Algorithmic Fairness

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Overview

The field asks whether automated systems treat people and groups fairly, using criteria such as demographic parity, equalized odds, individual similarity, and causal or counterfactual fairness. Researchers audit disparities in credit, hiring, healthcare, recommendation, and language or vision models, using benchmarks such as COMPAS, Adult, and MIMIC alongside subgroup and intersectional tests. Mitigation ranges from data reweighting and representation learning to constrained or robust optimization, causal interventions, and post-hoc thresholding; work also studies fairness in rankings, sequential allocation, federated learning, and LLM agents. A central challenge is that fairness criteria can conflict with one another and with utility, while estimates and interventions may be unstable under small samples, distribution shift, strategic behavior, or uncertain causal assumptions.

Latest papers

CardsList

424 papers28 papers in the last four weeks, down 20% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Improving Fairness of Large Language Model-Based ICU Mortality Prediction via Case-Based Prompting

    Dec 17, 2025Gangxiong Zhang, Yongchao Long, Yuxi Zhou +2Algorithmic FairnessFew-Shot Prompting

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China · Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China · DCST, BNRist, RIIT, Institute of Internet Industry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China +1

  2. FairLRF: Achieving Fairness through Sparse Low Rank Factorization

    Nov 20, 2025Yuanbo Guo, Jun Xia, Yiyu ShiAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana, USA

  3. On the Societal Impact of Machine Learning

    Oct 27, 2025Joachim BaumannAlgorithmic FairnessAlgorithmic Bias

    Faculty of Business, Economics and Informatics of the University of Zurich

  4. Attribution Graphs and Causal Probing for Mechanistic Discovery and Bias Repair in Multimodal Generative Learning

    Oct 14, 2025Noor Islam S. Mohammad, Uluğ BayazıtGradient-Based AttributionCausal Representation Learning

    1,2Istanbul Technical University

  5. ABLEIST: Intersectional Disability Bias in LLM-Generated Hiring Scenarios

    Oct 13, 2025Mahika Phutane, Hayoung Jung, Matthew Kim +2Intersectional Bias in Language ModelsSocial Bias in Language Models

    Cornell University · Princeton University · University of Washington

  6. MultiFair: Multimodal Balanced Fairness-Aware Medical Classification with Dual-Level Gradient Modulation

    Sep 30, 2025Md Zubair, Hao Zheng, Grayson W. Armstrong +5Algorithmic FairnessMultimodal Classification

    School of Computing and Informatics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA · Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA · Louisiana Center for Health Innovation and College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA +2

  7. Unbiased Binning for Fairness-aware Attribute Representation

    Sep 26, 2025Abolfazl Asudeh, Zeinab Asoodeh, Bita Asoodeh +1Dynamic ProgrammingAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of Illinois Chicago · Independent Researcher · University of Edinburgh +1

  8. Fair-GPTQ: Bias-Aware Quantization for Large Language Models

    Sep 18, 2025Irina Proskurina, Guillaume Metzler, Julien VelcinLLM QuantizationSocial Bias in Language Models

    Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lumière Lyon 2, ERIC · École Centrale de Lyon, LIRIS, CNRS UMR 5205

  9. The Statistical Fairness-Accuracy Frontier

    Aug 25, 2025Alireza Fallah, Michael I. Jordan, Annie UlichneyAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Department of Computer Science and Ken Kennedy Institute, Rice University · Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley; Inria Paris · Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley

  10. FairSSL: Fair Multimodal Self-Supervised Learning

    Aug 22, 2025Jiaee Cheong, Abtin Mogharabin, Paul Liang +2Cross-Modal LearningRepresentation Learning

    Harvard University · University of Cambridge · Middle East Technical University +1

  11. Minority Collective Action for User-Side Fairness

    Aug 21, 2025Omri Ben-Dov, Samira Samadi, Amartya Sanyal +1Algorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen AI Center, Tübingen, Germany · Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen · ETH Zurich

  12. FAIRVAR: Fair Federated Learning via Variance Regularization

    Aug 16, 2025Zahra Kharaghani, Ali Dadras, Tommy LöfstedtAlgorithmic FairnessFederated Learning

    Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden · Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

  13. Unequal Uncertainty: Rethinking Algorithmic Interventions for Mitigating Discrimination from AI

    Aug 11, 2025Holli Sargeant, Mackenzie Jorgensen, Arina Shah +3Selective PredictionAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of Cambridge, United Kingdom · Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom · George Washington University, Washington D.C., United States +2

