Group Relative Policy Optimization

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Multi-Objective Policy Optimization

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Policy Gradient

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Flow-Grpo

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Controllable Molecular Generative Foundation Models
May 14, 2026Yihan Zhu, Yuhan Liu, Weijiang Li +2Molecular Generation Generative Models
ATLAS: Agentic or Latent Visual Reasoning? One Word is Enough for Both
May 14, 2026Ziyu Guo, Rain Liu, Xinyan Chen +1Latent Visual Reasoning Visual Reasoning
RAVEN: Real-time Autoregressive Video Extrapolation with Consistency-model GRPO
May 14, 2026Yanzuo Lu, Ronglai Zuo, Jiankang DengAutoregressive Video Diffusion Autoregressive Video Generation
Delta Forcing: Trust Region Steering for Interactive Autoregressive Video Generation
May 14, 2026Yuheng Wu, Xiangbo Gao, Tianhao Chen +4Autoregressive Video Generation Multi-Objective Policy Optimization
Reinforcement Learning with Semantic Rewards Enables Low-Resource Language Expansion without Alignment Tax
May 14, 2026Zeli Su, Ziyin Zhang, Zhou Liu +7Group Relative Policy Optimization Deep Reinforcement Learning
KVPO: ODE-Native GRPO for Autoregressive Video Alignment via KV Semantic Exploration
May 14, 2026Ruicheng Zhang, Kaixi Cong, Jun Zhou +5Autoregressive Video Generation Group Relative Policy Optimization
Self-Supervised On-Policy Reinforcement Learning via Contrastive Proximal Policy Optimisation
May 13, 2026Asim Osman, Sasha Abramowitz, Mark Bergh +13Proximal Policy Optimization Goal-Conditioned Policy
Q-Flow: Stable and Expressive Reinforcement Learning with Flow-Based Policy
May 13, 2026JaeHyeok Doo, Byeongguk Jeon, Seonghyeon Ye +2Flow-Based Policy Multi-Objective Policy Optimization
GRIP-VLM: Group-Relative Importance Pruning for Efficient Vision-Language Models
May 13, 2026Mingzhe Huang, Weijun Wang, Xin Ding +7Visual Token Pruning Large Vision Language Models
Teacher-Guided Policy Optimization for On-Policy Reasoning Distillation under Large Policy Divergence
May 13, 2026Xinyu Liu, Kechen Jiao, Chunyang Xiao +10On-Policy Distillation Multi-Objective Policy Optimization
GAGPO: Generalized Advantage Grouped Policy Optimization
May 13, 2026Siyuan Zhu, Chao Yu, Rongxin Yang +4Agentic Reinforcement-Learning Framework Group Relative Policy Optimization
ERPPO: Entropy Regularization-based Proximal Policy Optimization
May 13, 2026Changha Lee, Gyusang ChoProximal Policy Optimization Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
TEMPO: Temporal Enforcement via Mode-Separated Policy Optimization for Trustworthy LLM Backtesting
May 13, 2026Zeyu Zhang, Bradly C. StadieStructural Enforcement Multi-Objective Policy Optimization
F-GRPO: Factorized Group-Relative Policy Optimization for Unified Candidate Generation and Ranking
May 13, 2026Rohan Surana, Gagan Mundada, Junda Wu +9Reranking Group Relative Policy Optimization
Revisiting Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards from a Contrastive Perspective
May 13, 2026Feng Zhang, Xinhong Ma, Ziqiang Dong +5Group Relative Policy Optimization Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
AIS: Adaptive Importance Sampling for Quantized RL
May 13, 2026Jiajun Zhou, Wei Shao, Lingchao Zheng +2Adaptive Sampling Policy Gradient
Adaptive Smooth Tchebycheff Attention for Multi-Objective Policy Optimization
May 12, 2026Alejandro Murillo-Gonzalez, Mahmoud Ali, Lantao LiuConstrained Reinforcement Learning Trajectory Optimization
ODRPO: Ordinal Decompositions of Discrete Rewards for Robust Policy Optimization
May 12, 2026Nirmal Patel, Fei Wang, Inderjit S. DhillonMulti-Objective Policy Optimization Unified Evaluation
Driving Intents Amplify Planning-Oriented Reinforcement Learning
May 12, 2026Hengtong Lu, Victor Shea-Jay Huang, Chengmin Yang +4Group Relative Policy Optimization Vision-Language-Action Models
AlphaGRPO: Unlocking Self-Reflective Multimodal Generation in UMMs via Decompositional Verifiable Reward
May 12, 2026Runhui Huang, Jie Wu, Rui Yang +2Multimodal Generation Unified Multimodal Models
Beyond GRPO and On-Policy Distillation: An Empirical Sparse-to-Dense Reward Principle for Language-Model Post-Training
May 12, 2026Yuanda Xu, Hejian Sang, Zhengze Zhou +3Token-Level Supervision On-Policy Distillation
Not How Many, But Which: Parameter Placement in Low-Rank Adaptation
May 12, 2026Arijit Sehanobish, Charles LoveringLow-Rank Adaptation Adapters Gradient Concentration
Holder Policy Optimisation
May 12, 2026Yuxiang Chen, Dingli Liang, Yihang Chen +8Group Relative Policy Optimization Gradient Concentration
Towards Order Fairness: Mitigating LLMs Order Sensitivity through Dual Group Advantage Optimization
May 12, 2026Xu Chu, Guanyu Wang, Zhijie Tan +4Order Matters Large Language Model Bias
Delightful Gradients Accelerate Corner Escape
May 12, 2026Jincheng Mei, Ian OsbandPolicy Gradient Optimal Policies
GEAR: Granularity-Adaptive Advantage Reweighting for LLM Agents via Self-Distillation
May 12, 2026Sijia Li, Yuchen Huang, Zifan Liu +7Credit Assignment Group Relative Policy Optimization
Taming Extreme Tokens: Covariance-Aware GRPO with Gaussian-Kernel Advantage Reweighting
May 12, 2026Cheng Wang, Qin Liu, Wenxuan Zhou +1Group Relative Policy Optimization Reasoning Benchmark
TOPPO: Rethinking PPO for Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Critic Balancing
May 12, 2026Yuanpeng Li, Gefei Lin, Annie Qu +1Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning Proximal Policy Optimization
Robust Multi-Agent Path Finding under Observation Attacks: A Principled Adversarial-Plus-Smoothing Training Recipe
May 12, 2026Riad AhmedMulti-Agent Path Finding Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Drop the Act: Probe-Filtered RL for Faithful Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
