Large Reasoning Models

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Overview

Large reasoning models study how language models can solve difficult problems by allocating computation across intermediate steps, tools, and alternative solution paths. Common approaches include reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards, supervised reasoning-trace distillation, tool use, search over sequential or parallel paths, and latent recurrent computation. Evaluation spans mathematics, coding, science question answering, logic, and multimodal tasks, measuring not only accuracy but also compute use, robustness, and the quality of intermediate reasoning. A central tension is that extra thinking can help on hard problems but also produce loops, errors, and safety risks, so researchers are developing adaptive stopping and compression while testing whether reasoning traces reliably reflect how answers are formed.

Latest papers

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339 papers25 papers in the last four weeks, up 4% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. How to Fine-Tune a Reasoning Model? A Teacher-Student Cooperation Framework to Synthesize Student-Consistent SFT Data

    Mar 23, 2026Zixian Huang, Kaichen Yang, Xu Huang +6Synthetic Data Generation for Language ModelsSupervised Fine-Tuning

    Shanghai AI Laboratory · Dalian University of Technology · Nanjing University

  2. Lie to Me: How Faithful Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Reasoning Models?

    Mar 23, 2026Richard J. YoungCoT FaithfulnessFaithfulness of Language Model Explanations

    University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Management, Entrepreneurship and Technology, Lee Business School, Las Vegas, NV, USA · DeepNeuro AI, Las Vegas, NV, USA

  3. ROM: Real-time Overthinking Mitigation via Streaming Detection and Intervention

    Mar 23, 2026Xinyan Wang, Xiaogeng Liu, Ming Pei +1Early Stopping for Language Model ReasoningOverthinking in Language Models

    University of Wisconsin–Madison · Johns Hopkins University

  4. A transformer architecture alteration to incentivise externalised reasoning

    Mar 22, 2026Elizabeth Pavlova, Mariia Koroliuk, Karthik Viswanathan +3Efficient Language Model InferenceLarge Reasoning Models

    MARS · Geodesic Research, equal contribution · University of Amsterdam

  5. Reasoning Traces Shape Outputs but Models Won't Say So

    Mar 21, 2026Yijie Hao, Lingjie Chen, Ali Emami +1Large Reasoning ModelsFaithfulness of Language Model Explanations

    Emory University · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  6. Measuring Weak-to-Strong Legibility of Reasoning Models

    Mar 20, 2026Dani Roytburg, Shreya Sridhar, Daphne IppolitoLarge Reasoning ModelsLanguage Model Safety Evaluation

    Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States · Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States

  7. How Uncertainty Estimation Scales with Sampling in Reasoning Models

    Mar 19, 2026Maksym Del, Markus Kängsepp, Marharyta Domnich +4LLM Uncertainty EstimationUncertainty Quantification

    Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu

  8. Towards Safer Large Reasoning Models by Promoting Safety Decision-Making before Chain-of-Thought Generation

    Mar 18, 2026Jianan Chen, Zhifang Zhang, Shuo He +3LLM Safety AlignmentLarge Reasoning Models

    Southeast University, China · The University of Queensland, Australia · Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

  9. Temperature-Dependent Performance of Prompting Strategies in Extended Reasoning Large Language Models

    Mar 18, 2026Mousa Salah, Amgad MuneerLLM PromptingLLM Reasoning

    Department of Computer Engineering, Gujarat Technological University, India · The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, USA

  10. Decoding the Critique Mechanism in Large Reasoning Models

    Mar 17, 2026Hoang Phan, Quang H. Nguyen, Hung T. Q. Le +3Language Model Self-VerificationLarge Reasoning Models

    VinUni-Illinois Smart Health Center, VinUniversity · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  11. Brain-Inspired Graph Multi-Agent Systems for LLM Reasoning

    Mar 16, 2026Guangfu Hao, Yuming Dai, Xianzhe Qin +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Reasoning with Graphs

    Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA) · School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) · University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) +2

  12. Mitigating Overthinking in Large Reasoning Language Models via Reasoning Path Deviation Monitoring

    Mar 15, 2026Weixin Guan, Liang Li, Jiapeng Liu +6Overthinking in Language ModelsEfficient Language Model Reasoning

    Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · School of Cyberspace Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Jiangxi, China +1

  13. TERMINATOR: Learning Optimal Exit Points for Early Stopping in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

    Mar 13, 2026Alliot Nagle, Jakhongir Saydaliev, Dhia Garbaya +3Early Stopping for Language Model ReasoningEfficient Language Model Inference

    UT Austin · EPFL · ENS Paris-Saclay +1

  14. Efficient Reasoning with Balanced Thinking

    Mar 12, 2026Yulin Li, Tengyao Tu, Li Ding +5Efficient Language Model ReasoningLarge Reasoning Models

    Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) · Zhongguancun Academy · Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab +3

  15. Dynamics-Predictive Sampling for Active RL Finetuning of Large Reasoning Models

    Mar 11, 2026Yixiu Mao, Yun Qu, Qi Wang +2Prompt Selection for RLRL for Language Model Reasoning

    Department of Automation, Tsinghua University

  16. HEAL: Hindsight Entropy-Assisted Learning for Reasoning Distillation

    Mar 11, 2026Wenjing Zhang, Jiangze Yan, Jieyun Huang +7CoT DistillationLanguage Model Distillation

    Data Science & AI Research Institute, China Unicom · Unicom Data Intelligence, China Unicom

  17. Finding and Reactivating Post-Trained LLMs' Hidden Safety Mechanisms

    Mar 10, 2026Mingjie Li, Wai Man Si, Michael Backes +2LLM SafetyLLM Safety Alignment

    CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security · State Key Lab of General Artificial Intelligence, School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University · Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University

  18. CODA: Difficulty-Aware Compute Allocation for Adaptive Reasoning

    Mar 9, 2026Siye Wu, Jian Xie, Yikai Zhang +1Adaptive Reasoning in Language ModelsAdaptive Computation

    ♠Fudan University

  19. SmartThinker: Progressive Chain-of-Thought Length Calibration for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning

    Mar 9, 2026Chenzhi Hu, Qinzhe Hu, Yuhang Xu +6Efficient Language Model ReasoningLarge Reasoning Models

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Beihang University

  20. CoTJudger: A Graph-Driven Framework for Automatic Evaluation of Chain-of-Thought Efficiency and Redundancy in LRMs

    Mar 7, 2026Siyi Li, Jiajun Shi, Shiwen Ni +9LLM EvaluationEfficient Language Model Reasoning

    University of Science and Technology of China · Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS · ByteDance SEED +6

  21. Cluster-R1: Large Reasoning Models Are Instruction-following Clustering Agents

    Mar 6, 2026Peijun Qing, Puneet Mathur, Nedim Lipka +5ClusteringUnsupervised Clustering

    Dartmouth College, USA · Adobe Research, San Jose, USA

  22. Reasoning Models Struggle to Control their Chains of Thought

    Mar 5, 2026Chen Yueh-Han, Robert McCarthy, Bruce W. Lee +5CoT MonitoringLarge Reasoning Models

    NYU, MATS · UCL, MATS · UPenn, MATS +2

  23. Recursive Think-Answer Process for LLMs and VLMs

    Mar 2, 2026Byung-Kwan Lee, Youngchae Chee, Yong Man RoEfficient Language Model ReasoningLLM Self-Refinement

    KAIST

  24. Learning Structured Reasoning via Tractable Trajectory Control

    Mar 2, 2026Po-Nien Kung, Zhen Yang, Jeffrey Luo +7Structured Reasoning in Language ModelsRL for Language Model Reasoning

    University of California, Los Angeles · Apple

  25. Draft-Thinking: Learning Efficient Reasoning in Long Chain-of-Thought LLMs

    Feb 28, 2026Jie Cao, Tianwei Lin, Juekai Lin +7Efficient Language Model ReasoningCoT Reasoning

    Zhejiang University · Tencent

  26. Stepwise Penalization for Length-Efficient Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

    Feb 27, 2026Xintong Li, Sha Li, Rongmei Lin +10Efficient Language Model ReasoningRL for Language Model Reasoning

    University of California, San Diego · Amazon

  27. From Leaky Thoughts to Private Reasoning: Controlling What LRMs Say to Themselves

    Feb 27, 2026Haritz Puerto, Haonan Li, Xudong Han +2Large Reasoning ModelsPrivacy Leakage in Language Models

    Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab (UKP Lab), Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt and National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE, Germany · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE · LibrAI

  28. Know What You Know: Metacognitive Entropy Calibration for Verifiable RL Reasoning

    Feb 26, 2026Qiannian Zhao, Chen Yang, Jinhao Jing +5RL for Language Model ReasoningLarge Reasoning Models

  29. RAIN-Merging: A Gradient-Free Method to Enhance Instruction Following in Large Reasoning Models with Preserved Thinking Format

    Feb 26, 2026Zhehao Huang, Yuhang Liu, Baijiong Lin +5Instruction FollowingLanguage Model Merging

    Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recoginition, School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · MoE Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing (Shanghai)

  30. Transcoder Adapters for Reasoning-Model Diffing

    Feb 24, 2026Nathan Hu, Jake Ward, Thomas Icard +1LLM InterpretabilityLarge Reasoning Models

    Stanford University · MATS