Two-Sample Testing

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9 papers in the last four weeks, against 2 the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. Two-Sample Testing via Path-based Inference

    Oct 5, 2026Eshant English, Wei-Cheng Lai, Yanfeng Yang +3Two-Sample Testing

    The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan · Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Germany · Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Japan +3

  2. The Price of Correlated Tests: How Strict Should a Model Release Gate Be?

    Oct 1, 2026Marco PollanenReleaseGating

    Department of Mathematics & Statistics Trent University Peterborough, ON, Canada

  3. Always-On Experimentation

    Sep 30, 2026Ricardo J. Sandoval, David Arbour, Avi Feller +1Two-Sample TestingControlled Study

    University of California, Berkeley · Adobe Research · Inria, Paris

  4. ICMAPE: In-Context Multiagent Pure Exploration

    Sep 27, 2026Xinyi Hu, Alessio Russo, Aldo PacchianoMulti-Agent PlanningStochastic Exploration

    Boston University · Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

  5. Two-Sample Testing for Inhomogeneous Random Graphs in Non-Integral LrL_r Norms

    Sep 27, 2026Soham DanInhomogeneous Random GraphsTwo-Sample Testing

  6. Augmented Hypothesis Testing with Persona-Based LLM Simulations

    Sep 21, 2026Ziyad Benomar, Aymen Al Marjani, Paul Missault +1Two-Sample TestingUser Simulation

    Amazon Luxembourg, Luxembourg · Amazon Barcelona, Spain

  7. Probabilistic Modelling of Operational Design Domains, A New Approach for Testing AI Systems

    Sep 21, 2026Hans-Werner WiesbrockProbabilistic ModelOntology

    ITPower Solutions GmbH Kolonnenstrasse 26 10829 Berlin, Germany

  8. Predictive Likelihood Ratios for Language Model Watermark Detection

    Sep 14, 2026Li MaLarge Language Model WatermarksTwo-Sample Testing

    Department of Statistics and Data Science Institute, University of Chicago

  9. Everything in Moderation: Per-Domain Coverage Optima and Alignment-Resistant Domain Gaps in Multi-Domain Mid-Training

    Sep 8, 2026Yunpeng Xu, Kun ZhengDistributional AlignmentLong-Run Coverage Guarantees

  10. The Art of Hierarchical Competing Patterns: Gaussian Process Optimization of Hyphenation

    Sep 7, 2026Ondřej Sojka, Petr SojkaGeneral Grid Search FrameworkPrompt Optimization

    Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University · Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

  11. Deciding When to Switch: E-Processes for Adaptive Minimax Training for Generative Adversarial Nets

    Aug 10, 2026Hyunjoo Kim, Sicheng Wu, Agastya Venkatraman +2Generative Adversarial NetworkStable Test-Time Adaptation

    Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University · Department of Mathematics, Purdue University · Department of Computer Science, Purdue University

  12. From Approachability Residuals to Anytime-Valid Evidence: The Online Convex Geometry of Testing by Betting

    Aug 10, 2026Jinze ZhaoTwo-Sample TestingFinite Time Analysis

    University of California, San Diego

  13. Fisher-R1: Training LLM Agents for Reliable Hypothesis Testing

    Aug 7, 2026Jiacheng Miao, Jin Mu, Guanhua Chen +1Two-Sample TestingLarge Language Model Agents

    Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University · Department of Genetics, Stanford University · Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison +3

  14. NxN E-valuation: Hypothesis Certification via a Conformal CRT Null

    Aug 6, 2026Bin Wang, Yan Zhong, Liang Luo +2HypothesisTwo-Sample Testing

    Meta

  15. Hypothesis Testing with Conditional Queries: Learnability and the Value of Interaction

    Aug 6, 2026Zonghuan XuO(\Bar{K}\Log N)$Two-Sample Testing

    Fudan University

  16. Automatic Statistical Test for Rationally Expressible Algorithms by Selective Inference, with Applications to Feature Selection

