Diffusion Models

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Overview

Diffusion models learn a data distribution by gradually corrupting examples with noise and training a denoiser to reverse that process. Major approaches include DDPMs and score-based SDEs, latent diffusion and diffusion Transformers, flow and consistency methods, and discrete masked or continuous-time Markov diffusion; conditioning and guidance adapt them to specific tasks. They are used for images, video, audio, language, molecules, and scientific forecasting, with evaluations ranging from ImageNet FID to language perplexity and domain-specific measures of accuracy and uncertainty. A central tension is how to make sampling faster and generation more controllable without sacrificing quality, calibration, or diversity, while theory and ongoing audits address generalization, memorization, and privacy.

Latest papers

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1,192 papers152 papers in the last four weeks, up 77% on the four weeks before. 0.9% of all new papers.

  1. Inference-Time Optimization of Prompt Embeddings in Diffusion Models: A Comparison of sep-CMA-ES and Adam

    Nov 5, 2025Domício Pereira Neto, João Correia, Penousal MachadoT2I GenerationDiffusion Models

    University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal

  2. Rethinking Robust Adversarial Concept Erasure in Diffusion Models

    Oct 31, 2025Qinghong Yin, Yu Tian, Heming Yang +5Adversarial RobustnessDiffusion Model Unlearning

    Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China · Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China

  3. MedForj: An open, large-scale foundational generative prior for high-resolution 3D brain MRI

    Oct 29, 2025Samuel W. Remedios, Aaron Carass, Jerry L. Prince +1Flow MatchingHealthcare

    Image Analysis and Communications Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University · Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital

  4. Beyond the Semicircle: Free Diffusion Models with Prescribed Equilibria

    Oct 26, 2025Swagatam DasRandom Matrix TheoryDiffusion Models

  5. Not Every Time and Frequency Need to Be Forgotten in Diffusion Unlearning

    Oct 20, 2025Jinseong Park, Mijung ParkDiffusion Model UnlearningMachine Unlearning

    Korea Institute for Advanced Study · University of British Columbia

  6. A Connection Between Score Matching and Local Intrinsic Dimension

    Oct 14, 2025Eric Yeats, Aaron Jacobson, Darryl Hannan +4Intrinsic DimensionalityScore Matching

    PNNL · UNC Chapel Hill · UC San Diego

  7. Multi-task Neural Diffusion Processes

    Oct 3, 2025Joseph Rawson, Domniki Ladopoulou, Petros DellaportasDiffusion ModelsMulti-Task Learning

    Department of Statistical Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom. · Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Patission 76, Athens, 104 34, Greece.

  8. Affordance-Guided Diffusion Prior for 3D Hand Reconstruction

    Oct 1, 2025Naru Suzuki, Takehiko Ohkawa, Tatsuro Banno +33D Hand Pose EstimationHand-Object Interaction

    The University of Tokyo · KAIST

  9. DiffAU: Diffusion-Based Ambisonics Upscaling

    Sep 30, 2025Amit Milstein, Nir Shlezinger, Boaz RafaelyAudio Diffusion ModelsSpatial Audio

    ECE School Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva, Israel

  10. Data-to-Energy Stochastic Dynamics

    Sep 30, 2025Kirill Tamogashev, Esmeralda S. WhitammerSampling from Unnormalized DistributionsSchrödinger Bridges

    University of Edinburgh

  11. Lavida-O: Elastic Large Masked Diffusion Models for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation

    Sep 23, 2025Shufan Li, Jiuxiang Gu, Kangning Liu +4Masked Diffusion ModelsUnified Multimodal Models

    Adobe · UCLA

  12. Diff-Feat: Diffusion-Based Cross-Modal Feature Extraction for Multi-Label Classification

    Sep 19, 2025Tian Lan, Yiming Zheng, Jianxin YinMultimodal ClassificationMulti-Label Classification

    School of Statistics, Renmin University of China · Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China

  13. IS-Diff: Improving Diffusion-Based Inpainting with Better Initial Seed

    Sep 15, 2025Yongzhe Lyu, Yu Wu, Yutian Lin +1Image InpaintingDiffusion Models

    School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

  14. ECHO: Ego-Centric modeling of Human-Object interactions

    Aug 29, 2025Ilya A. Petrov, Vladimir Guzov, Riccardo Marin +5HOI Generation3D Reconstruction

    University of Tübingen, Germany · Tübingen AI Center, Germany · Technical University of Munich, Germany +3

  15. MeSS: City Mesh-Guided Outdoor Scene Generation with Cross-View Consistent Diffusion

    Aug 21, 2025Xuyang Chen, Zhijun Zhai, Kaixuan Zhou +103D Scene GenerationMulti-View Image Synthesis

    Huawei Hilbert Research Center · Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Wuhan University, Wuhan, China +1

