Medical Imaging

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22 papers in the last four weeks, down 21% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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X-Ragent: Tool-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Evidence-Grounded Chest X-Ray Reasoning
Oct 12, 2026Yi Wang, Zhenlong Yuan, Yuchan Guo +9Medical VLMs Medical Imaging
Institute of Computing Technology · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Carnegie Mellon University +6
Dense Endoluminal Mapping and Localisation from Monocular Bronchoscopy
Oct 12, 2026Salvatore Esposito, Matias Mattamala, Daniel Rebain +4Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Endoscopy
University of Edinburgh · University of British Columbia
Robust Detection of Directional Adversarial Attacks in Deep Neural Networks for Radiological Imaging
Oct 11, 2026Tristan Malatyński, Joanna Jaworek-KorjakowskaAdversarial Example Detection Adversarial Attacks
AGH University of Kraków, Poland Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence
Automated carotid artery atherosclerotic inflammation segmentation in PET using MSR-Net
Oct 11, 2026Ran Li, Abhinav K. Jha, Jie Zheng +8Medical Image Segmentation Medical Imaging
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, the United States · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, the United States · Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, the United States
Knee3DVLM: Dual-Sequence Full-Volume Vision-Language Modeling for Comprehensive Knee MRI Assessment
Oct 6, 2026Maryam Baizhigitova, Andrew Seohwan Yu, Po-Hao Chen +7Medical Imaging Medical Image Analysis
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA · Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA · Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA +1
MedImageOSWorld: Benchmarking GUI Agents for Medical Image Consoles
Oct 3, 2026Ziyang Long, Xinqi Li, Lujing Xing +1GUI Agents Computer-Use Agent Benchmarks
Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA · University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA · Technical University of Munich +1
Latent Score-Based Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound Estimation for High-Dimensional Imaging Systems
Oct 2, 2026Evan Scope Crafts, Thomas Wynn, Seonyeong Park +2Bayesian Inverse Problems Computational Imaging
Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 · Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at UT Southwestern Medical Center · Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University in St. Louis +1
Initial condition recovery in nonlinear damped viscous photoacoustic tomography using a convolutional neural network-guided gradient-free optimization framework
Oct 1, 2026Madhu Gupta, Anwesa Dey, Prapti Tala +1Medical Imaging PDE Inverse Problems
Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. · Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, UT, USA. · Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
Spatially Gated Diffusion for Localized Counterfactual Chest Radiograph Editing
Sep 30, 2026Kamran Ullah Afaq, Basit RazaMedical Imaging Text-Guided Image Editing
COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
EndoPrior-GS: Dynamic Endoscopic Reconstruction with a Joint Texture Prior
Sep 29, 2026Jiaqi Huang, Shidong Wang, Tong Xin +13D Gaussian Splatting Medical Imaging
School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK · School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK
Generative AI-Based Data Augmentation for Oral Lesion Classification: The PhotoMOCI Dataset and Benchmark
Sep 28, 2026Marco Parola, Mario G. C. A. Cimino, Sabrina SenatoreSynthetic Data Augmentation Medical Imaging
Aalborg University, Denmark. · University of Pisa, Italy. · University of Salerno, Italy.
Atlases Are Already Inside: Recovering Population Templates from Pretrained Diffusion Models
Sep 24, 2026Jian Shi, John Femiani, Peter WonkaDiffusion Models Diffusion Model Sampling
KAUST · Miami University
ConPro: Contrast Projection Pretraining for Label-Efficient Vessel Segmentation in DSA Sequences
Sep 24, 2026Xinge Guo, Yuanhao Wang, Liqi Shu +2Medical Imaging Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA · Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA · University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Recursive Uncertainty-Gated Image Registration for Learning-based Algorithms
Sep 23, 2026Clara Rodrigo González, Oscar Bates, Fu Siong Ng +1Medical Imaging Medical Image Registration
Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK · Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK · National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Lessons learned from deploying imaging AI with the open PACS-AI platform
Sep 22, 2026Samuel Kadoury, Julie G. Hussin, Pascal Thériault-Lauzier +11Medical Imaging AI Governance
Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) and Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada · Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada · Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada +14
FleXray: Universal Clinical X-ray Segmentation
Sep 22, 2026Victor Ion Butoi, Vivek Gopalakrishnan, John V. Guttag +2Medical Imaging Medical Image Segmentation
MIT CSAIL · Massachusetts General Hospital · Harvard Medical School
Anatomy-Decomposed Chest Computed Tomography (CT) Projections as Scalable Supervision for Bone Suppression in Chest Radiographs
Sep 21, 2026Mrunmay Angaitkar, Piyush Kumar, Aarjav Satia +4Medical Imaging Medical Image Synthesis
Qure.ai, Mumbai, India
Mobile Imaging Solutions for Medical Diagnosis: Trends and Applications
Sep 21, 2026Syed Muhammad Ibne Zulfiker, Fariha Tabassum Islam, Md Sultanul Arifin +7Medical Imaging Medical Diagnosis
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada · University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA · Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA +6
Evaluating Transformation Models for pCLE Mosaic Registration
Sep 21, 2026Ahmed Aboelela, Johannes Barcsay, Jana Friedhof +3Medical Imaging Medical Image Registration
Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (CAIDAS), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany · Department of Internal Medicine II, Interventional and Experimental Endoscopy (InExEn), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany · Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic and Aesthetic Operations, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Towards Sustainable Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Insights from long-term, high-resolution energy recordings across an entire scanner fleet
Sep 21, 2026Florian Leonhard Raab, Fiona Mankertz, Nour Maalouf +17Medical Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Medical Image and Data Analysis (MIDAS.lab), Tübingen University Hospital · Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Tübingen University Hospital · Faculty of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen +1
Detection is solved, delineation is not: what governs tooth segmentation on panoramic radiographs
Sep 18, 2026Muhammad Rehan, Moaz Amjad, Syed Danial Ahmed +2Medical Image Segmentation Instance Segmentation
AI Dentify, Pakistan
Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-Preserving Kidney Stone Detection
Sep 17, 2026Najiyya Younas, Omar Abdulkader, Yaser Ali Shah +3Medical Imaging Privacy-Preserving ML
Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock 43600, Pakistan · Faculty of Computer Studies, Arab Open University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia · Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungdong University Global, Toseong-myeon 24764, South Korea. +1
AgenTeeth: A Model-Agnostic Framework for Suppressing Hallucination in Frozen Vision-Language Models on Dental X-Rays via Tool Evidence Injection
Sep 15, 2026Ahmed Rafid, Fariya Ahmed, Rumman Adib +3Radiology VLMs Vision-Language Models
Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh · Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
CapsuleMotion: A Lightweight Real-Time Visual Motion Predictor for Capsule Endoscopy
Sep 14, 2026Oliver Bause, Julia Werner, Oliver BringmannEndoscopy Medical Imaging
University of Tübingen, Faculty of Science, Department of Computer Science, Embedded Systems Group
Sharing standardized image-derived data in computational pathology using DICOM
Sep 13, 2026Daniela P. Schacherer, Christopher P. Bridge, David Clunie +13Computational Pathology Medical Imaging
Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany · Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA · Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA +9
Fusing Spectral Signatures and Activation Clustering for Backdoor Detection in Healthcare Imaging Models: Method, Implementation, and Evaluation
Sep 13, 2026Suresh TamangBackdoor Detection Medical Imaging
Graduate Researcher, Artificial Intelligence, University of the Cumberlands
A Voxel-Spacing-Aware Extension of PyRadiomics for Anisotropic Texture Analysis
Sep 12, 2026David Corral Fontecha, Juan Miranda Bautista, Pablo Menendez Fernández-Miranda +3Radiomics Medical Imaging
Department of Radiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain · Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain · Health Research Institute of the Jiménez Díaz Foundation, IIS-FJD, Madrid, Spain +5
A Dual Cross-Attention Framework for Colposcopic CIN Grading and Swede Score Prediction Using a New Multi-Center Dataset
Sep 11, 2026Dania Khan, Nuzhat Aisha Shaikh, Asfina Hassan Juicy +3Medical Imaging Cross-Attention
mHealth lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh · Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh · Center for Bioengineering Innovation and Design (CBID), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
LM-PCVMNet: Pediatric Cervical Vertebral Maturation Analysis with Deep Fusion of Landmarks and Metadata
Sep 11, 2026Peng Wang, Wanzhen Song, Anli Wang +3Medical Imaging Medical Image Classification
College of Cryptology and Cyber Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China · College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China · Haihe Lab of ITAI, Tianjin, 300350, China +1
An Ultra-Widefield Swept-Source OCTA Dataset and a Polar-Gated Mamba Network for Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Sep 11, 2026Yang Liu, Yibing Shen, Keming Zhao +12Medical Imaging Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518109, China · Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China +2