May 12, 2026Swapnil Parekh, Naman GoyalChain-of-Thought Reasoning Explanation Faithfulness
Breaking $\textit{Winner-Takes-All}$ : Cooperative Policy Optimization Improves Diverse LLM Reasoning
May 12, 2026Haoxuan Chen, Tianming Liang, Wei-Shi Zheng +1Large Language Model Reasoning Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
fg-expo: Frontier-guided exploration-prioritized policy optimization via adaptive kl and gaussian curriculum
May 12, 2026Mingxiong Lin, Zhangquan Gong, Maowen Tang +6Group Relative Policy Optimization Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
Epistemic Uncertainty for Test-Time Discovery
May 11, 2026Kainat Riaz, Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin, Ahsan Bilal +5Epistemic Uncertainty Scientific Discovery
Newton's Lantern: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Finetuning AC Power Flow Warm Start Models
May 11, 2026Shourya Bose, Helgi Hilmarsson, Dhruv SuriAc Optimal Power Flow Newton
Power Reinforcement Post-Training of Text-to-Image Models with Super-Linear Advantage Shaping
May 11, 2026Haoyuan Sun, Jing Wang, Yuxin Song +9Text-To-Image Reinforcement Learning Post-Training
Revisiting Policy Gradients for Restricted Policy Classes: Escaping Myopic Local Optima with $k$ -step Policy Gradients
May 11, 2026Alex DeWeese, Guannan QuPolicy Gradient Optimal Policies
RubricEM: Meta-RL with Rubric-guided Policy Decomposition beyond Verifiable Rewards
May 11, 2026Gaotang Li, Bhavana Dalvi Mishra, Zifeng Wang +9Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning Rubrics
DGPO: Beyond Pairwise Preferences with Directional Consistent Groupwise Optimization
May 11, 2026Mengyi Deng, Zhiwei Li, Xin Li +4Direct Preference Optimization Group Relative Policy Optimization
Policy Gradient Methods for Non-Markovian Reinforcement Learning
May 11, 2026Avik Kar, Siddharth Chandak, Rahul Singh +4Markov Decision Processes Policy Gradient
MASS-DPO: Multi-negative Active Sample Selection for Direct Policy Optimization
May 11, 2026Rohan Surana, Xintong Li, Sheldon Yu +7Direct Preference Optimization Multi-Objective Policy Optimization
Natural Policy Gradient as Doubly Smoothed Policy Iteration: A Bellman-Operator Framework
May 11, 2026Phalguni Nanda, Zaiwei ChenPolicy Gradient Bellman Equation
Teacher-Aware Evolution of Heuristic Programs from Learned Optimization Policies
May 11, 2026Minyu Chen, Song Qin, Ling-I Wu +2Heuristics Evolutionary Search
LLM4Branch: Large Language Model for Discovering Efficient Branching Policies of Integer Programs
May 11, 2026Zhinan Hou, Xingchen Li, Yankai Zhang +2Mixed-Integer Programming Multi-Objective Policy Optimization
Relative Score Policy Optimization for Diffusion Language Models
May 11, 2026Zichao Yu, Shengze Xu, Bingqing Jiang +2Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward Diffusion Language Models
StreamPro: From Reactive Perception to Proactive Decision-Making in Streaming Video
May 11, 2026Ao Li, Zihan Xiao, Zihao Yue +7Streaming Video Proactive
expo: Exploration-prioritized policy optimization via adaptive kl regulation and gaussian curriculum sampling
May 11, 2026Mingxiong Lin, Zhangquan Gong, Maowen Tang +6Group Relative Policy Optimization Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Visual Continual Learning with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
May 10, 2026Meng Lou, Hanzhong Guo, Linwei Chen +1Catastrophic Forgetting Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
RePO-VLA: Recovery-Driven Policy Optimization for Vision-Language-Action Models
May 10, 2026Weijia Liufu, Xiaoyu Guo, Ruiyi Chen +16Multi-Objective Policy Optimization Long Rollouts
dFlowGRPO: Rate-Aware Policy Optimization for Discrete Flow Models
May 10, 2026Zhengyan Wan, Yidong Ouyang, Panwen Hu +1Generative Flow Networks Flow-Based Policy
CoDistill-GRPO: A Co-Distillation Recipe for Efficient Group Relative Policy Optimization
May 9, 2026Soo Min Kwon, Ziteng Sun, Ananda Theertha Suresh +2Group Relative Policy Optimization Flow-Grpo
Iterative Critique-and-Routing Controller for Multi-Agent Systems with Heterogeneous LLMs
May 9, 2026Wenzhi Fang, Liangqi Yuan, Guangchen Lan +2Multi-Agent Large Language Model Multi-Agent Systems
Flow-OPD: On-Policy Distillation for Flow Matching Models
May 8, 2026Zhen Fang, Wenxuan Huang, Yu Zeng +8Hierarchical Flow Matching Video-Text Alignment
Beyond Pairs: Your Language Model is Secretly Optimizing a Preference Graph
May 8, 2026Ning Liu, Chuanneng Sun, Kristina Klinkner +1Direct Preference Optimization Pairwise Preferences
Interactive Critique-Revision Training for Reliable Structured LLM Generation
May 8, 2026Fei Xu Yu, Zuyuan Zhang, Mahdi Imani +2Verifier Group Relative Policy Optimization
The Reciprocity Gradient
May 8, 2026Yue Lin, Pascal Poupart, Shuhui Zhu +5Policy Gradient Reputation
Reflective Prompted Policy Optimization: Trajectory-Grounded Revision and Salience Bias
May 8, 2026Rahaf Abu Hara, Vaibbhav Murarri, Claudio ZitoMulti-Objective Policy Optimization
POETS: Uncertainty-Aware LLM Optimization via Compute-Efficient Policy Ensembles
May 8, 2026Nicolas Menet, Andreas Krause, Abbas RahimiMulti-Objective Policy Optimization Thompson Sampling
Gradient Starvation in Binary-Reward GRPO: Why Group-Mean Centering Fails and Why the Simplest Fix Works
May 8, 2026Wenhua Nie, Jianan Wu, Junlin Liu +6Group Relative Policy Optimization Group
Model-Driven Policy Optimization in Differentiable Simulators via Stochastic Exploration
May 8, 2026Yuval Aroosh, Ayal TaitlerMulti-Objective Policy Optimization Efficient Exploration
Gradient-Based LoRA Rank Allocation Under GRPO: An Empirical Study
May 8, 2026Yash Ganpat SawantGradient-Free Rank Allocator Group Relative Policy Optimization

