Organizations: Skolkovo Institute of Science, Intelligent Space Robotics Laboratory, Center for Engineering Systems and Sciences · Khalifa University, KUCARS-KU Center for Autonomous Robotic Systems, Department of Computer Science · Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of UAV Autonomous Control
High-speed autonomous racing presents extreme perception challenges, including large relative velocities and substantial domain shifts from conventional urban-driving datasets. Existing benchmarks do not adequately capture these high-dynamic conditions. We introduce EagleVision, a unified LiDAR-based multi-task benchmark for 3D detection and trajectory prediction in high-speed racing, providing newly annotated 3D bounding boxes for the Indy Autonomous Challenge dataset (14,893 frames) and the A2RL Real competition dataset (1,163 frames), together with 12,000 simulator-generated annotated frames, all standardized under a common evaluation protocol. Using a dataset-centric transfer framework, we quantify cross-domain generalization across urban, simulator, and real racing domains. Urban pretraining improves detection over scratch training (NDS 0.72 vs. 0.69), while intermediate pretraining on real racing data achieves the best transfer to A2RL (NDS 0.726), outperforming simulator-only adaptation. For trajectory prediction, Indy-trained models surpass in-domain A2RL training on A2RL test sequences (FDE 0.947 vs. 1.250), highlighting the role of motion-distribution coverage in cross-domain forecasting. EagleVision enables systematic study of perception generalization under extreme high-speed dynamics. The dataset and benchmark are publicly available at https://avlab.io/EagleVision
Figures & tables
Fig. 1 : Autonomous racing platform operating under real A2RL competition.
IAC
A2RL Sim
A2RL Real
LiDAR sensor
3 × Luminar Iris
Virtual LiDAR
3 × Seyond Falcon
Frequency (Hz)
20
10
10
Annotated frames
14,893
12,000
1,163
Avg. objects/frame
1
4
1
Points per scan (approx.)
∼ 67k
∼ 144k
∼ 100k
TABLE I : Summary of racing datasets used for the detection benchmark.
Fig. 2 : Overview of the proposed benchmark. (a) 3D detection across urban, simulator, and real racing domains. (b) Trajectory prediction settings, illustrating straight, mild turn, and sharp turn scenarios based on ground-truth annotations.
Setup
Train
Validation
I Test
R Test
I
21,848
4,611
4,529
328
Iv3
12,259
2,959
15,828
328
Iv5
12,668
3,130
15,247
328
R (in-domain)
212
29
−
29
TABLE II : Trajectory counts for cross-domain and R in-domain splits.
Setup
AP ↑
ATE ↓
ASE ↓
AOE ↓
NDS ↑
R
0.843
0.1796
0.0716
0.0372
0.69266
W→R
0.890
0.1702
0.0333
0.0231
0.72234
W→(R+S)1:1
0.847
0.1918
0.0348
0.0254
0.69830
W→S10→R
0.879
0.1580
0.0294
0.0208
0.71868
W→(R+0.1S)
0.873
0.1589
0.0310
0.0209
0.71542
W→(R+0.1I)
0.883
0.1666
0.0413
0.0213
0.71858
TABLE III : Detection performance on A2RL Real.
Dataset
Train
Validation
Test
R
ADE ↓
FDE ↓
ADE ↓
FDE ↓
ADE ↓
FDE ↓
ADE ↓
FDE ↓
Iv5
0.502
0.905
1.152
2.326
0.774
1.511
0.478
0.947
Iv3
0.672
1.175
1.624
3.254
0.862
1.611
1.567
4.205
I
0.378
0.743
0.621
1.276
1.611
3.177
0.852
1.389
TABLE IV : Trajectory prediction performance in terms of ADE and FDE (lower is better).
Dataset
Train
Validation
Test
ADE ↓
FDE ↓
ADE ↓
FDE ↓
ADE ↓
FDE ↓
R
0.266
0.414
0.214
0.302
0.484
1.24
I
0.502
0.905
1.152
2.326
0.478
0.947
TABLE V : Cross-dataset trajectory prediction results on R . Models are trained on R and I respectively and evaluated on R using ADE and FDE ( ↓ ).
Dataset
Split
#Traj
Accel p95
Turn p95 (rad)
Best ADE / FDE
I
Train
21848
0.337
0.013
0.288 / 0.594
Validation
4611
0.335
0.015
0.565 / 1.166
Test
4529
2.906
2.051
1.658 / 3.328
Iv3
Train
12259
0.349
0.013
0.512 / 0.888
Validation
2959
3.031
2.135
1.556 / 2.988
Test ∗
15828
0.334
0.014
0.724 / 1.364
TABLE VI : I split difficulty (p95) and best trajectory prediction performance (lower is better).