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X-Ragent: Tool-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Evidence-Grounded Chest X-Ray Reasoning

Yi Wang, Zhenlong Yuan, Yuchan Guo, Maolei Huang+8

Institute of Computing Technology · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Carnegie Mellon University+6

Medical VLMs Medical Imaging RL for Tool Use Agentic RL

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Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation often requires integrating visual findings with task-specific evidence rather than relying on direct visual recognition alone. While tool-augmented medical agents can supply such evidence via external modules, they often lack explicit mechanisms for learning when auxiliary evidence is needed and for preventing inapplicable quantitative evidence from entering diagnostic reasoning. To address this, we propose X-Ragent, a post-training framework for tool-augmented reinforcement learning that decouples learned auxiliary-evidence seeking from validity-gated quantitative measurement acquisition for evidence-grounded CXR reasoning. We construct Rad-CoT, a 7.7K-sample corpus combining causally ordered tool-augmented trajectories with report-style diagnostic reasoning, and use it to initialize Qwen3-VL-8B via agentic supervised fine-tuning (SFT). We then optimize the policy with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) using an accuracy-gated reward that applies process-level terms for measurement consistency and auxiliary-tool cost only to correct trajectories, preventing plausible process behavior from compensating for an incorrect diagnosis. Across three CXR benchmarks, X-Ragent achieves the strongest results, including an 8.6-point improvement on the fully held-out ChestAgentBench. By seeking evidence selectively and admitting only valid measurements, X-Ragent supports more faithful and evidence-grounded CXR reasoning.