  16. EEGDM: Label-Efficient EEG Representation Learning with Generative Diffusion Model

    Aug 13, 2025Jia Hong Puah, Sim Kuan Goh, Ziwei Zhang +6ElectroencephalographyEEG Seizure Detection

    School of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xiamen University Malaysia · School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Malaya +3

  17. Double-Diffusion: Balancing Speed, Accuracy, and Uncertainty in Probabilistic Forecasting for Urban Sensor Networks

    Jun 29, 2025Hanlin Dong, Arian Prabowo, Hao Xue +4Spatiotemporal ForecastingDiffusion Model Inference Acceleration

    University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia · University of Maryland College Park, United States · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) Guangzhou, China

  18. Generate the Forest before the Trees - A Hierarchical Diffusion model for Climate Downscaling

    Jun 24, 2025Declan J. Curran, Sanaa Hobeichi, Hira Saleem +2Climate DownscalingClimate Modeling

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia · ARC Centre of Excellence for the Weather of the 21st Century and Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

  19. Diffusion-aided Task-oriented Semantic Communications with Model Inversion Attack

    Jun 24, 2025Xuesong Wang, Mo Li, Xingyan Shi +2Semantic CommunicationTask-Oriented Semantic Communication

    School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China

  20. The Effect of Stochasticity in Score-Based Diffusion Sampling: a KL Divergence Analysis

    Jun 13, 2025Bernardo P. Schaeffer, Ricardo M. S. Rosa, Glauco ValleStochastic Differential EquationsDiffusion Sampling

    Instituto de Matem´atica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

  21. ScoreMix: Synthetic Data Generation by Score Composition in Diffusion Models Improves Recognition

    Jun 11, 2025Parsa Rahimi, Sebastien MarcelSynthetic Data AugmentationSynthetic Data Generation

    1EPFL, Switzerland · 2Idiap, Switzerland

  22. ELBO-T2IAlign: A Generic ELBO-Based Method for Calibrating Pixel-level Text-Image Alignment in Diffusion Models

    Jun 11, 2025Qin Zhou, Zhiyang Zhang, Jinglong Wang +5Diffusion Model AlignmentText-Image Alignment

    School of Software, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China · College of Computer and Cyber Security, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, China · Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

  23. Generalization in VAE and Diffusion Models: A Unified Information-Theoretic Analysis

    Jun 1, 2025Qi Chen, Jierui Zhu, Florian ShkurtiVariational AutoencodersNeural Network Generalization

    Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto · Data Science Institute · Vector Institute +2

  24. Physics-inspired Generative AI models via real hardware-based noisy quantum diffusion

    May 28, 2025Marco Parigi, Stefano Martina, Francesco Aldo Venturelli +1Quantum Generative ModelingDiffusion-Based Image Generation

    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy. · LENS - European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy. · Department of Engineering, Pompeu Fabra, T`anger 122-140, Barcelona, 08018, Barcelona, Spain.

  25. Improved Immiscible Diffusion: Accelerate Diffusion Training by Reducing Its Miscibility

    May 24, 2025Yiheng Li, Feng Liang, Dan Kondratyuk +3Diffusion Model AccelerationDiffusion Models

    UC Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720, USA · UT Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA · Rekursiv.ai, Mountain View CA, 94041

  26. Diffusion-based Evolutionary Optimization for 3D Multi-Objective Molecular Generation

    May 16, 2025Ruiqing Sun, Dawei Feng, Sen Yang +53D Molecular GenerationConstrained Generative Modeling

    College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China · Bioinformatics Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), 100080, Beijing, China

  27. StableMotion: One-Step Motion Estimation with Diffusion Prior

    May 10, 2025Ziyi Wang, Haipeng Li, Lin Sui +5Diffusion Models

    Yingcai Honors College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China · School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China · 4Paradigm Inc., Beijing 100080, China +2

  28. Localized Diffusion Models

    May 7, 2025Georg A. Gottwald, Shuigen Liu, Youssef Marzouk +2Curse of DimensionalityScore-Based Generative Modeling

    School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney · Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore · Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology +1

  29. Riemannian Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models

    May 7, 2025Zichen Liu, Wei Zhang, Christof Schütte +1Generative ModelingScore-Based Generative Modeling

    Center for Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China · Zuse Institute Berlin, Takustrasse 7, Berlin 14195, Germany · Institute of Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin and Zuse Institute Berlin, Takustrasse 7, Berlin 14195, Germany +1

  30. The Linear Geometry of Interpretable Tokens: Jailbreaking Attacks and Defenses for Unlearned Diffusion Models

    Apr 30, 2025Siyi Chen, Yimeng Zhang, Sijia Liu +1Jailbreak AttacksDiffusion Model Unlearning

    University of Michigan · Michigan State University