Token-Level Uncertainty

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Token-Level Uncertainty

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Tokenization

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Latent Reasoning Tokens

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Token Communications

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Byte-Pair Encoding

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Subword Tokenization

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473 papers

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BrickAnything: Geometry-Conditioned Buildable Brick Generation with Structure-Aware Tokenization
May 25, 2026Zhengyang Ni, Feng Yan, Yu Guo +1Building Blocks Geometric Reconstruction
Lngram: N-gram Conditional Memory in Latent Space
May 24, 2026Yunao Zheng, Guoyang Xia, Xiaojie Wang +1N$-Grams Features Graph Language Models
The Tokenizer Tax Across 25 European Languages: Domain Invariance, Cross-Lingual Few-Shot Effects, and the Ukrainian Penalty
May 23, 2026Volodymyr OvcharovSubword Tokenization Tokenization
Reasoning to Align: Implicit Reasoning in Diffusion Transformers for Video Editing
May 23, 2026Yan Li, Lin Liu, Xiaopeng Zhang +1Video Editing Pre-Trained Video Diffusion Models
CSP-Atlas: Concept-Specific Neural Circuits in a Sparse Python Transformer
May 23, 2026Piotr WilamCircuits Discrete Tokens
Good Token Hunting: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Token Selection for Visual Geometry Transformers
May 22, 2026Shuhong Zheng, Michael Oechsle, Erik Sandström +3Self-Supervised Vision Transformers 3D Scene Understanding
Vision Transformers Need Better Token Interaction
May 22, 2026Linxiang SuVision Transformer Dense Prediction
Every Component is a Lookup: Token Attribution and Composition from a Single Decomposition
May 22, 2026Po-Kai Chen, Niki van Stein, Aske PlaatTransformer Attention Transformer Architectures
The Efficiency Frontier: A Unified Framework for Cost-Performance Optimization in LLM Context Management
May 21, 2026Binqi Shen, Lier Jin, Hanyu Cai +2Context Compression Token Communications
Learnability-Informed Fine-Tuning of Diffusion Language Models
May 21, 2026Shubham Parashar, Atharv Chagi, Jacob Helwig +5Diffusion Language Models Discrete Tokens
Tokenisation via Convex Relaxations
May 21, 2026Jan Tempus, Philip Whittington, Craig W. Schmidt +2Tokenization Token-Level Uncertainty
Tokenization with Split Trees
May 21, 2026Craig W. Schmidt, Michael Krumdick, Adam Wiemerslage +4Tokenization Subword Tokenization
Lost in Tokenization: Fundamental Trade-offs in Graph Tokenization for Transformers
May 21, 2026Maya Bechler-Speicher, Gilad Yehudai, Gil Harari +3Tokenization Expressivity
Towards Explainability of SLMs by investigating Token Level Activation
May 21, 2026Sayantani Ghosh, Rajashik Datta, Amit Kumar Das +1Model Activations Token-Level Uncertainty
Hallucination as Commitment Failure: Larger LLMs Misfire Despite Knowing the Answer
May 21, 2026Jewon Yeom, Jaewon Sok, Heejun Kim +3Large Language Model Hallucination Hallucinations
Probabilistic Attribution For Large Language Models
May 20, 2026Shilpika Shilpika, Carlo Graziani, Bethany Lusch +2Token-Level Uncertainty Instability
X-Token: Projection-Guided Cross-Tokenizer Knowledge Distillation
May 20, 2026Sharath Turuvekere Sreenivas, Adithyakrishna Venkatesh Hanasoge, Mingyu Yang +4Multi-Teacher Distillation Teacher
Ablate-to-Validate: Are Vision-Language Models Really Using Continuous Thought Tokens?
May 20, 2026Tianyi Zhang, Mahtab Bigverdi, Ranjay KrishnaLatent Reasoning Tokens Vision-Language
Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via Causal Route Gating
May 20, 2026Zhe Cheng, Wenyu Chen, Fode Zhang +1Large Vision Language Models Large Language Model Hallucination
TONIC: Token-Centric Semantic Communication for Task-Oriented Wireless Systems
May 20, 2026Sige Liu, Kezhi WangSemantic Communications Wireless Networks
JFAA: Technical Report for the EPIC-KITCHENS-100 Action Anticipation Challenge at EgoVis 2026
May 20, 2026Qiaohui Chu, Haoyu Zhang, Yisen Feng +4Next Activity Prediction Foresight
When Do LLMs Reason? A Dynamical Systems View via Entropy Phase Transitions
May 20, 2026Wei Xia, Haoqing Wang, Zhi-Hong Deng +1Large Language Model Reasoning LLM Inference Efficiency
GEM: GPU-Variability-Aware Expert to GPU Mapping for MoE Systems
May 19, 2026Sourish Wawdhane, Avinash Kumar, Poulami DasMixture-Of-Expert Inference Mixture-of-Experts Models
Structured Layout Priors for Robust Out-of-Distribution Visual Document Understanding
May 19, 2026Peter El Hachem, Ahmed Nassar, A. Said Gurbuz +2Visual Document Retrieval Discrete Tokens
Forecasting Downstream Performance of LLMs With Proxy Metrics
May 18, 2026Arkil Patel, Siva Reddy, Marius Mosbach +1Cross-Entropy Losses Token-Level Uncertainty
Estimating Item Difficulty with Large Language Models as Experts
May 18, 2026Diana Kolesnikova, Kirill Fedyanin, Abe D. Hofman +2Item Response Theory Mean Opinion Scores
Improving BM25 Code Retrieval Under Fixed Generic Tokenization: Adaptive q-Log Odds as a Drop-In BM25 Fix
May 18, 2026Santosh Kumar Radha, Oktay GoktasTerm Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency Token-Level Uncertainty
What's Holding Back Latent Visual Reasoning?
May 18, 2026André G. Viveiros, Nuno Gonçalves, André F. T. Martins +1Latent Visual Reasoning Latent Reasoning Tokens
Vision Foundation Models as Generalist Tokenizers for Image Generation
May 18, 2026Anlin Zheng, Qi Han, Xin Wen +5Visual Tokens Image Generation
SomaliWeb v1: A Quality-Filtered Somali Web Corpus with a Matched Tokenizer and a Public Language-Identification Benchmark
