Selection Bias

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6 papers in the last four weeks, up 50% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

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Causal Discovery Under Hard Selection Bias: A New Robust Score-Matching Approach
Oct 13, 2026Yiwen Qiu, Francesco Montagna, Shimeng Huang +1Causal Discovery Selection Bias
IST Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400
Shared and structured inputs undermine collective random choice by reasoning AI agents
Oct 7, 2026Takahiro Ezaki, Naoto Imura, Katsuhiro NishinariAI Agent Evaluation Selection Bias
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan · Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
EasyClassifier: Honest, Reproducible Machine-Learning Classification for Researchers Who Do Not Program
Oct 3, 2026Ahmad B. A. Hassanat, Ghada A. AltarawnehML Reproducibility Classification
Faculty of Information Technology, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan · Department of Accounting, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Oracle headroom without signal: null-calibrated evaluation of candidate selection for thermal heart rate estimation
Oct 1, 2026Mohammad Rakibur Rahman, Nhi Nguyen, Sasan Sharifipour +4Heart Rate Estimation Selection Bias
Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS), University of Oulu, Finland
False Floors: LLM Safety Routing Evaluations Break Under Distribution Shift
Oct 1, 2026Amit Singh Bhatti, Vishal VaddinaLLM Safety Benchmarks Distribution Shift Robustness
Quantiphi Analytics
Learning-Enabled Estimation: Tight Characterizations under Sample Selection Biases
Sep 29, 2026Vikram Kher, Jane H. Lee, Anay Mehrotra +1Selection Bias
Yale University · Stanford University
Oracle Gaps in Reliability Coverage: Sampling Noise or Policy Specialization?
Sep 26, 2026Mert Onur Cakiroglu, Mehmet Dalkilic, Hasan KurbanLLM Reliability Selection Bias
Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA · College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
When Edit Localization Amplifies Relative Selection Bias: Gradient Geometry, Target Mismatch, and Importance Weighting
Sep 12, 2026Shengwei Zhang, Haoda Dai, Yifei Li +1Selection Bias Importance Weighting
University of Pennsylvania
Loading history and window geometry bound compact-state slip ranking during granular shear startup
Sep 9, 2026Ruixin Zhou, Boliang YuMaterials Science Time Series Forecasting
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Semi-Supervised Learning under Spatially Biased Sampling
Sep 7, 2026Bright Wiredu Nuakoh, Francky Fouedjio, Stephen Bradshaw +4Distribution Shift Semi-Supervised Learning
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), 17 KN 16 Ave, Kigali, Rwanda · Mathematical Application & Data Analytics Group, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia · Data & Analytics, Rio Tinto, 152-158 St Georges Terrace, Perth, WA 6000, Australia +2
A survey detection channel overrides the pixels in an astronomical foundation model, and biases tomographic mean redshifts
Aug 23, 2026Ihor KendiukhovSelection Bias AI-Assisted Scientific Research
Independent researcher
Sampling Luck Masquerades as Allocation Gain: Auditing Test-Time Budget Allocation for Neural Combinatorial Optimization
Aug 13, 2026Jinhyung BaeAlgorithmic Auditing Inference-Time Compute Allocation
Department of Industrial and Management Engineering and the AI Data Convergence program, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea
Automatic Statistical Test for Rationally Expressible Algorithms by Selective Inference, with Applications to Feature Selection
Aug 5, 2026Teruyuki Katsuoka, Tomohiro Shiraishi, Shuichi Nishino +1Selective Inference Selection Bias
Nagoya University · RIKEN
When May a Model Replace the Experiment? Audits, Licenses, and the Price of Trust in Surrogate-Driven Design
Aug 2, 2026Shuangxiu, Ma, Wenhe +1Surrogate Modeling Surrogate-Assisted Optimization
Max · William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States · Zachary +1
Selection Shapes the Boundary: A Preregistered Replication of Monotonicity and Label Agreement in Unselected NLI Populations
Jul 21, 2026Haram ChoiAnnotator Disagreement Selection Bias
University of Bremen
The Curvature Shadow: An Apparent Failure of Maximum-Entropy Equilibrium Selection is a Removable Artifact
Jul 20, 2026Luis LealNash Equilibrium Imperfect-Information Games
K-ABENA: K-Adaptive Backpropagation with Error-based N-exclusion Algorithm : (Compensated Loss-Based Sample Exclusion with Unbiased Gradient Estimation)
Jul 7, 2026Jean-Francois BonbhelBackpropagation Neural Network Optimization
NeuroSoft IA, Qu´ebec City, Canada · YekoElite University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Heckman-Corrected Epistemic Uncertainty: Selection on Unobservables Defeats Importance Weighting
Jul 7, 2026Gunner Levi HoweSelection Bias Uncertainty Calibration
Independent Researcher
Identifying Structural Biases from Causal Mechanism Shifts
