Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models

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13 papers in the last four weeks, up 18% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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The Attribution Blind Spot: Layerwise Trajectory Diagnostics for Source Reliance in Retrieval-Augmented Language Models
Oct 7, 2026Zhe Yu, Wenpeng Xing, Yunzhao Wei +4LLM Interpretability Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Zhejiang University · Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University · East China Normal University +3
Where's Waldo? Query-language Preference under Cross-lingual Knowledge Disparities
Sep 30, 2026Dayeon Ki, Ruochen Zhang, Silviu Cucerzan +2Multilingual Language Model Evaluation Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
University of Maryland · Microsoft
Can AI Scientists Change Their Minds? Prior-Evidence Conflict in Synthetic Universes
Sep 29, 2026Kargi ChauhanKnowledge Conflicts in Language Models Mechanistic Interpretability
University of California, Santa Cruz
Epistemic Policy Divergence in Multi-Turn LLM Contamination: A Protocol-Gradient Investigation
Sep 28, 2026Fahrell Giovanny, Geby Bayuningtyas, Sahrul Mukharom +1Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models Adversarial Attacks on LLMs
Independent Researcher, Tokyo, Japan · Independent Researcher, Jakarta, Indonesia · Department of Informatics, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, Indonesia
Positions Are Not Facts: The Mismatch Between KV Caches and Memory
Sep 27, 2026Changhai Zhou, Yuhua Zhou, Shiyang Zhang +5Knowledge Editing Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
Fudan University · Baidu · Zhejiang University +2
Reset Is Not Recovery: Evaluating Recoverability from False Conversational Context via Sycophancy Hysteresis
Sep 27, 2026Adi ShnaidmanLLM Sycophancy Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
University of Pennsylvania · Work conducted while affiliated with DeepKeep.
Persuaded, Not Informed: Incentive-Misaligned Witnesses Defeat In-Context Grounding
Sep 23, 2026Rahul BalakaviKnowledge Conflicts in Language Models Agent Evaluation
AmpUp Research
Rewired or Gated? How Instruction Tuning Shapes Knowledge-Conflict Circuits in LLMs
Sep 22, 2026Shubham Santosh Pandere, Gautam Ranka, Ritika Varshney +3Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Interpretability
IvLabs, VNIT
Memory vs. Context? Influential Factors of Factual Recall in Language Models
Sep 21, 2026Guilhem Fouilhé, Nicholas Asher, Philippe MullerPrompt Sensitivity Memorization in Language Models
IRIT ANITI · IRIT CNRS · IRIT Université de Toulouse
EviScope: Paired Counterfactual Evidence Diagnostics for Faithful and Efficient Grounded Language Models
Sep 15, 2026Suryadeep Singh DeswalCounterfactual Evaluation LLM Grounding
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee, India
CLEAR: Cross-Source Evidence Adjudication for Large Language Models in Medicine
Sep 14, 2026Shuai Wang, Yize Zhao, Qingyu ChenRetrieval-Augmented Generation Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA · Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Do LLMs Make More Mistakes If They Do Not Believe the Input Data?
Sep 8, 2026Peter Kochelka, Aleš Manuel Papáček, Vojtěch Dvořák +1LLM Evaluation Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics, Prague, Czech Republic
MeClear: Cooperative Game-Theoretic Attribution and Risk-Aware Memory Clearance for Long-Horizon LLM Agents
Sep 8, 2026Boyu Yang, Jiazheng Sun, Zilong Lu +3Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models Long-Horizon LLM Agents
College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China · School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Key Path Identification for Resolving Knowledge Conflicts via SAE-based Steering
Sep 8, 2026Wenbo Zhang, Zhongxiang Sun, Zhiguang Han +1Language Model Steering Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China · Nanyang Technological University
KC-Bench: A Dynamic Interactive Benchmark for Evaluating Knowledge Conflicts in LLM Agents
Sep 3, 2026Yaxing Lyu, Shengjie Zhou, Binbin Toh +2Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Agent Evaluation
1Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · 2The University of Hong Kong · 3Xiamen University Malaysia +1
Large Language Models in Resolving Contextual Knowledge Conflicts
Sep 2, 2026Xinye Yang, Zhenyang Liu, Ruisi Li +1Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Interpretability
1Northwestern University, Evanston, IL · 2New York University, New York, NY · 3Computer & Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
The Memory Trust Gap: Capability-Dependent Failures in Persistent-Memory Agents
Sep 1, 2026Jundong Hu, Shekar RamachandranKnowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Agent Memory
PayPal AI
Context-Grounding Gains Are Mediated by Pre-existing Machinery: Auditing GRPO, SFT, and DPO
Sep 1, 2026Prakhar Gupta, Vaibhav GuptaRL for Language Models LLM Grounding
