Spatiotemporal Forecasting

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Overview

Spatiotemporal forecasting studies how patterns evolve across both space and time, supporting decisions such as routing traffic, preparing for floods, and tracking disease outbreaks. Common approaches include graph neural networks for connected locations, convolutional and Transformer models for gridded fields, and state-space or neural-operator methods for long sequences and physical dynamics. Researchers also use physics-informed constraints, multimodal data, and probabilistic or generative models to represent mechanisms and forecast uncertainty. A central challenge is making forecasts stable and calibrated over long horizons while generalizing to sparse observations, new regions, and changing conditions; realistic benchmarks often reveal weaknesses hidden by standard test splits.

Latest papers

CardsList

429 papers59 papers in the last four weeks, up 48% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

  1. RainCheck: Harnessing Historical Weather Data with Machine Learning for Rainfall Forecasting in Bangladesh

    Oct 28, 2026Shahran Rahman Alve, Muhammad Zawad Mahmud, Samiha Islam +1Precipitation ForecastingForecasting Benchmarks

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh.

  2. GAS-PFN: Graph-Aware Spatiotemporal Prior-Data Fitted Networks for Zero-Shot Traffic Forecasting

    Oct 27, 2026Joseph Natter, Long Vu, Yifan Zhang +3Traffic ForecastingSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    Kennesaw State University · Missouri State University

  3. Scale-aware and spatially-localised optimisation of kilometre-scale MLWP models

    Oct 27, 2026James Chappell, Sophie Luise Arana, Jack Bowyer +15Weather ForecastingSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom · The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  4. Physics-Guided Flow Matching: A Generative AI Framework for Global Total Electron Content Forecasting

    Oct 27, 2026Si-Tong Yang, Feng Ye, Xian Lu +2Spatiotemporal ForecastingPhysics-Informed Generative Modeling

    Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA · Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA · Department of Physics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA

  5. FORESEE-MS: Toward Prospective Spatial Forecasting of Future Multiple Sclerosis Lesions from Baseline FLAIR MRI

    Oct 27, 2026Maryam Akhavan Aghdam, Sudip Mittal, Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz +1Spatiotemporal ForecastingLongitudinal Medical Image Analysis

    Department of Computer Science, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

  6. SpecLST: Spectral-Enhanced Long-Short Term Spatio-Temporal Multimodal Modeling for Traffic Forecasting

    Oct 26, 2026Kenan Kang, Matthew M. Y. Kuo, Weihua LiSpatiotemporal ForecastingTraffic Forecasting

    Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand · Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand

  7. Explainable Prediction of High-Speed Solar Wind Streams driven by Coronal Holes via Topological Data Analysis

    Oct 26, 2026Francesco Marchetti, Sabrina Guastavino, Daniel CollinSolar PhysicsSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    Dipartimento di Matematica “Tullio Levi-Civita”, University of Padova, Italy · Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Torino, Italy · Dipartimento di Matematica, University of Genova, Italy +2

  8. Efficient probabilistic weather forecasting at quarter-degree resolution with two-sided transport attention

    Oct 26, 2026Junu Choi, Youngjoon HongProbabilistic ForecastingSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  9. AgenticCity-Bench: Longitudinal Multimodal Observations of Urban Dynamics with Agentic Reasoning

    Oct 26, 2026Xiaofei Yu, Kailai Sun, Yanyu Mao +7Multimodal DatasetAgent Benchmarks

    Renmin University of China · Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, MIT · Massachusetts Institute of Technology +4

  10. How Much Graph Is Too Much? Graph Construction and Exposure in Spatio-Temporal Forecasting

    Oct 25, 2026Saj Maru, Qiyu Han, Krishna MamidalaSpatiotemporal GNNsGraph Construction

  11. Batched NN 4D-Var: a performant hybrid model framework for the Integrated Forecasting System

    Oct 23, 2026Alban Farchi, Marcin Chrust, Massimo Bonavita +3Weather ForecastingData Assimilation

    ECMWF Bonn, Germany · ECMWF Reading, United Kingdom · CEREA, ENPC, EDF R&D Institut Polytechnique de Paris Île–de–France, France

  12. StarRTT: An End-to-End Real-Time Framework for Blind Zone-Free RTT Prediction in Starlink LEO Satellite Networks

    Oct 23, 2026Jaeyong Lee, Seongjin Jeong, Yusang Park +3LEO Satellite NetworksSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea

  13. When to Trust Memory: Retrieval-Guided Probabilistic Spatiotemporal Forecasting under Distribution Shift

    Oct 23, 2026Haochen Lv, Jianhao Zhang, Zhichen Lei +5Spatiotemporal ForecastingProbabilistic Forecasting

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China. · Key Laboratory of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Transportation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. · Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Data Mining and Embodied Intelligence, Beijing, China.

