Fault Detection

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Overview

Fault detection studies how to recognize departures from normal operation and, increasingly, identify their source, severity, or likely consequences. Common approaches include statistical residuals and change-point tests, supervised classifiers, reconstruction-based anomaly detection, and temporal models trained on sensor, audio, image, or system-log data; physics-based models and domain knowledge can make their decisions easier to verify. Methods are tested on settings ranging from rotating machinery and power grids to industrial inspection, spacecraft telemetry, and software agents, with growing attention to online monitoring and edge deployment. A central challenge is detecting rare or unfamiliar faults while keeping false alarms low under changing operating conditions, and strong detection scores do not always translate into reliable fault localization or recovery.

Latest papers

CardsList

105 papers13 papers in the last four weeks, down 7% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Detecting bus delays and service anomalies in Niterói with autoencoder latent feature representations

    Oct 26, 2026Matheus Germano, Claudio E. C. CampeloAnomaly DetectionFault Detection

    Systems and Computing Department, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil

  2. Energy-Based Fault Detection and Isolation Framework for Flat Port-Hamiltonian Mechanical Systems

    Oct 24, 2026Johnny Garcia, Nicolas Salguero, Naveed Iqbal +2Fault DetectionFault Diagnosis

    Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia · Electrical Engineering Department and the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia · Electrical Engineering Department and the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia +1

  3. COMET: A coordinated multi-layer runtime monitoring framework for human-supervised AI-enabled safety systems

    Oct 21, 2026Niclas Flehmig, Mary Ann Lundteigen, Shen YinAI SafetyAI Agent Monitoring

    Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway · Department of Cybernetics Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

  4. Sensor Diagnosis for Fuel and Emissions Monitoring in Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

    Oct 15, 2026Tejas Dahiya, Saurabh Kumar GuptaFault DiagnosisFault Detection

    University of Chicago · University of Wisconsin–Madison

  5. Integrated Novelty Detection Systems: From Sensor Networks to Multi-Novelty Computer Vision

    Oct 14, 2026Irené TematelewoFault Detection

    Oregon State University

  6. When LiDAR Fades, Radar Takes Over: LiDAR Reliability-Aware Adaptive Localization Under Airborne Obscurants

    Oct 9, 2026Moumita Mukherjee, Avijit Banerjee, Anton Koval +1Robot LocalizationLiDAR Odometry

    Robotics and AI Group, Department of Computer, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden

  7. Unsupervised Maneuver-Aware Acoustic Fault Detection for Autonomous Drones

    Oct 7, 2026Ali M Ali, Ziyi Tang, Nurdaulet Nazarbay +1Fault DetectionUnsupervised Anomaly Detection

    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S-5B6, Canada · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

  8. QuSema: Detecting Silent Bugs in Quantum Libraries via Quantum-knowledge-enhanced Agents

    Oct 7, 2026Yujin Song, Kaining Zhang, Qixin Zhang +3Fault DetectionAutomated Software Testing

    Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China · Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China

  9. Who Went Where When on the Lunar Surface: Forensic Trajectory Analysis to Identify Byzantine Rovers

    Oct 2, 2026Lachlan Holden, Feras Dayoub, Melissa de Zwart +2Trajectory InferenceRobot State Estimation

    AI for Space Group · Andy Thomas Centre for Space Resources, Adelaide University, Australia.

  10. LLM-Driven Multi-Agent Control for Skill-Based Smart Manufacturing

    Oct 1, 2026Kay Köhle, Darko Anicic, Thomas A. Runkler +1ManufacturingMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Siemens AG, Foundational Technologies, Munich/Garching, Germany · Siemens AG, Digital Industries, Fürth, Germany

  11. Hard-Gate Candidacy in a Deployed Validator Suite

    Sep 30, 2026Xin XuAgent ReliabilityAgent Evaluation

    Carnegie Mellon University

  12. Cycle-Aware Autoencoder with Cross-SignalConsistency for Railway Door Anomaly Detection

    Sep 30, 2026Ammar Bouketta, Smail Niar, Hamza Ouarnoughi +1Industrial Anomaly DetectionFault Detection

    Universit´e Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, LAMIH CNRS UMR 8201, Valenciennes, France · Alstom, Crespin, France · Universit´e Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, LAMIH CNRS UMR 8201, INSA Hauts-de-France, Valenciennes, France +1

  13. SCORE-LM: State-Space Radar Representations with Language Models for Fault Diagnosis

    Sep 30, 2026Mainak Mallick, Seung-Kyum ChoiFault DetectionFault Diagnosis

    Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

  14. Analog Computing revisited: A fully analog and minimalistic Damage Detector for Ultrasonic Testing enabling Material-Integrated Structural Health Monitoring

    Sep 28, 2026Stefan BosseAnalog ComputingFault Detection

    University of Koblenz, Practical Computer Science, Koblenz, Germany

  15. EvEMTBench: An Open Benchmark for Machine Learning in Power System Protection

    Sep 23, 2026Julian Oelhaf, Georg Kordowich, Christian Bergler +3Domain GeneralizationFault Detection

    Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany · Institute of Electrical Energy Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany · Department of Electrical Engineering, Media and Computer Science, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden, Amberg 92224, Germany

  16. When Are Aggregate Agent Traces Diagnosable? Traffic-Governed Interpretation and Calibrated Abstention

    Sep 22, 2026Peiying Zhu, Sidi ChangAgent Failure AnalysisSelective Prediction

    Blossom AI San Francisco, CA, USA

  17. Offline Reinforcement Learning for Distribution-Grid Protection

    Sep 21, 2026Julian Oelhaf, Alexander Luce, Christian Bergler +2Conservative RLFault Detection

    Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · Department of Electrical Engineering, Media and Computer Science, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden, Amberg, Germany

  18. The Price of Self-Calibration: Exact Evidence Budgets and Manufactured Blind Sets in Adaptive Monitoring

    Sep 19, 2026Abdou-Raouf AtarmlaFault DetectionChange-Point Detection

    Institut National des Postes et Télécommunications, Rabat, Morocco · Togo AI Lab, Lomé, Togo

  19. Signal-Informed Temporal Routing for Vinyl Defect Regime Detection

    Sep 19, 2026Yi-Hung Kan, Homayoon BeigiFault DetectionAudio Editing

    Nonlinear Control Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA · Recognition Technologies, Inc., South Salem, NY, USA

  20. Serverless gossip training of LSTM failure detectors: A matched-protocol comparison with federated, local and centralized learning on NASA C-MAPSS

    Sep 17, 2026Yusuf Öztürk, Enes Göktekin, Bengisu Atlı +3Decentralized LearningFault Detection

    Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Türkiye · Department of Computer Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Türkiye · Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye +1

  21. RAFAIL: Relationship-Aware Failure Detection for Robotic Manipulation

    Sep 16, 2026Loris Schneider, Edgar Welte, Rania RayyesRobot Failure DetectionFault Detection

    Institute for Material Handling and Logistics (IFL), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Germany.

  22. Locating Hidden Failures Makes Long-Horizon Agents More Reliable

    Sep 15, 2026Salman Rahman, Yubin Kim, Mihir Parmar +15Agent Failure AnalysisAI Agent Reliability

    University of California, Los Angeles · New York University · Google Research +1

  23. Fault Diagnosis for Underwater Vehicles using Moving Horizon Estimation and Gaussian Processes

    Sep 13, 2026Fotis Panetsos, Kostas J. KyriakopoulosMoving Horizon EstimationFault Diagnosis

    Center for AI & Robotics (CAIR) and the Electrical Eng. Program, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  24. A Machine Learning Framework for Fault Detection, Isolation, and Severity Prediction of Autonomous VTOL Aircraft

    Sep 12, 2026Ripon C. Sarker, Pedram H. Dabaghian, Raman Goyal +1Fault DetectionFault Diagnosis

    Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, USA · SRI International Palo Alto, CA, USA

  25. TyPatch: Transforming Patches into Typestate Rules for Kernel Bug Detection

    Sep 12, 2026Ruoyu Wang, Tuo Li, Jia LiFault DetectionStatic Code Analysis

    College of AI Tsinghua University Beijing, China · The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China · Tsinghua University Beijing, China

  26. Robust Prototypical Networks for Few-Shot Sensor Fault Diagnosis

    Sep 10, 2026Mohammed Ayalew Belay, Amirshayan Haghipour, Pierluigi Salvo RossiPrototype-Based ClassificationFault Detection

    Simula UiB, Bergen, Norway · Dept. of Electronic Systems, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway · Dept. of Gas Technology, SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim, Norway

  27. Structure-Aware Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Spacecraft Telemetry with Adaptive EVT Thresholding

    Sep 9, 2026Óscar Alcarria, Rafael Sánchez, Javier Sempere +5Online Anomaly DetectionFault Detection

    Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain · GMV GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany · GMV, Madrid, Spain

  28. Robust Online Aero-Engine Blade Defect Detection via Dual-Alignment Test-Time Adaptation

    Sep 4, 2026Zhaoyang Wang, Haiyong Chen, Dongying Li +4Fault DetectionTest-Time Adaptation

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China · Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland

  29. From Static to Dynamic: Benchmarking Real-World Code Review with MCR-Bench

    Aug 27, 2026Dewu Zheng, Yanlin Wang, Xiwen Wang +5Automated Code ReviewSoftware Engineering

    Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Trusted Large Language Models, Zhuhai, China · Chongqing University, Chongqing, China · Huawei Cloud Computing Technologies Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China

  30. FaultLens: Learning Compact Behavioral Test Suites for Generated Operational Programs

    Aug 27, 2026Zeming Liu, Hang Lyu, Jingtao ZhangAutomated Software TestingMutation Testing

    Independent Researchers