May 18, 2026Khalid Yusuf DahirText Corpora Low-Resource Languages
WinTok: A Win-Win Hybrid Tokenizer via Decomposing Visual Understanding and Generation with Transferable Tokens
May 18, 2026Yiwei Guo, Shaobin Zhuang, Zhipeng Huang +4Visual Tokens Tokenization
Computational Challenges in Token Economics: Bridging Economic Theory and AI System Design
May 17, 2026Ou Wu, Yingjun DengArtificial Intelligence Infrastructure Economies
Learning Faster with Better Tokens: Parameter-Efficient Vocabulary Adaptation for Specialized Text Summarization
May 17, 2026Gunjan Balde, Soumyadeep Roy, Mainack Mondal +1Large Language Model Adaptation Summarization
Roll Out and Roll Back: Diffusion LLMs are Their Own Efficiency Teachers
May 16, 2026Fanqin Zeng, Feng Hong, Geng Yu +6Diffusion Language Models Image Denoising
Echoes in Filter Bubble: Diagnosing and Curing Popularity Bias in Generative Recommenders
May 16, 2026Jun Yin, Bangguo Zhu, Peng Huo +5Large-Scale Recommendation Systems Sequential Recommendation
Confidence Geometry Reveals Trace-Level Correctness in Large Language Model Reasoning
May 16, 2026Shuo Liu, Ding Liu, Shi-Ju RanLarge Language Model Uncertainty Large Language Model Reasoning
TTE-Flash: Accelerating Reasoning-based Multimodal Representations via Think-Then-Embed Tokens
May 15, 2026Jianpeng Cheng, Xian Wu, Jiangfan Zhang +10Multimodal Embeddings Latent Reasoning Tokens
Hypergraph Pattern Machine: Compositional Tokenization for Higher-Order Interactions
May 15, 2026Kyrie Zhao, Zehong Wang, Tianyi Ma +5Hypergraphs Drug-Drug Interactions
Multi-Level Contextual Token Relation Modeling for Machine-Generated Text Detection
May 15, 2026Chenwang Wu, Yiuming Cheung, Bo Han +2Machine-Generated Text Detection Text Generation
Modeling Music as a Time-Frequency Image: A 2D Tokenizer for Music Generation
May 15, 2026Yuqing Cheng, Xingyu Ma, Guochen Yu +1Audio Tokens Music Generation
Identifiable Token Correspondence for World Models
May 15, 2026Youngin Kim, Ray Sun, Inho Kim +2Latent Reasoning Tokens World Models
ATLAS: Agentic or Latent Visual Reasoning? One Word is Enough for Both
May 14, 2026Ziyu Guo, Rain Liu, Xinyan Chen +1Latent Visual Reasoning Visual Reasoning
Eradicating Negative Transfer in Multi-Physics Foundation Models via Sparse Mixture-of-Experts Routing
May 14, 2026Ellwil Sharma, Arastu SharmaFluid Dynamics Mixture-of-Experts Models
Exploring Vision-Language Models for Online Signature Verification: A Zero-Shot Capability Study
May 14, 2026Marta Robledo-Moreno, Ruben Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben Tolosana +1Online Signature Verification Large Vision Language Models
Resolving Action Bottleneck: Agentic Reinforcement Learning Informed by Token-Level Energy
May 14, 2026Langzhou He, Junyou Zhu, Yue Zhou +7Agentic Reinforcement-Learning Framework Token-Level Uncertainty
A Calculus-Based Framework for Determining Vocabulary Size in End-to-End ASR
May 14, 2026Sunil Kumar KopparapuAutomatic Speech Recognition Systems Vocabulary Expansion
Good to Go: The LOOP Skill Engine That Hits 99% Success and Slashes Token Usage by 99% via One-Shot Recording and Deterministic Replay
May 14, 2026Xiaohua Wang, Kai Yu, XuXiao Liang +2Agent Loop Token Communications
ENSEMBITS: an alphabet of protein conformational ensembles
May 13, 2026Kaiwen Shi, Carlos OliverProtein Data Bank Conformational Ensembles
Identifying AI Web Scrapers Using Canary Tokens
May 13, 2026Steven Seiden, Triss Ren, Caroline Zhang +3Online Data Selection Language Model Evasion Attacks
Reward-Weighted On-Policy Distillation with an Open Property-Equivalence Verifier for NL-to-SVA Generation
May 13, 2026Qingyun Zou, Yingze Li, Tianen Liu +2Systemverilog Assertions Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
Effective Context in Transformers: An Analysis of Fragmentation and Tokenization
May 13, 2026Amirmehdi Jafari Fesharaki, Mohammadamin Rami, Aslan TchamkertenTokenization Transformer Architectures
Pretraining Language Models with Subword Regularization: An Empirical Study of BPE Dropout in Low-Resource NLP
May 13, 2026Ruan Visser, Trienko Grobler, Marcel DunaiskiSubword Tokenization Model Pretraining
TokAlign++: Advancing Vocabulary Adaptation via Better Token Alignment
May 13, 2026Chong Li, Yingzhuo Deng, Wen Yang +2Tokenization C++
Teacher-Guided Policy Optimization for On-Policy Reasoning Distillation under Large Policy Divergence
May 13, 2026Xinyu Liu, Kechen Jiao, Chunyang Xiao +10On-Policy Distillation Multi-Objective Policy Optimization
Does language matter for spoken word classification? A multilingual generative meta-learning approach
May 13, 2026Batsirayi Mupamhi Ziki, Louise Beyers, Ruan van der MerweMultilingual Language Models English
TruncProof: A Guardrail for LLM-based JSON Generation under Token-Length Constraints
May 13, 2026Yoshio Kato, Shuhei TarashimaLarge Language Model Generation Discrete Tokens
Scaling few-shot spoken word classification with generative meta-continual learning
May 13, 2026Louise Beyers, Batsirayi Mupamhi Ziki, Ruan van der MerweFew-Shot Learning Subword Tokenization
Correcting Influence: Unboxing LLM Outputs with Orthogonal Latent Spaces
May 12, 2026Shixing Yu, Promit Ghosal, Kyra GanToken-Level Uncertainty Large Language Model Output
TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching
May 12, 2026Truong Nguyen, Tien-Phat Nguyen, Linh Ngo Van +3Direct Preference Optimization Token-Level Uncertainty
Holder Policy Optimisation
May 12, 2026Yuxiang Chen, Dingli Liang, Yihang Chen +8Group Relative Policy Optimization Gradient Concentration