  14. Zero-Shot Forecasting of In-Situ Soil Moisture and Temperature with a Time-Series Foundation Model

    Oct 22, 2026Mohammad Talaei, Mohammad Goudarzi, Maille Todd +2Zero-Shot Time Series ForecastingSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia · School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Australia · The Environmental Informatics Hub, Data Science and AI, Monash University, Australia

  15. Space weather dependence of decameter-scale ionospheric irregularities spatial distribution

    Oct 21, 2026Oleg I. Berngardt, Ivan A. LavyginSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    ISTP SB RAS, 664033, Lermontova Str, 126A, Irkutsk, Russia

  16. YingLan: A Multimodal Ocean Foundation Model for Unified Representation Learning from Heterogeneous Observations

    Oct 21, 2026Sen Jia, Siqi Wei, Junyu Wang +8Multimodal Foundation ModelsSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University · College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University

  17. OceanTensorCube and ST-MMT: A Multimodal Data and Transformer System for Seven-Day Forecasting of Pyropia Bleaching

    Oct 19, 2026Gwangjin Kim, Cheolyoung Jang, Yosep JoTime Series ForecastingSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    NCS Instructor, Smart Human Resources Development Institute, Republic of Korea · NH Networks LLC, Republic of Korea · DreamTech Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea

  18. Global probabilistic forecasting of air pollution

    Oct 19, 2026Ammar Kheder, Michael Boy, Zhi-song LiuAir Quality PredictionProbabilistic Forecasting

    Department of Computational Engineering, LUT University, Lahti, Finland · Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland · Atmospheric Modelling Centre Lahti (AMC-Lahti), Lahti, Finland

  19. AirMPA: A Meteorology-to-Pollution Adapter for Global Air Quality Forecasting

    Oct 19, 2026Yiheng Wang, Kai Zheng, Yuetan Lin +5Air Quality PredictionSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    Fudan University · Shanghai Academy of AI for Science · University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

  20. Spectral Adaptive Graph Transformer for Efficient and Scalable Traffic Forecasting

    Oct 18, 2026Amirhossein Ghaffari, Susanna Pirttikangas, Ekaterina GilmanSpatiotemporal ForecastingTraffic Flow Estimation

    Future Computing Group, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland

  21. GTSM: Gaussian Splatting with Thermal State-Space Dynamics for Spatio-Temporal Thermal Field Reconstruction and Prediction

    Oct 17, 2026Yunpeng Zhao, Haoxiang Zhang, Chao LiuSpatiotemporal ForecastingThermal Imaging

    Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China · Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

  22. M2NetM^2Net: Unifying Scale-Specific Structures and Prototype Decomposition for Spatial-Temporal Forecasting

    Oct 17, 2026Chengyang Zhou, Zijian Zhang, Hao Miao +5Spatiotemporal ForecastingMultiscale Time-Series Modeling

    College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China · Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China +2

  23. Interpretability of AI weather models via intermediate decoding

    Oct 16, 2026Matthias Beylich, Kirsten I. Tempest, Tobias Selz +1Interpretable MLNeural Network Interpretability

    Meteorological Institute, LMU Munich

  24. ChronoSheaf: Joint Spatio-Temporal Spectral Filtering on Cellular Sheaves

    Oct 15, 2026Abeer Mostafa, Zahra AhmadiSheaf Neural NetworksSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, Hannover Medical School, Germany · Lower Saxony Center for Artificial Intelligence and Causal Methods in Medicine (CAIMed), Hannover, Germany

  25. Single-stage joint diffusion of sky images and clear-sky index for ultra-short-term irradiance forecasting: what the frame-to-irradiance stage discards

    Oct 15, 2026Kanawut Suwandee, Suwichaya SuwanwimolkulSolar Irradiance ForecastingTime Series Forecasting

    Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phaya Thai Rd, Wang Mai, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

  26. Learning to Forecast on Multiple Spatiotemporal Hierarchies

    Oct 15, 2026Valentina Moretti, Cesare Alippi, Andrea CiniTime Series ForecastingSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    IDSIA USI-SUPSI, Universit`a della Svizzera italiana · Politecnico di Milano · EPFL

  27. VaryST: Generalizable Spatio-Temporal Forecasting Beyond the Closed-World Setting

    Oct 14, 2026Shengnan Guo, Jinjun Cheng, Xiaowei Mao +7Spatiotemporal ForecastingTime Series Forecasting

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China · Key Laboratory of Big Data & Artificial Intelligence in Transportation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China · Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark +1

  28. PING: physics informed graph neural network for advection-diffusion processes with applications to solar power forecasting

    Oct 13, 2026Jelena Simeunović, Baptiste Schubnel, Pierre-Jean Alet +2Physics-Informed GNNsSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    CSEM, Rue de Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland · Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rte Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

  29. Cross-Market Meta-Learning for Electricity Price Forecasting

    Oct 12, 2026Delaram Pirhayatifard, Terrence AlsupElectricity Price ForecastingTime Series Forecasting

    Rice University, Houston, TX · Morgan Stanley, New York, NY

  30. Interactive 4D Volumetric Liquid Forecasting under Moving-Solid Interaction

    Oct 12, 2026Jongwon Ryu, Sunjae Yoon, Junyeong KimFluid-Structure InteractionSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    Department of Artificial Intelligence Chung-Ang University