    Aug 5, 2026Teruyuki Katsuoka, Tomohiro Shiraishi, Shuichi Nishino +1Feature SelectionTwo-Sample Testing

    Nagoya University · RIKEN

  17. Local verification cannot detect non-transportability: a cohomological theory of context preservation in agentic reasoning

    Aug 4, 2026Suyash MishraSelf-VerificationAgentic Reasoning

    AI researcher, Zürich, Switzerland

  18. How fine a change can moments see? A scale law for detecting distribution shift, with a kernel calibration rule

    Aug 2, 2026Adel KalechePersistent HomologyTwo-Sample Testing

    Independent researcher, France

  19. Single Canonical Prompts Underestimate LLM Safety's Surface-Form Sensitivity

    Aug 1, 2026Yongxi Zhou, Junwei Yao, Yuanzhe Liu +4Large Language Model SafetyUnsafe

    1Northeastern University, Massachusetts, USA · 2Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA · University of Southern California, California, USA

  20. FILLER: Feature Imputation via Latent Location Exploration and Retrieval

    Jul 25, 2026Santu Mondal, Chayan Maitra, Rajat K. DeImputationInpainting

    Machine Intelligence Unit Indian Statistical Institute 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road Kolkata 700108

  21. Zero-Flow Two-Sample Tests

    Jul 23, 2026Yakun Wang, Leyang Wang, Song Liu +1Two-Sample Testing

    University of Bristol · RIKEN AIP · University of Tokyo & RIKEN AIP

  22. Non-Asymptotic Best Policy Identification Guarantees in Online Reinforcement Learning

    Jul 19, 2026Joseph Lazzaro, Alessio Russo, Aldo PacchianoOptimal PoliciesMarkov Decision Processes

    Imperial College London · Boston University · Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

  23. Testing Distributions Against Bounded Distinguishers

    Jul 17, 2026Mark Bun, Rathin Desai, Renato Ferreira PintoIndistinguishabilityTwo-Sample Testing

    Boston University · Columbia University

  24. ASK-NN: An Asymmetric Nearest-Neighbor Test that detects Distribution Drifts in Natural Language

    Jul 17, 2026Sergey Zakharov, Rodion Oblovatny, Alexey ZaytsevLarge Language Model HallucinationMachine-Generated Text Detection

    Saint-Peterburg university, Saint-Peterburg, Russia · Risk AI Research Lab, Moscow, Russia · Applied AI Institute, Moscow, Russia

  25. Bet on Features: Anytime-Valid and Feature-Aware Auditing of Conditional Quantile Forecasters

    Jul 13, 2026Ivane Antonov, Sohom Mukherjee, Richard Pibernik +1Quantile RegressionData-Driven Forecasting

    Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg · INSEAD

  26. Trivial Prompt Reframing Bypasses Safety Guardrails in Googleś MedGemma-4B

    Jul 9, 2026Avi-ad Avraam BuskilaLarge Language Model SafetyAttack-Success Rate

    Department of Information Science and Applied Artificial Intelligence, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

  27. Significance-First Splitting: Aligning Treatment Heterogeneity Detection with Honest Estimation

    Jul 4, 2026Pantelis Z. Hadjipantelis, Weng Man Chiang, Karthik NageshHeterogeneous Treatment EffectsTwo-Sample Testing

    TripAdvisor, UK

  28. Why3-py: A Tool for Formal Verification of Hypothesis Testing and Meta-Analysis in Python

    Jul 4, 2026Akira Tanaka, Yusuke KawamotoPythonTwo-Sample Testing

    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan

  29. Statistically Valid Post-Training Hyperparameter Selection: From Tuning to Guarantees

    Jun 24, 2026Amirmohammad Farzaneh, Osvaldo SimeoneTwo-Sample TestingModel Selection

    Institute for Intelligent Networked Systems (INSI) Northeastern University London

  30. Bayesian control for coding agents

    Jun 23, 2026Theodore Papamarkou, Vladislav Smirnov, Viktor Mazanov +4Coding AgentsLarge Language Model Generation