May 25, 2026 · cs.AIJ/K move · Enter open · S save

BrickAnything: Geometry-Conditioned Buildable Brick Generation with Structure-Aware Tokenization

Zhengyang Ni, Feng Yan, Yu Guo, Fei Wang

Xi’an Jiaotong University · State Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Hybrid Augmented Intelligence · Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

Generating physically buildable brick structures from 3D shapes requires more than geometric reconstruction: the output must also satisfy discrete part constraints and structural stability. Existing brick generation methods either rely on heuristic optimization, which can break down when the target 3D shape does not admit a feasible structure under predefined constraints, or generate brick sequences without explicitly modeling the underlying 3D geometry and assembly relations. In this work, we present BrickAnything, a geometry-conditioned autoregressive framework for generating buildable brick structures from diverse 3D representations. BrickAnything uses point clouds as a unified geometric interface and predicts brick sequences that reconstruct the target shape under assembly constraints. To model structural dependencies among bricks, we introduce a structure-aware tree tokenization, which represents brick structures through local attachment relations. This formulation makes sequence generation more consistent with the physical construction process, and reduces invalid intermediate states. We further introduce preference-based alignment post-training, validity-constrained decoding and adaptive rollback to improve buildability objectives such as stability and geometric fidelity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that BrickAnything produces geometrically faithful and physically realizable brick structures, and that the proposed tokenization effectively reduces rollback and regeneration compared with conventional ordering strategies.

Building Blocks Geometric Reconstruction Craft 3D Representation Tokenization Autoregressive Model

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