  14. How Reliable are Fairness Audits with Unreliable Data?

    Jun 28, 2025Yash Vardhan TomarAlgorithmic AuditingAlgorithmic Fairness

    Purdue University

  15. Accuracy vs. Accuracy: Computational Tradeoffs Between Classification Rates and Utility

    May 22, 2025Noga Amit, Omer Reingold, Guy N. RothblumAlgorithmic FairnessStatistical Learning Theory

    UC Berkeley · Stanford · Apple

  16. HumaniBench: A Human-Centric Framework for Large Multimodal Models Evaluation

    May 16, 2025Shaina Raza, Aravind Narayanan, Vahid Reza Khazaie +6Algorithmic FairnessMultimodal Large Language Models

    Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada · University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA

  17. Causally Fair Node Classification on Non-IID Graph Data

    May 3, 2025Yucong Dai, Lu Zhang, Yaowei Hu +2Structural Causal ModelsGraph Representation Learning

    Clemson University · University of Arkansas · Walmart Inc.

  18. DetoxAI: a Python Toolkit for Debiasing Deep Learning Models in Computer Vision

    May 2, 2025Ignacy Stępka, Lukasz Sztukiewicz, Michał Wiliński +1Debiased MLAlgorithmic Fairness

    Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology

  19. Deep Fair Learning: Task-Aware Fair Representations via Joint Distance-Covariance Regularization

    Apr 8, 2025Enze Shi, Yiqun Xiao, Linglong Kong +1Representation LearningAlgorithmic Fairness

    Department of Mathematical and Statistical Science, University of Alberta.

  20. FairSAM: Fair Classification on Corrupted Image Data Through Sharpness-Aware Minimization

    Mar 29, 2025Yucong Dai, Jie Ji, Xiaolong Ma +1Sharpness-Aware MinimizationImage Corruption Robustness

    Clemson University

  21. Cohort-attention Evaluation Metrics for Tied Data

    Mar 17, 2025Dongjing Jiang, Qingchong JiaoAlgorithmic FairnessAutomated Evaluation

    DeepCox, Canada

  22. Targeted Learning for Inference on Data Fairness

    Feb 6, 2025Joseph H. Rudoler, Alexander Asemota, Giles HookerAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    University of California Berkeley, USA · University of Pennsylvania, USA

  23. Evidence for Phenotype-Driven Disparities in Freezing of Gait Detection and Approaches to Bias Mitigation

    Jan 29, 2025Timothy Odonga, Jeanne M. Powell, Claire Bae +5Algorithmic FairnessHuman Activity Recognition

    Emory University · Georgia Institute of Technology

  24. FairCoder: Probing LLM Bias in High-Stakes Decision Making via Coding Tasks

    Jan 9, 2025Yongkang Du, Jen-tse Huang, Jieyu Zhao +1Social Bias in Language ModelsAlgorithmic Fairness

    Pennsylvania State University · University of Southern California

  25. SPARC: Scalable Path-Specific Counterfactual Fairness via Causal Conditional Independence

    Dec 6, 2024Bowei Tian, Yexiao He, Ziyao Wang +3Debiased MLAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA · Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA

  26. Selective Data Expansion for Model Performance

    Dec 4, 2024Jahid Hasan, Romila PradhanAlgorithmic FairnessData-Efficient Learning

    Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

  27. Keep Everyone Happy: Online Fair Division of Numerous Items with Few Copies

    Aug 23, 2024Arun Verma, Indrajit Saha, Makoto Yokoo +1Fair Resource AllocationAlgorithmic Fairness

    Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Republic of Singapore · Faculty of ISEE, Kyushu University, Japan · Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore

  28. When fairness metrics fail: A utility-based perspective on ε\varepsilon-fairness

    May 15, 2024Tolulope Fadina, Thorsten SchmidtAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Actuarial Science and Risk Management, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Illinois, USA · Department of Mathematical Stochastics, University of Freiburg, Ermst-Zermelo Str. 2, 79104 Freiburg, Germany

  29. Measuring Model-Induced Discrimination via Efficient Fairness Approximation

    May 15, 2024Yijun Bian, Yujie LuoAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark · Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore

  30. Perturbation Effects on Robustness and Individual Fairness

    Apr 1, 2024Xuran Li, Hao Xue, Peng Wu +4Neural Network RobustnessAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou, China · Key Laboratory of System Software, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China +3