    1PolyShape · 3MBZUAI

  31. Betting on Moments: Legendre Jumper Martingales for Online Exchangeability Testing

    Jun 18, 2026Johan Hallberg SzabadváryConformal Test MartingalesTwo-Sample Testing

    Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University

  32. Sequential Kernel-based Conditional Independence Testing via Adaptive Betting

    Jun 17, 2026Zheng He, Danica J. SutherlandConditional IndependenceTwo-Sample Testing

    Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada · Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, Edmonton, Canada

  33. A nonparametric two-sample test using a parametric integral probability metric

    Jun 15, 2026Yuha Park, Yongdai KimTwo-Sample TestingExponential Family

    Department of Mathematics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. · Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

  34. Finite Resources False Discovery Rate Control in Structured Hypothesis Spaces

    Jun 13, 2026Binyamin Perets, Shie MannorFalse Discovery RateTwo-Sample Testing

    Technion – Israel Institute of Technology · NVIDIA

  35. From Persistence to Survival: Hypothesis Testing, Effect Sizes and Vectorisation for Topological Features

    Jun 10, 2026Juliette Murris, Bernadette Stolz, Karsten BorgwardtPersistent HomologyTopology

    Department of Machine Learning and Systems Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany

  36. LOTTERY: Learning from Reference-Only Samples in Two-Sample Testing under Size Asymmetry

    Jun 7, 2026Xunye Tian, Zhijian Zhou, Liuhua Peng +1Two-Sample TestingImbalanced Classification

    University of Melbourne · Maincode

  37. Sharp Low-Degree Thresholds for Planted-vs-Planted Testing

    Jun 3, 2026Anda Skeja, Daniel Gutiérrez Espinoza, Fiona Skerman +1Two-Sample TestingDecision Thresholds

    Department of Mathematics, Uppsala University · Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis

  38. Statistical Testing on Directed Graphs by Surrogate Data Generation

    May 30, 2026Chun Hei Michael Chan, Alexandre Cionca, Dimitri Van De VilleInhomogeneous Random GraphsGraph Signal Processing

    Neuro-X Institute, Ecole polytechnique f´ed´erale de Lausanne, and the Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland

  39. Counterfactual Explanations for Deep Two-Sample Testing

    May 29, 2026Wei-Cheng Lai, Marco Simnacher, Christoph LippertTwo-Sample TestingCounterfactual Explanation

    Digital Health and Machine Learning Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany · Chair of Statistics Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany · Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, United States of America

  40. Optimal Rates for Differentially Private Hypothesis Testing with E-values

    May 27, 2026Ben Jacobsen, Tomas Gonzalez, Gavin Brown +2Two-Sample TestingOptimal Power Shutoff

    University of Wisconsin-Madison · Carnegie Mellon University · University of Wisconsin–Madison

  41. Semi-Supervised Hypothesis Testing by Betting on Predictions

    May 27, 2026Yaniv Tenzer, Elad Tolochinsky, Yaniv RomanoUnlabeled DataTwo-Sample Testing

    Department of Computer Science, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

  42. Data-driven sparse identification of governing PDEs via knockoff filters and multi-criteria trade-offs

    May 26, 2026Pongpisit Thanasutives, Naichang Ke, Yoshinobu KawaharaPartial Differential EquationsFalse Discovery Rate

    1RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP) · 2The University of Osaka

  43. When prompt perturbations break your A/B test: A valid statistical test for generative surveying

    May 26, 2026Hayden Helm, Carey PriebeSurveyTwo-Sample Testing

    Helivan · Johns Hopkins University

  44. Constraint-Anchored Attribution: Feasibility-Certified Counterfactuals and Bonferroni-PAC Sufficient Subsets for Neural CO Policies

    May 24, 2026Sohaib LafifiNeural Combinatorial OptimizationCredit Assignment

    Univ. Artois, UR 3926, Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et d’Automatique de l’Artois (LGI2A) Béthune, France

