LLM Agent Orchestration

LLM: Large Language Model

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Overview

LLM agent orchestration studies how to organize language models, tools, and specialized agents into systems that can solve tasks requiring multiple steps. Common approaches include sequential and hierarchical pipelines, graph-based workflows, parallel delegation, adaptive routing, and plan–execute–reflect loops, with memory and verification used to manage state and catch errors. Work is evaluated on tasks such as coding, web research, tool use, and domain workflows, using measures that include success, cost, latency, and reliability. A central open tension is that added coordination can improve difficult tasks but also increase cost and failure opportunities, and its benefits depend on the model, task structure, and quality of execution controls.

Latest papers

CardsList

463 papers61 papers in the last four weeks, up 74% on the four weeks before. 0.4% of all new papers.

  1. Talk Freely, Execute Strictly: Schema-Gated Agentic AI for Flexible and Reproducible Scientific Workflows

    Mar 6, 2026Joel Strickland, Arjun Vijeta, Chris Moores +7LLM Agent OrchestrationScientific Workflow Automation

    Intellegens, The Studio, Chesterton Mill, Cambridge, CB4 3NP, UK · Independent Researcher · Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK

  2. MASFactory: A Graph-centric Framework for Orchestrating LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems with Vibe Graphing

    Mar 6, 2026Yang Liu, Jinxuan Cai, Yishen Li +6LLM Agent OrchestrationMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Shanghai Jiao Tong University

  3. Building Effective AI Coding Agents for the Terminal: Scaffolding, Harness, Context Engineering, and Lessons Learned

    Mar 5, 2026Nghi D. Q. BuiAI Coding AgentsCoding Agents

    OpenDev

  4. GCAgent: Enhancing Group Chat Communication through Dialogue Agents System

    Mar 5, 2026Zijie Meng, Zheyong Xie, Zheyu Ye +5Conversational AgentsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Xiaohongshu Inc. Shanghai, China · University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

  5. Mozi: Governed Autonomy for Drug Discovery LLM Agents

    Mar 4, 2026He Cao, Siyu Liu, Fan Zhang +7AI Agents for Scientific DiscoveryLLM Agent Orchestration

  6. MistyPilot: An Agentic Fast-Slow Thinking LLM Framework for Misty Social Robots

    Mar 4, 2026Xiao Wang, Lu Dong, Jingchen Sun +3Agentic AI for RoboticsLLM Agent Orchestration

    State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA

  7. Organizing, Orchestrating, and Benchmarking Agent Skills at Ecosystem Scale

    Mar 2, 2026Hao Li, Chunjiang Mu, Jianhao Chen +5LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Skill Retrieval

    Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

  8. CeProAgents: A Hierarchical Agents System for Automated Chemical Process Development

    Mar 2, 2026Yuhang Yang, Ruikang Li, Jifei Ma +8Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Orchestration

    State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China · Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China

  9. S5-HES Agent: Society 5.0-driven Agentic Framework to Democratize Smart Home Environment Simulation

    Mar 2, 2026Akila Siriweera, Janani Rangila, Keitaro Naruse +2Internet of ThingsLLM Agent Orchestration

    The University of Aizu, Aizu Wakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan · The KD University, Rathmalana, Colombo, Sri Lanka

  10. Graph-Based Self-Healing Tool Routing for Cost-Efficient LLM Agents

    Mar 2, 2026Neeraj BholaniLLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Routing

  11. Catalyst-Agent: Autonomous heterogeneous catalyst screening with an LLM Agent

    Mar 1, 2026Achuth Chandrasekhar, Janghoon Ock, Amir Barati FarimaniLLM Agent OrchestrationMaterials Science

    Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA · Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA · Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA +3

  12. TraceSIR: A Multi-Agent Framework for Structured Analysis and Reporting of Agentic Execution Traces

    Feb 28, 2026Shu-Xun Yang, Cunxiang Wang, Haoke Zhang +12Agent Failure AnalysisReasoning Trace Analysis

    Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China · Zhipu AI, Beijing, China · Tsinghua University, Beijing, China +1

  13. A Novel Hierarchical Multi-Agent System for Payments Using LLMs

    Feb 27, 2026Joon Kiat Chua, Donghao Huang, Zhaoxia WangMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Systems

    School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, 80 Stamford Rd, Singapore 178902, Singapore · Research and Development, Mastercard, 4250 Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203, USA