Fig. 3 : LiDAR point cloud visualization of 3D detection result on A2RL Real.
Fig. 4 : Representative trajectory prediction examples from the Iv5 training setup, showing observed history and predicted future trajectories.
In autonomous driving development, a perception dataset is crucial, as it provides fundamental data for training, testing, and validating algorithms for an autonomous vehicle's multimodal perception systems. So far, most research has concentrated on providing datasets for well-structured urban environments. This work introduces the A2RL V\textsubscript{max} open-source dataset, specifically designed for perception tasks in high-speed autonomous driving and multi-vehicle interaction. The dataset was captured during the 2024 Abu Dhabi Autonomous Racing League (A2RL), held at the Yas Marina F1 Circuit, with participation from all competing teams. It contains diverse scenarios, including single-vehicle data at varying speeds, multi-vehicle sessions, and the full final four-vehicle race. The dataset contains almost 30,000 professionally annotated LiDAR point clouds, along with RADAR point clouds. In particular, it is the first large-scale dataset in autonomous racing to feature professionally annotated LiDAR point clouds, enabling deep learning-based perception research. The data is provided in a developer-friendly format, enabling easy implementation and evaluation in future research. We provide implementation and evaluation for off-the-shelf 3D detection and tracking methods. Although baseline methods show promising results for both 3D detection and tracking, specialized methods are required to address the unique challenges of high-speed autonomous driving. For a detailed description of the dataset, please visit the A2RL Vmax Dataset Website
Marvin Klemp, Dominic Ebner, Cornelius Schröder +15
Institute of Measurement and Control Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Code 19 Racing · Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich +8
Lane boundary detection is a critical component in autonomous driving systems and has been rigorously studied in regular driving scenarios. However, it is less explored in vehicle racing, where the car moves at higher speeds across more extreme road geometries. To study this problem, we introduce a new dataset for 3D lane detection in racing, featuring >250k images from multiple camera feeds and inertial measurements taken with a Lexus LC 500 driving on a closed circuit. With this dataset, we compare various approaches to 3D lane detection and propose modifications that permit frames to be processed at rates of almost 300Hz while retaining high predictive performance in the racing application. This facilitates a multi-camera ensemble approach that is validated on hardware. We show that sensing modalities such as inertial measurements can be leveraged for pre-integration to regress road geometries over both cameras and time, yielding improvements in key metrics. Compared to methods such as BevLaneDet, adding odometry and ensemble predictions improves the F1 score by 3 points and reduces near-vehicle mean absolute errors (MAEs) by >30%. We show F1 scores >0.9 and lateral MAEs of <0.18m in vehicle deployments.
Omoruyi Atekha, John Subosits, Marcus Greiff
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. · Toyota Research Institute (TRI), 94022 Los Altos, CA, USA.
We introduce a dataset and benchmark for cross-view urban traffic perception built from synchronized ego-centric bicycle videos and aerial drone videos recorded at real urban intersections. The benchmark targets two linked tasks: cross-view identity matching between street-view and drone-view object tracks, and ego-to-bird's-eye-view prediction using aerial supervision. In contrast to prior urban driving and V2X datasets, our benchmark provides identity-level alignment across radically different viewpoints together with standardized evaluation, annotation tooling, and baseline implementations. This setting is motivated by intersection-centric traffic analysis, where identity preservation, local interactions, and global spatial structure must be reasoned about jointly across views. We evaluate methods at both the track and frame levels, including cross-view ID precision/recall/IDF1, near--far breakdowns, temporal stability, and consistency metrics. We also provide baseline results for wedge-based cross-view matching and for three BEV prediction baselines: inverse perspective mapping, a MonoLayout-style learned baseline, and a regression baseline. The results show that the benchmark is feasible but challenging: cross-view matching achieves strong recall yet remains limited by over-assignment and temporal inconsistency, while ego-to-BEV prediction benefits from aerial supervision but remains far from saturated under lightweight monocular sensing. We hope that this benchmark will support future research on cross-view perception, urban scene alignment, and ego-to-global traffic understanding.
Prakhar Bhardwaj, Simone Weikl, Kilian Mang +1
Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, OTH Regensburg