Large Language Model Reinforcement Learning

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17 papers in the last four weeks, up 42% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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  1. Reinforcement Learning from Denoising Feedback

    May 25, 2026Qi He, Huan Chen, Ya Guo +3Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningDiffusion-Based Reinforcement Learning Methods

    Fudan University · Ant Group · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

  2. ARES: Automated Rubric Synthesis for Scalable LLM Reinforcement Learning

    May 22, 2026Xiaoyuan Li, Keqin Bao, Moxin Li +5Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningQuestion-Answer Pairs

    University of Science and Technology of China · Alibaba Group · National University of Singapore

  3. Reinforced Graph of Thoughts: RL-Driven Adaptive Prompting for LLMs

    May 21, 2026Manuel Noah Riesen, Peter Alfred von NiederhäusernLarge Language Model Reinforcement LearningLLM Reasoning Strategies

    School of Engineering and Computer Science Bern University of Applied Sciences Bern, Switzerland

  4. Value-Gradient Hypothesis of RL for LLMs

    May 20, 2026Arip Asadulaev, Daniil Ognev, Karim Salta +1Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningCritic-Free Reinforcement Learning

    MBZUAI · Independent

  5. Domain-Adaptable Reinforcement Learning for Code Generation with Dense Rewards

    May 20, 2026Erfan Aghadavoodi Jolfaei, Daniel Maninger, Abhinav Anand +2Code GenerationLlm-Driven Code Synthesis

    Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany · Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence (hessian.AI), Darmstadt, Germany · National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE, Darmstadt, Germany.

  6. Distribution-Aware Reward: Reinforcement Learning over Predictive Distributions for LLM Regression

    May 20, 2026Jungsoo Park, Hyungjoo Chae, Ethan Mendes +4Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningMoleculenet

    Georgia Institute of Technology · Allen Institute for AI

  7. Decomposing MXFP4 quantization error for LLM reinforcement learning: reducible bias, recoverable deadzone, and an irreducible floor

    May 19, 2026Xiaocan Li, Shiliang Wu, Zheng ShenLarge Language Model QuantizationLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Huawei Canada

  8. General Preference Reinforcement Learning

    May 18, 2026Muhammad Umer, Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin, Ahsan Bilal +5Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningPreference Alignment Learning

    Stanford University · The University of Oklahoma

  9. How Off-Policy Can GRPO Be? Mu-GRPO for Efficient LLM Reinforcement Learning

    May 17, 2026Minghao Tian, Yunfei Xie, Chen WeiLarge Language Model Reinforcement LearningFlow-Grpo

    Rice University

  10. Reinforcement Learning with Semantic Rewards Enables Low-Resource Language Expansion without Alignment Tax

    May 14, 2026Zeli Su, Ziyin Zhang, Zhou Liu +7Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLarge Language Model Alignment

    Minzu University of China · Ant Group · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +4

  11. Diagnosing Training Inference Mismatch in LLM Reinforcement Learning via a Zero-Mismatch Reference

    May 14, 2026Tianle Zhong, Neiwen Ling, Yifan Pi +5Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningTraining-Inference Mismatch

    ByteDance · The University of Virginia

  12. AIS: Adaptive Importance Sampling for Quantized RL

    May 13, 2026Jiajun Zhou, Wei Shao, Lingchao Zheng +2Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningAdaptive Sampling

    Huawei · The University of Hong Kong

  13. PriorZero: Bridging Language Priors and World Models for Decision Making

    May 12, 2026Junyu Xiong, Yuan Pu, Jia Tang +1Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningWorld Model Planning

    University of Science and Technology of China · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics +1

  14. Block-R1: Rethinking the Role of Block Size in Multi-domain Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Large Language Models

    May 12, 2026Yan Jiang, Ruihong Qiu, Zi HuangLarge Language Model Reinforcement LearningDiffusion Language Models

    The University of Queensland

  15. ReCrit: Transition-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Scientific Critic Reasoning

    May 11, 2026Wanghan Xu, Yuhao Zhou, Hengyuan Zhao +8CriticLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · This work was done during his internship at Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. +4