  45. Spiking the training data to correct for test set contamination

    May 24, 2026Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei, Jerry Li, Ameya Godbole +1Training DataTwo-Sample Testing

    University of Southern California

  46. On the Sample Complexity of Robust Binary Hypothesis Testing

    May 23, 2026Shankar Vallinayagam, Ankit Pensia, Varun JogTwo-Sample TestingOptimal Sample Complexity

    Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge · Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University

  47. Entropy Equivalence Testing

    May 22, 2026Clément L. Canonne, Yash Pote, Jonathan Scarlett +1Two-Sample TestingOptimal Sample Complexity

    University of Sydney · National University of Singapore

  48. A Martingale Kernel Independence Test

    May 21, 2026Felix Laumann, Zhaolu Liu, Mauricio BarahonaTwo-Sample TestingConformal Test Martingales

    Imperial College London

  49. Controlling False Discovery in Arbitrarily Structured Hypothesis Spaces via Reproducing Kernels

    May 17, 2026Binyamin Perets, Shie MannorFalse Discovery RateReproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces

    Technion – Israel Institute of Technology · NVIDIA

  50. Statistical Unlearning of Distributions: A Hypothesis Testing Approach

    May 15, 2026Aaradhya Pandey, Sanjeev KulkarniExact UnlearningDistributions

    Princeton University

  51. A Regret Perspective on Online Multiple Testing

    May 13, 2026Qingyang Hao, Kongchang Zhou, Fang Kong +1False Discovery RateTwo-Sample Testing

    Southern University of Science and Technology

  52. Robust Sequential Experimental Design for A/B Testing

    May 13, 2026Qianglin Wen, Xiangkun Wu, Chengchun Shi +4Bayesian Experimental DesignTwo-Sample Testing

    Yunnan Key Laboratory of Statistical Modeling and Data Analysis, Yunnan University, Kunming, China · School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China · Department of Statistics, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom +3

  53. Uncertainty Quantification for LLM-based Code Generation

    May 12, 2026Senrong Xu, Yuhao Tan, Yanke Zhou +6Code GenerationLarge Language Model Uncertainty

    State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University · ETH Zürich · Birkbeck, University of London

  54. Accurate and Efficient Statistical Testing for Word Semantic Breadth

    May 8, 2026Yo EharaTwo-Sample TestingContextual Embeddings

    Tokyo Gakugei University

  55. Semiparametric Efficient Test for Interpretable Distributional Treatment Effects

    May 8, 2026Houssam Zenati, Arthur GrettonHeterogeneous Treatment EffectsTwo-Sample Testing

    1Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London

  56. Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees

    May 7, 2026Siyu Zhou, Patrick Vossler, Venkatesh Sivaraman +2Model AuditingTwo-Sample Testing

    University of California, San Francisco · Stanford University

  57. Kernel Selection is Model Selection: A Unified Complexity-Penalized Approach for MMD Two-Sample Tests

    May 7, 2026Yijin Ni, Xiaoming HuoMaximum Mean DiscrepancyKernel Method

    H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

  58. Practical validation of synthetic pre-crash scenarios

    May 6, 2026Jian Wu, Ulrich Sander, Carol Flannagan +1Two-Sample TestingValidation

    Safety Center, Volvo Cars, 41878 Göteborg, Sweden · Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41756 Göteborg, Sweden · University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

  59. A Semi-Supervised Kernel Two-Sample Test

    May 3, 2026Gyumin Lee, Shubhanshu Shekhar, Ilmun KimTwo-Sample TestingCovariate Balancing

    Dept. of Statistics Pennsylvania State University · Dept. of EECS University of Michigan · Dept. of Mathematical Sciences KAIST

  60. Finite-Sample Analysis of Elimination in Active Hypothesis Testing

    May 1, 2026Ziyuan Lin, Hoang Ngoc Nguyen, Jie Xu +1Two-Sample TestingFinite-Sample

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA