction with a Joint Texture Prior

    Sep 29, 2026Jiaqi Huang, Shidong Wang, Tong Xin +13D Gaussian SplattingMedical Imaging

    School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK · School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK

  24. Generative AI-Based Data Augmentation for Oral Lesion Classification: The PhotoMOCI Dataset and Benchmark

    Sep 28, 2026Marco Parola, Mario G. C. A. Cimino, Sabrina SenatoreSynthetic Data AugmentationMedical Imaging

    Aalborg University, Denmark. · University of Pisa, Italy. · University of Salerno, Italy.

  25. Atlases Are Already Inside: Recovering Population Templates from Pretrained Diffusion Models

    Sep 24, 2026Jian Shi, John Femiani, Peter WonkaDiffusion ModelsDiffusion Model Sampling

    KAUST · Miami University

  26. ConPro: Contrast Projection Pretraining for Label-Efficient Vessel Segmentation in DSA Sequences

    Sep 24, 2026Xinge Guo, Yuanhao Wang, Liqi Shu +2Medical ImagingSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Duke University, Durham, NC, USA · Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA · University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

  27. Recursive Uncertainty-Gated Image Registration for Learning-based Algorithms

    Sep 23, 2026Clara Rodrigo González, Oscar Bates, Fu Siong Ng +1Medical ImagingMedical Image Registration

    Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK · Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK · National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

  28. Lessons learned from deploying imaging AI with the open PACS-AI platform

    Sep 22, 2026Samuel Kadoury, Julie G. Hussin, Pascal Thériault-Lauzier +11Medical ImagingAI Governance

    Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada · Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada · Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada +14

  29. FleXray: Universal Clinical X-ray Segmentation

    Sep 22, 2026Victor Ion Butoi, Vivek Gopalakrishnan, John V. Guttag +2Medical ImagingMedical Image Segmentation

    MIT CSAIL · Massachusetts General Hospital · Harvard Medical School

  30. Anatomy-Decomposed Chest Computed Tomography (CT) Projections as Scalable Supervision for Bone Suppression in Chest Radiographs

    Sep 21, 2026Mrunmay Angaitkar, Piyush Kumar, Aarjav Satia +4Medical ImagingMedical Image Synthesis

    Qure.ai, Mumbai, India