Jun 17, 2026Praharsh Nanavati, Jilles Vreeken, David KaltenpothStructural Causal Models Causal Discovery
CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security
The Illusion of Improvement: Reject Inference Strategies in Credit Scoring
Jun 16, 2026Bruno Scarone, Ricardo Baeza-YatesCredit Scoring Selection Bias
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA · KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Beyond the Training Distribution: Evaluating Predictions Under Distribution Shift and Selection Bias
Jun 12, 2026Annie Ulichney, Amanda CostonDouble ML Distribution Shift Robustness
Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley
When Sample Selection Bias Precipitates Model Collapse
Jun 11, 2026Xinbao Qiao, Xianglong Du, Wei Liu +4Synthetic Data Pretraining Model Collapse
National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute · Chongqing Key Laboratory of Trusted Perception and Interaction Technology for Intelligent and Connected Vehicles, Chongqing, China · The Chinese University of Hong Kong +4
A Practical Upper Bound on Selection Bias Effects in Medical Prediction Models
May 30, 2026Kara Liu, Maggie Wang, Russ B. AltmanOOD Generalization Selection Bias
Stanford University · Stanford, California, USA
Who Uses AI? Platform Selection and the Measurement of Occupational AI Exposure
May 20, 2026Michelle Yin, Burhan OgutSelection Bias AI and Labor
School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, 2120 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 · School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University · American Institutes for Research
The Illusion of Intervention: Your LLM-Simulated Experiment is an Observational Study
May 20, 2026Victoria Lin, Taedong Yun, Maja Matarić +3Human Behavior Simulation Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
Google DeepMind · Carnegie Mellon University
Towards a holistic understanding of Selection Bias for Causal Effect Identification
May 13, 2026Yiwen Qiu, Filip Kovačević, Shimeng Huang +2Causal Effect Estimation Data Selection
Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) · Carnegie Mellon University
Correcting Selection Bias in Sparse User Feedback for Large Language Model Quality Estimation: A Multi-Agent Hierarchical Bayesian Approach
May 12, 2026Andrea Morandi, Mahesh ViswanathanLLM Evaluation Bayesian Inference
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Who Trains Matters: Federated Learning under Enrollment and Participation Selection Biases
Apr 29, 2026Gota MorishitaInverse Probability Weighting Federated Learning Aggregation
Centre for Brain, Mind and Markets University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Overcoming Selection Bias in Statistical Studies With Amortized Bayesian Inference
Apr 20, 2026Jonas Arruda, Sophie Chervet, Paula Staudt +6Simulation-Based Inference Amortized Inference
Bonn Center for Mathematical Life Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany · Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany · Epidemiology and Modeling of Antibiotic Evasion Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France +12
CIV-DG: Conditional Instrumental Variables for Domain Generalization in Medical Imaging
Mar 26, 2026Shaojin Bai, Yuting Su, Weizhi NieDomain Generalization Cross-Domain Generalization
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

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Causal Discovery Under Hard Selection Bias: A New Robust Score-Matching Approach

Yiwen Qiu, Francesco Montagna, Shimeng Huang, Francesco Locatello

IST Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400

Causal Discovery Selection Bias Score Matching

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Selection bias is a difficult yet widespread problem in causal discovery, occurring whenever non-random selection processes lead to data that is not representative of the underlying populations. Due to its practical importance, related works have been proposed to address the problem under local [Versteeg et al., 2022] or interventional settings [Dai et al., 2025a], but general algorithms for observational data remain elusive. In this paper, we focus on truncated data (hard selection), and provide a general result for Additive Noise Models (ANM). We show that score-based methods are a surprisingly suitable candidate due to a special property of the score function (

\nabla \log p(x)

): deterministic truncation preserves both the score of the joint distribution as well as the Jacobian of the score. While established score-matching algorithms still fail in most settings, we actively leverage this observation to propose a new method for causal discovery that is robust under truncated data with ANMs. Overall, our approach offers a general, robust solution that is agnostic to external information about the selection process and still achieves comparable performance to the state-of-the-art approaches when selection is not present.