  16. Relative Score Policy Optimization for Diffusion Language Models

    May 11, 2026Zichao Yu, Shengze Xu, Bingqing Jiang +2Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningDiffusion Language Models

    University of Science and Technology of China · The Chinese University of Hong Kong · The University of Hong Kong

  17. Exploration-Driven Optimization for Test-Time Large Language Model Reasoning

    May 11, 2026Changhao Li, Yuchen Zhuang, Chenxiao Gao +4LLM Reasoning StrategiesLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Georgia Institute of Technology

  18. LEAD: Length-Efficient Adaptive and Dynamic Reasoning for Large Language Models

    May 10, 2026Songtao Wei, Yi Li, Zhikai Li +7Large Reasoning ModelsLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    University of Texas at Dallas · Emory University · University of Texas at Arlington +2

  19. DARE: Difficulty-Adaptive Reinforcement Learning with Co-Evolved Difficulty Estimation

    May 9, 2026Yang Zhou, Can Jin, Zihan Dong +7Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningAlignment-Aware Selection

    Rutgers University · Amazon · Washington University +1

  20. BubbleSpec: Turning Long-Tail Bubbles into Speculative Rollout Drafts for Synchronous Reinforcement Learning

    May 9, 2026Yuhang Xu, Kaibin Tian, Yang Tian +6Autoregressive RolloutLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    1Shanghai Jiao Tong University · 2Bytedance

  21. ReLibra: Routing-Replay-Guided Load Balancing for MoE Training in Reinforcement Learning

    May 9, 2026Chao Jin, Xinming Wei, Yinmin Zhong +6Load BalancingLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    School of Computer Science, Peking University · Independent Researcher

  22. Mid-Training with Self-Generated Data Improves Reinforcement Learning in Language Models

    May 8, 2026Aswin RRV, Jacob Dineen, Divij Handa +4Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLLM Reasoning Strategies

    Arizona State University · Google Cloud AI Research · Google DeepMind

  23. ExpThink: Experience-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Chain-of-Thought Compression

    May 8, 2026Tingcheng Bian, Yuzhe Zhang, Jing Jin +5Large Reasoning ModelsChain-of-Thought Reasoning

    1Baidu Inc. · 2Shenzhen University · 3Peking University +2

  24. Beyond Reasoning: Reinforcement Learning Unlocks Parametric Knowledge in LLMs

    May 8, 2026Wanli Yang, Hongyu Zang, Junwei Zhang +5LLM Reasoning StrategiesLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS

  25. DACA-GRPO: Denoising-Aware Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning in Diffusion Language Models

    May 8, 2026Amin Karimi Monsefi, Dominic Culver, Nikhil Bhendawade +4Diffusion-Based Reinforcement Learning MethodsDiffusion Language Models

    The Ohio State University · Apple

  26. A Systematic Investigation of RL-Jailbreaking in LLMs

    May 7, 2026Montaser Mohammedalamen, Kevin Roice, Reginald McLean +1Jailbreak AttacksLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (Amii), Edmonton, Canada.

  27. Can RL Teach Long-Horizon Reasoning to LLMs? Expressiveness Is Key

    May 7, 2026Tianle Wang, Zhaoyang Wang, Guangchen Lan +4LLM Reasoning StrategiesLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Purdue University · UNC Chapel Hill · Georgia Tech +1

  28. Nonsense Helps: Prompt Space Perturbation Broadens Reasoning Exploration

    May 7, 2026Langlin Huang, Chengsong Huang, Jinyuan Li +3Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLLM Reasoning Strategies

    Washington University in St. Louis

  29. Power Distribution Bridges Sampling, Self-Reward RL, and Self-Distillation

    May 6, 2026Akiyoshi Tomihari, Issei SatoUnsupervised On-Policy Self-DistillationLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Department of Computer Science, The University of Tokyo

  30. DGPO: Distribution Guided Policy Optimization for Fine Grained Credit Assignment

    May 5, 2026Hongbo Jin, Rongpeng Zhu, Zhongjing Du +4Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningCredit Assignment

    Peking University · SJTU · Tsinghua University

  31. Enhanced LLM Reasoning by Optimizing Reward Functions with Search-Driven Reinforcement Learning

    May 3, 2026Arash Ahmadi, Sarah Sharif, Yaser +1Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLLM Reasoning Strategies

