Web Agents

Ask about this topic

Overview

Web agents study how AI systems can carry out multi-step tasks on websites, from finding information to filling forms and making purchases. Common approaches combine visual or DOM-based page understanding with planning, action grounding, memory, and reusable skills; training often uses human demonstrations, synthetic environments, or reinforcement learning. Benchmarks such as WebArena, Mind2Web, and WebVoyager measure task success, while live-web tests expose challenges from changing interfaces and complex workflows. A central tension is improving reliability and efficiency without compromising security, privacy, or faithful execution of user intent.

Latest papers

CardsList

174 papers23 papers in the last four weeks, up 53% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. TimeWarp: Evaluating Web Agents by Revisiting the Past

    Mar 5, 2026Md Farhan Ishmam, Kenneth MarinoComputer-Use Agent BenchmarksWeb Agent Benchmarks

    University of Utah, USA

  2. Dual-Modality Multi-Stage Adversarial Safety Training: Robustifying Multimodal Web Agents Against Cross-Modal Attacks

    Mar 4, 2026Haoyu Liu, Dingcheng Li, Lukas Rutishauser +1Adversarial TrainingMultimodal Robustness

    UC Berkeley, IEOR & BAIR · Google · Google Deepmind

  3. See and Remember: A Multimodal Agent for Web Traversal

    Mar 3, 2026Xinjun Wang, Shengyao Wang, Aimin Zhou +1Web AgentsMemory-Augmented Language Model Agents

    Shanghai Institute of AI for Education, East China Normal University · Shanghai Innovation Institute

  4. Egocentric Co-Pilot: Web-Native Smart-Glasses Agents for Assistive Egocentric AI

    Mar 1, 2026Sicheng Yang, Yukai Huang, Weitong Cai +8Web AgentsTool-Using Vision-Language Agents

    Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen, China · Independent Researcher London, United Kingdom · Queen Mary University of London London, United Kingdom +2

  5. M2^2: Dual-Memory Augmentation for Long-Horizon Web Agents via Trajectory Summarization and Insight Retrieval

    Feb 28, 2026Dawei Yan, Haokui Zhang, Guangda Huzhang +8Long-Horizon LLM AgentsWeb Agents

    Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China · AI Business, Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China · Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China +1

  6. Atomicity for Agents: Exposing, Exploiting, and Mitigating TOCTOU Vulnerabilities in Browser-Use Agents

    Feb 28, 2026Linxi Jiang, Zhijie Liu, Haotian Luo +1AI Agent SecurityWeb Agents

    The Ohio State University

  7. Avenir-UX: Automated UX Evaluation via Simulated Human Web Interaction with GUI Grounding

    Feb 25, 2026Wee Joe Tan, Zi Rui Lucas Lim, Shashank Durgad +2Computer-Use AgentsWeb Agents

    University College London London, United Kingdom Work done at UCL Nexus Labs.

  8. Caesar: Deep Agentic Web Exploration for Creative Answer Synthesis

    Feb 24, 2026Jason Liang, Elliot Meyerson, Risto MiikkulainenWeb AgentsDeep Research Agents

    Cognizant AI Lab · University of Texas at Austin

  9. ActionEngine: From Reactive to Programmatic Web Agents via State Machine Memory

    Feb 24, 2026Hongbin Zhong, Fazle Faisal, Luis França +4Agent MemoryLLM Agent Memory

    Georgia Tech USA · Microsoft Research USA

  10. Tuning Qwen2.5-VL to Improve Its Web Interaction Skills

    Feb 20, 2026Alexandra Yakovleva, Henrik Pärssinen, Harri Valpola +2PEFT of VLMsWeb Agents

    Aalto University Espoo, Finland · System 2 AI Helsinki, Finland · University of Oulu Oulu, Finland

  11. Modeling Distinct Human Interaction in Web Agents

    Feb 19, 2026Faria Huq, Zora Zhiruo Wang, Zhanqiu Guo +6User ModelingHuman-AI Collaboration

    Carnegie Mellon University · Duke University

  12. Web Agents Should Use Typed Actions Instead of Click-Based Browsing

    Feb 19, 2026Linxi Jiang, Rui Xi, Zhijie Liu +3Web AgentsLLM Agent Reliability

    The Ohio State University · University of British Columbia · Microsoft Research

  13. Persona2Web: Benchmarking Personalized Web Agents for Contextual Reasoning with User History

    Feb 19, 2026Serin Kim, Sangam Lee, Dongha LeeWeb AgentsWeb Agent Benchmarks

    Department of Artificial Intelligence, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

  14. World-Model-Augmented Web Agents with Action Correction

    Feb 17, 2026Zhouzhou Shen, Xueyu Hu, Xiyun Li +3Web AgentsLLM Agent Planning

    Zhejiang University · Tencent AI Lab

  15. EmbeWebAgent: Embedding Web Agents into Any Customized UI

    Feb 16, 2026Chenyang Ma, Clyde Fare, Matthew Wilson +1Web AgentsTool-Using Agents

    IBM Research Europe, UK · University of Oxford

  16. WebWorld: A Large-Scale World Model for Web Agent Training

    Feb 16, 2026Zikai Xiao, Jianhong Tu, Chuhang Zou +7LLM World ModelsWorld Model Learning

    Qwen Team, Alibaba Group · Zhejiang University

  17. Do Web Agents Investigate Before They Decide?

    Feb 5, 2026Syed Nazmus Sakib, Nafiul Haque, Tapodhir Karmakar Taton +2Web Agent BenchmarksHallucination in Language Models

    Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Dhaka · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dhaka

  18. It's a TRAP! Task-Redirecting Agent Persuasion Benchmark for Web Agents

    Dec 29, 2025Karolina Korgul, Yushi Yang, Arkadiusz Drohomirecki +7Web Agent BenchmarksIndirect Prompt Injection

    University of Oxford · 2SoftServe · 3Independent +1

  19. From Crawled to Published: A Publisher-Controlled Web Architecture for an AI-Native Internet

    Nov 23, 2025Yixi Chen, Muhammad Bilal, Tie Ma +3Information RetrievalAgentic Retrieval

  20. WAInjectBench: Benchmarking Prompt Injection Detections for Web Agents

    Oct 1, 2025Yinuo Liu, Xilong Wang, Ruohan Xu +2Web Agent BenchmarksPrompt Injection Attacks

    Duke University

  21. Beyond Pixels: Exploring DOM Downsampling for LLM-Based Web Agents

    Aug 6, 2025Thassilo M. Schiepanski, Nicholas PiëlLLM Agent EvaluationWeb Agents

    Surfly BV

  22. Web-CogReasoner: Towards Multimodal Knowledge-Induced Cognitive Reasoning for Web Agents

    Aug 3, 2025Yuhan Guo, Cong Guo, Aiwen Sun +12Cognitive ModelingMultimodal Reasoning

    Southwestern University of Finance and Economics · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Central South University +9

  23. WebArxiv: A Reproducible Benchmark for Evaluating Multimodal Web Agents on arXiv Tasks

    Jul 1, 2025Zihao Sun, Zijing Shi, Ling ChenWeb Agent BenchmarksMultimodal Agents

    University of Technology Sydney, Australia

  24. Agent-Environment Alignment via Automated Interface Generation

    May 27, 2025Kaiming Liu, Xuanyu Lei, Ziyue Wang +2LLM AgentsAI Alignment

    College of AI, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Dept. of Comp. Sci. & Tech., Institute for AI, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China