  14. The Auton Agentic AI Framework

    Feb 27, 2026Sheng Cao, Zhao Chang, Chang Li +3Agentic AILLM Agent Orchestration

  15. ESAA: Event Sourcing for Autonomous Agents in LLM-Based Software Engineering

    Feb 26, 2026Elzo Brito dos Santos FilhoSoftware Engineering AgentsLLM Agent Orchestration

  16. ClawMobile: Rethinking Smartphone-Native Agentic Systems

    Feb 26, 2026Hongchao Du, Shangyu Wu, Qiao Li +4Mobile GUI AgentsLLM Agent Orchestration

    MBZUAI Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates · City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China · Independent Researcher Hong Kong, China

  17. MiroFlow: Towards High-Performance and Robust Open-Source Agent Framework for General Deep Research Tasks

    Feb 26, 2026Shiqian Su, Sen Xing, Xuan Dong +13Autonomous Research AgentsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Tsinghua University · MiroMind AI · National University of Singapore +1

  18. Agentic AI for Intent-driven Optimization in Cell-free O-RAN

    Feb 26, 2026Mohammad Hossein Shokouhi, Vincent W. S. WongWireless CommunicationsIntent-Based Networking

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

  19. DuCCAE: A Hybrid Engine for Immersive Conversation via Collaboration, Augmentation, and Evolution

    Feb 25, 2026Xin Shen, Zhishu Jiang, Jiaye Yang +13Conversational AgentsLLM Agent Serving

    Baidu Inc, Beijing, China

  20. Training-Free Agentic AI: Probabilistic Control and Coordination in Multi-Agent LLM Systems

    Feb 24, 2026Mohammad Parsa Hosseini, Ankit Shah, Saiyra Qureshi +3Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Accenture.

  21. Architecting AgentOS: From Token-Level Context to Emergent System-Level Intelligence

    Feb 24, 2026ChengYou Li, XiaoDong Liu, XiangBao Meng +1Cognitive Architectures for AI AgentsLLM Context Management

    Yishu Research · Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Japan · National University of Singapore

  22. Agentic AI for Scalable and Robust Optical Systems Control

    Feb 23, 2026Zehao Wang, Mingzhe Han, Wei Cheng +12LLM Agent OrchestrationAI Agent Benchmarks

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA · NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA · Duke Quantum Center and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708 +4

  23. A General Equilibrium Theory of Orchestrated AI Agent Systems

    Feb 23, 2026Jean-Philippe GarnierMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Coordination

    Br.AI.K

  24. SkillOrchestra: Learning to Route Agents via Skill Transfer

    Feb 23, 2026Jiayu Wang, Yifei Ming, Zixuan Ke +3LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Routing

    University of Wisconsin-Madison · Salesforce AI Research

  25. Robust and Efficient Tool Orchestration via Layered Execution Structures with Reflective Correction

    Feb 21, 2026Tao Zhe, Haoyu Wang, Bo Luo +6LLM Tool UseLLM Agent Orchestration

    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA · NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ, USA · Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore +2

  26. Orchestrating LLM Agents for Scientific Research: A Pilot Study of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) Generation and Evaluation

    Feb 21, 2026Yuan AnMultiple-Choice Question GenerationAI-Assisted Scientific Research

    College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

  27. LAMMI-Pathology: A Tool-Centric Bottom-Up LVLM-Agent Framework for Molecularly Informed Medical Intelligence in Pathology

    Feb 21, 2026Haoyang Su, Shaoting Zhang, Xiaosong WangTool-Using Vision-Language AgentsComputational Pathology

    Fudan University · Shanghai Innovation Institute · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory +1

  28. OpenSage: Self-programming Agent Generation Engine

    Feb 18, 2026Hongwei Li, Zhun Wang, Qinrun Dai +11LLM Agent OrchestrationSelf-Evolving Agents

    UC Santa Barbara · UC Berkeley · University of Colorado Boulder +4

  29. AdaptOrch: Task-Adaptive Multi-Agent Orchestration in the Era of LLM Performance Convergence

    Feb 18, 2026Geunbin YuMulti-Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Orchestration

    Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea National Open University

  30. From Tool Orchestration to Code Execution: A Study of MCP Design Choices

    Feb 17, 2026Yuval Felendler, Parth A. Gandhi, Idan Habler +2LLM Agent OrchestrationMCP Security

    Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ben Gurion University of The Negev