    Mike · School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA · Intelligent Neuromorphic and Quantum Understanding for Innovative Research and Engineering (INQUIRE) Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA

  32. Segment-Aligned Policy Optimization for Multi-Modal Reasoning

    May 2, 2026Lei Gao, Zhuoming Li, Mengxi Jia +4Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningMultimodal Reasoning

    Fudan University · China Telecom Artificial Intelligence Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. · Southeast University +1

  33. Exploration Hacking: Can LLMs Learn to Resist RL Training?

    Apr 30, 2026Eyon Jang, Damon Falck, Joschka Braun +6Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningOffline Reinforcement Learning

    MATS · UC San Diego · Anthropic +1

  34. Kernelized Advantage Estimation: From Nonparametric Statistics to LLM Reasoning

    Apr 30, 2026Shijin Gong, Kai Ye, Jin Zhu +3Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLLM Reasoning Strategies

    School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China · Department of Statistics, London School of Economics and Political Science · School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham +2

  35. Relation Reasoning with LLMs in Expensive Optimization

    Apr 30, 2026Ye Lu, Bingdong Li, Aimin Zhou +1Optimization ModelingLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Shanghai Institute of Al for Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

  36. Addressing Performance Saturation for LLM RL via Precise Entropy Curve Control

    Apr 29, 2026Bolian Li, Yifan Wang, Yi Ding +3Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningEntropy Regularized Reinforcement Learning

    Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

  37. A Reproducibility Analysis of PO4ISR: Diagnosing and Mitigating Semantic Drift in LLM-Based Session Recommendation

    Apr 29, 2026Aditya Tiwari, Konduri Naga Lakshmi Rekha, Rajesh Kumar MundotiyaLLM Reasoning StrategiesLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    MATRA Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai Chhattisgarh, India 491002

  38. DORA: A Scalable Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning System for Language Model Training

    Apr 29, 2026Tianhao Hu, Xiangcheng Liu, Youshao Xiao +15Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLarge Language Model Training

    Meituan, China

  39. Thoughts-as-Planning: Latent World Models for Chain-of-Thoughts Optimization via Reinforcement Planning

    Apr 27, 2026Dong Liu, Yanxuan Yu, Ying Nian WuLarge Language Model PlanningLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    University of California, Los Angeles · Columbia University

  40. Bridging Reasoning and Action: Hybrid LLM-RL Framework for Efficient Cross-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue

    Apr 25, 2026Yangyang Zhao, Linfan Dai, Li Cai +2Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLLM Reasoning Strategies

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Changsha University of Science and Technology · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University · Text Computing and Cognitive Intelligence MOE Engineering Research Center, Guizhou University +2

  41. Process Supervision of Confidence Margin for Calibrated LLM Reasoning

    Apr 25, 2026Liaoyaqi Wang, Chunsheng Zuo, William Jurayj +2Confidence EstimationLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Johns Hopkins University

  42. Too Correct to Learn: Reinforcement Learning on Saturated Reasoning Data

    Apr 20, 2026Zhenwen Liang, Yujun Zhou, Sidi Lu +3Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningStochastic Exploration

    Tencent AI Lab · University of Notre Dame

  43. Reducing Credit Assignment Variance via Counterfactual Reasoning Paths

    Apr 20, 2026Fei Ding, Yongkang Zhang, Youwei Wang +1Credit AssignmentLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Alibaba Group · Tsinghua University

  44. LEPO: Latent Reasoning Policy Optimization for Large Language Models

    Apr 20, 2026Yuyan Zhou, Jiarui Yu, Hande Dong +4Efficient Latent ReasoningLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Tencent · Zhejiang University · Shanghai Jiao Tong University

  45. Easy Samples Are All You Need: Self-Evolving LLMs via Data-Efficient Reinforcement Learning

    Apr 19, 2026Zhiyin Yu, Bo Zhang, Qibin Hou +3Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLarge Language Model Training

    Peking University · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · Nankai University +1

  46. A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models under Data Scarcity: Challenges and Solutions

    Apr 19, 2026Zhiyin Yu, Yuchen Mou, Juncheng Yan +17Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLarge Language Model Training