University of Michigan · University of Waterloo
How Do Language Models Choose Between Context and Memory?
Sep 1, 2026Benjamin Shih, John Winnicki, Arianna CaoKnowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Interpretability
Stanford University · Perpetual Labs
Same Semantics, Different Outcome: On the Modality Robustness of Multimodal LLMs under Knowledge Conflict
Sep 1, 2026Jungyeon Lee, Yejin Yoon, Taeuk KimMultimodal Robustness Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Slow to See, Slow to Suppress: Understanding the Effects of Modality in Context-Memory Conflicts
Aug 31, 2026Athulith Paraselli, Etha Tianze Hua, Ellie PavlickVision-Language Models Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
Brown University
Whether LLMs Can Navigate Beliefs and Facts Depends on How You Phrase It
Aug 18, 2026Quang Minh Nguyen, Luis Frentzen SalimKnowledge Conflicts in Language Models Pragmatic Reasoning in Language Models
1KAIST · 2National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
When Detection Does Not Guarantee Resistance: Reasoning and Poisoned Context in RAG
Aug 17, 2026Mehrdad Ghassabi, Audrina Ebrahimi, Sadra Hakim +3Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models RAG Poisoning Attacks
University of Isfahan · University of Texas at Dallas · University of Windsor
Conflict and Congruency Effects in Large Language Models: In-Weight and In-Context Competition in a Verbal Conflict Task
Aug 11, 2026Xiaoyang Hu, Mike Angstadt, Shane Storks +5Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Interpretability
Department of Computer Science, Brown University · Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan · Weinberg Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Michigan +3
Decomposition-Induced Context-Memory Conflict: When Fact-Checking Pipelines Contradict Their Own Source Text
Aug 11, 2026Yu-Feng YenLanguage Model Decoding Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
Independent Researcher
LatticeMind: A Conflict-Aware Memory Primitive for Multi-Agent Systems
Aug 8, 2026Heng Zhou, Lian Zhang, Yutao Fan +5Multi-Agent LLM Systems Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
University of Science and Technology of China · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Shanghai AI Laboratory +2
EvoTrustRAG: Evolution-Aware Conflict Attribution and Evidence Handling for Reliable Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Aug 8, 2026Xi Nie, Hongwei Li, Shenghao Wu +3Retrieval-Augmented Generation Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Learning When to Trust via Selective Context Preference Optimization
Aug 6, 2026Xian Sun, Wei Chow, Yingshuo Wang +4Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Reliability
1Duke University · 2National University of Singapore · 3UC Berkeley +3
PURPOSE: Poisoning Conflict Resolution in RAG via Proxy-Fact-Grounded Updates
Aug 5, 2026Zijian Wang, Yubo Zhu, Muzhi Dong +7Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models RAG Poisoning Attacks
School of Computer Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China · State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Language Models Encode the Contextual Truth of Propositions
Aug 4, 2026Rupak Sarkar, Pritika Ramu, Rachel RudingerLLM Sycophancy Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
University of Maryland, College Park

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The Attribution Blind Spot: Layerwise Trajectory Diagnostics for Source Reliance in Retrieval-Augmented Language Models

Zhe Yu, Wenpeng Xing, Yunzhao Wei, Bo Yang+3

Zhejiang University · Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University · East China Normal University+3

LLM Interpretability Retrieval-Augmented Generation Causal Interventions in Language Models Activation Steering Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models

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A retrieval-augmented model can match a document without relying on it. Controlled knowledge conflicts make source choice observable and let us ask a second question that prediction alone cannot answer: which internal-state properties define useful intervention directions? We study paired hidden-state changes with Latent Trajectory Shift (LTS), a signed projection onto a training-fitted first principal component (PC1), and keep verified training exposure separate from behavioral source choice. Across the evaluated conflicts, state-change magnitude is often the stronger predictor, whereas signed PC1 is the stronger selective controller: equal-norm interventions change source preference while better preserving non-target behavior, and the frozen direction transfers across the tested datasets and aligned model pairs. A same-system OLMo study further combines positive choice and control results with inconclusive exposure detection at the achieved power. The central result is a separation: representations that diagnose what a model will choose need not be the representations that best control that choice.

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