Heart Rate Estimation

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Overview

Heart rate estimation aims to recover beats per minute from signals such as contact photoplethysmography (PPG), electrocardiograms, camera-based remote PPG, radar, thermal video, and accelerometers. Methods range from filtering and spectral peak detection to deep temporal networks, self-supervised learning, and fusion across sensors; many are tested on public video benchmarks, wearable recordings, and clinical or in-the-wild datasets. Current work targets robustness to motion, lighting, pose, sensor placement, and missing or poorly synchronized signals, with reliability scoring and selective prediction used to trade coverage for accuracy. A central challenge is whether strong benchmark results transfer across people and settings, while remaining fair and interpretable and distinguishing genuine physiological information from artifacts or chance agreement.

Latest papers

CardsList

31 papers5 papers in the last four weeks, up 67% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. An Agent Architecture with Tools and Memory for Selective Correction of Wrist PPG Heart Rate Estimates

    Oct 22, 2026Xu Wang, Shuhan Yi, Zhen ChengHeart Rate EstimationWearable Health Monitoring

    School of Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China · School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

  2. Interaction-Gated Time-Frequency Learning for Parameter-Efficient PPG-Based Heart Rate Estimation

    Oct 20, 2026Anh Khoi Pham, Phat Lam, Thien Truong Nguyen Ly +1Heart Rate EstimationPhotoplethysmography

    International University, Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam · University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada · Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam +1

  3. Deep Learning for Sleep Heart Rate Estimation from Accelerometers: Toward Population-Scale Cardiac Insight Without Optical Sensors

    Oct 5, 2026Tanbin Islam Rohan, Pranjol Sen Gupta, Tanusree Debi +1TransformerWearable Sensing

    Department of Information Technology Kennesaw State University Kennesaw, GA, USA · School of Computing University of Georgia Athens, GA, USA

  4. Learning to Assess Heartbeat Observability for mmWave Heart-Rate Sensing

    Oct 2, 2026Yuxuan Hu, Shilin Shan, Jianfei Yang +1Heart Rate EstimationmmWave Radar Sensing

    Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves, Ministry of Education, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China · School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798

  5. Oracle headroom without signal: null-calibrated evaluation of candidate selection for thermal heart rate estimation

    Oct 1, 2026Mohammad Rakibur Rahman, Nhi Nguyen, Sasan Sharifipour +4Heart Rate EstimationSelection Bias

    Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland

  6. Heartian: Physiology-Aware Relightable Gaussian Head Avatar

    Sep 22, 2026Xiaoyue Fan, Jose Echevarria, Akshay Paruchuri +13D Avatar GenerationRemote Photoplethysmography

    University College London London, UK · Adobe Research New York, NY, USA · Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA

  7. Beyond Contact Sensors: Deep learning with Pseudo-Labeling for remote Photoplethysmography

    Sep 9, 2026Bhargav Acharya, Barbara Hammer, Hanna DrimallaRemote PhotoplethysmographyHeart Rate Estimation

    Center for Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University

  8. Cross-Dataset Transfer and Reliability of Explainable Artificial Intelligence for RhythmFormer Remote Photoplethysmography

    Sep 3, 2026Louis Chen, Torbjörn E. M. NordlingRemote PhotoplethysmographyFeature Attribution

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

  9. Property-Specific Recoverability from Contact PPG to Camera rPPG under Heterogeneous Observation Conditions

    Aug 27, 2026Timothy Oladunni, Farouk Ganiyu-AdewumiRemote PhotoplethysmographyPhotoplethysmography

    Department of Computer Science, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

  10. CardioFusion-AI: Robust ECG--PPG Fusion for Multimodal Physiological Monitoring Under Signal Degradation

    Aug 26, 2026Navaneetha Krishnan Kamalakannan, Janakiraman KamalakannanMultimodal Sensor FusionWearable Health Monitoring

    Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering · Government Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital

  11. EgoHRV: Continuous Heart Rate Variability Estimation from Egocentric Systems for Autonomic Response and Skill Assessment

    Aug 19, 2026Berken Utku Demirel, Christian HolzHeart Rate EstimationRemote Photoplethysmography

    Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

  12. CardiacMamba: Fair and Robust RGB-RF Fusion for Remote Heart Rate Estimation via State Space Modeling

    Aug 16, 2026Bo Zhao, Zheng Wu, Yiping Xie +1Heart Rate EstimationRemote Photoplethysmography

    Great Bay University

  13. PhysAgent: A Multi-Agent Framework for Reliable Remote Heart Rate Estimation

    Jul 29, 2026Yehui Yang, Bo Zhao, Junzhe Cao +4Remote PhotoplethysmographyHeart Rate Estimation

    1Great Bay University · 2Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology · 3Macao Polytechnic University +1

  14. CanonicalPhys: Pose-Robust Remote Photoplethysmography via Canonical-Space Priors

    Jul 17, 2026Hui Wei, Seyedata Jodeiri Seyedian, Xiaobai Li +1Remote PhotoplethysmographyHeart Rate Estimation

    Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu · ELLIS Institute Finland · Zhejiang University

  15. Non-contact, Real-time, Heart-rate Measurement using Image Processing with Commodity Cameras and AI Agents

    Jul 6, 2026Kelly Li, Fulu LiRemote PhotoplethysmographyHeart Rate Estimation

  16. Physically-Constrained Harmonic Separation for Robust Heart and Respiratory Rate Estimation from Wrist Photoplethysmography

    Jun 29, 2026Nouhaila Fraihi, Ouassim Karrakchou, Mounir GhoghoHeart Rate EstimationPhysics-Informed ML

    1TICLab, International University of Rabat, Morocco · College of Computing, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Morocco · Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, UK

  17. RPM-Distill: Physiology-guided Adaptive Cross-modal Distillation for Robust Remote Physiological Measurement

    Jun 26, 2026Jiyao Wang, Qingyong Hu, Duoxun Tang +3Remote PhotoplethysmographyAdaptive Knowledge Distillation

    McGill University, Montreal, Canada · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China · Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China +1

  18. MS-rPPG: Multi-spectral State Space Model for Remote Photoplethysmography in Driver Monitoring Systems

    Jun 19, 2026Jiho Choi, Sang Jun LeeRemote PhotoplethysmographySelective SSMs

    Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea

  19. Explaining RhythmFormer: A Systematic XAI Analysis of Periodic Sparse Attention for Remote Photoplethysmography

    Jun 11, 2026Louis Chen, Torbjörn E. M. NordlingRemote PhotoplethysmographyTransformer Interpretability

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

  20. Illumination-Robust Camera-Based Heart-Rate Estimation for Physiological Sensing in Robots

    Jun 10, 2026Zhi Wei Xu, Torbjörn E. M. NordlingRemote PhotoplethysmographyDistribution Shift Robustness

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

  21. Spatial Artifact Coherence Determines Codec Robustness in Patch-Based rPPG

    Jun 2, 2026Achraf Ben AhmedRemote PhotoplethysmographyHeart Rate Estimation

    PlesmoSense SARL

  22. Multi-site PPG: An In-the-Wild Physiological Dataset from Emerging Multi-site Wearables

    May 18, 2026Jiayi Shao, Jiaying Ye, Shengyao Liu +4Wearable SensingHeart Rate Estimation

    University of Washington · 2Purdue University

  23. Video-based Heart Rate Estimation with Angle-guided ROI Optimization and Graph Signal Denoising

    Apr 13, 2026Gan Pei, Junhao Ning, Boqiu Shen +2Heart Rate EstimationRemote Photoplethysmography

    Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University · Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University · Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University

  24. An Integrated Soft Robotic System for Measuring Vital Signs in Search and Rescue Environments

    Apr 1, 2026Jorge Francisco García-Samartín, Christyan Cruz Ulloa, Andrés Sánchez-Silva +2Heart Rate EstimationSearch-and-Rescue Robotics

    Centro de Automática y Robótica (UPM - CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain

  25. Reliability-Aware Weighted Multi-Scale Spatio-Temporal Maps for Heart Rate Monitoring

    Mar 27, 2026Arpan Bairagi, Rakesh Dey, Siladittya Manna +1Remote PhotoplethysmographyHeart Rate Estimation

    ⋆CVPR Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India · † Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India

  26. Deriving Health Metrics from the Photoplethysmogram: Benchmarks and Insights from MIMIC-III-Ext-PPG

    Mar 23, 2026Mohammad Moulaeifard, Philip J. Aston, Peter H. Charlton +1Clinical PredictionPhotoplethysmography

    AI4Health Department, Oldenburg University, Oldenburg, Germany · Department of Data Science and AI, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom · School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom +1

  27. PhysNeXt: Next-Generation Dual-Branch Structured Attention Fusion Network for Remote Photoplethysmography Measurement

    Mar 20, 2026Junzhe Cao, Bo Zhao, Zhiyi Niu +5Remote PhotoplethysmographyHeart Rate Estimation

    Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen · Great Bay University · Hefei University of Technology +1

  28. VideoPulse: Neonatal heart rate and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) estimation from contact free video

    Feb 27, 2026Deependra Dewagiri, Kamesh Anuradha, Pabadhi Liyanage +6Heart Rate EstimationRemote Photoplethysmography

    Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka · School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia · Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka

  29. Non-Contact Physiological Monitoring in Pediatric Intensive Care Units via Adaptive Masking and Self-Supervised Learning

    Feb 17, 2026Mohamed Khalil Ben Salah, Philippe Jouvet, Rita NoumeirRemote PhotoplethysmographyHeart Rate Estimation

    Biomedical Information Processing Laboratory, École de Technologie Supérieure, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada · Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada

  30. Thermal Imaging for Contactless Cardiorespiratory and Sudomotor Response Monitoring

    Feb 12, 2026Constantino Álvarez Casado, Mohammad Rahman, Sasan Sharifipour +4Thermal ImagingHeart Rate Estimation

    Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland · Candour Ltd, Oulu, Finland