    1Peking University · 2Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · 3National University of Singapore +6

  47. SPS: Steering Probability Squeezing for Better Exploration in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models

    Apr 18, 2026Yifu Huo, Chenglong Wang, Ziming Zhu +9LLM Reasoning StrategiesLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    1Northeastern University, Shenyang, China · 2CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Beijing, China · 3Independent Researcher, Beijing, China +1

  48. Freshness-Aware Prioritized Experience Replay for LLM/VLM Reinforcement Learning

    Apr 18, 2026Weiyu Ma, Yongcheng Zeng, Yan Song +4Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningPrioritized Experience Replay

    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) · Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation (CASIA) · AI Centre, Department of Computer Science, University College London +1

  49. Debate as Reward: A Multi-Agent Reward System for Scientific Ideation via RL Post-Training

    Apr 17, 2026Moein Salimi, Babak Hosseini Mohtasham, Amin Aghakasiri +6Scientific IdeationLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Sharif University of Technology · University of Tehran · Sharif University of Technology[cs.AI]

  50. LongAct: Harnessing Intrinsic Activation Patterns for Long-Context Reinforcement Learning

    Apr 16, 2026Bowen Ping, Zijun Chen, Tingfeng Hui +4Efficient Long-Context InferenceLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    1Peking University · 2Shanghai Jiao Tong University · 3Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

  51. Targeted Exploration via Unified Entropy Control for Reinforcement Learning

    Apr 16, 2026Chen Wang, Lai Wei, Yanzhi Zhang +5Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningReasoning Trajectory

    College of Software, Nankai University · Zhongguancun Academy · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +3

  52. TensorHub: Scalable and Elastic Weight Transfer for LLM RL Training

    Apr 10, 2026Chenhao Ye, Huaizheng Zhang, Mingcong Han +11Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningOffline Reinforcement Learning

    ByteDance Seed · University of Wisconsin–Madison

  53. RefineRL: Advancing Competitive Programming with Self-Refinement Reinforcement Learning

    Apr 1, 2026Shaopeng Fu, Xingxing Zhang, Li Dong +1Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningLLM Reasoning Strategies

    Work done during an internship at Microsoft Research · KAUST · Microsoft Research

  54. Dr. MAS: Stable Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Agent LLM Systems

    Feb 9, 2026Lang Feng, Longtao Zheng, Shuo He +2Multi-Agent Large Language Model SystemsLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

  55. rePIRL: Learn PRM with Inverse RL for LLM Reasoning

    Feb 8, 2026Xian Wu, Kaijie Zhu, Ying Zhang +2Process Reward ModelLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Meta AI · Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara · Independent Researcher +1

  56. The Optimal Token Baseline: Variance Reduction for Long-Horizon LLM-RL

    Feb 6, 2026Yingru Li, Jiawei Xu, Ziniu Li +10Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningVariance Reduction

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Fudan University · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology +4

  57. Rethinking the Design Space of Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Models: On the Importance of Likelihood Estimation Beyond Loss Design

    Feb 4, 2026Jaemoo Choi, Yuchen Zhu, Wei Guo +6Diffusion-Based Reinforcement Learning MethodsReward Gradients

    Georgia Institute of Technology · National University of Singapore · Nanjing university.

  58. VLM-Guided Experience Replay

    Feb 2, 2026Elad Sharony, Tom Jurgenson, Orr Krupnik +2Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningPrioritized Experience Replay

    Technion · ForSight Robotics · Nvidia Research

  59. HeaPA: Difficulty-Aware Heap Sampling and On-Policy Query Augmentation for LLM Reinforcement Learning

    Jan 30, 2026Weiqi Wang, Xin Liu, Binxuan Huang +13Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningPrompt Engineering

    Stores Foundational AI, Amazon Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST, Hong Kong SAR, China

  60. Teaching Models to Teach Themselves: Reasoning at the Edge of Learnability

    Jan 26, 2026Shobhita Sundaram, John Quan, Ariel Kwiatkowski +3Curriculum Reinforcement LearningSelf-Play

    1MIT · 2Meta FAIR · 3New York University