May 14, 2026 · cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Controllable Molecular Generative Foundation Models

Yihan Zhu, Yuhan Liu, Weijiang Li, Tengfei Luo+1

University of Notre Dame

Despite the success of foundation models in language and vision, molecular graph generation still lacks a unified framework for heterogeneous design tasks with reliable controllability. While reinforcement learning (RL) offers a natural post-training mechanism for task-specific optimization, applying it to graph generative models is hindered by the vast atom-wise action spaces and chemically invalid intermediate states. We propose \textbf{Co}ntrollable \textbf{Mole}cular Generative Foundation Models (CoMole), built with a unified motif-aware graph diffusion pipeline. By learning a motif-aware graph space, CoMole transfers pretrained structural priors into controllable generation, where RL optimizes conditional reverse policies over chemically meaningful decisions. We theoretically characterize the bottleneck of atom-level RL and justify motif-aware policy optimization. Across three heterogeneous benchmarks spanning materials and drug discovery, CoMole ranks first in controllability on all nine targets, reduces MAE by up to 48.2% relative to the strongest baselines, and maintains validity above 0.94 without rule-based correction or post-hoc filtering. We further show that CoMole transfers controllability to unseen properties by optimizing only task embeddings with the generator frozen, achieving performance competitive with strong task-specific baselines.

Molecular Generation Generative Models Graph Foundation Model Wireless Foundation Models Foundation Model Multi-Objective Policy Optimization Action Space

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