LLM Agent Orchestration

LLM: Large Language Model

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Overview

LLM agent orchestration studies how to organize language models, tools, and specialized agents into systems that can solve tasks requiring multiple steps. Common approaches include sequential and hierarchical pipelines, graph-based workflows, parallel delegation, adaptive routing, and plan–execute–reflect loops, with memory and verification used to manage state and catch errors. Work is evaluated on tasks such as coding, web research, tool use, and domain workflows, using measures that include success, cost, latency, and reliability. A central open tension is that added coordination can improve difficult tasks but also increase cost and failure opportunities, and its benefits depend on the model, task structure, and quality of execution controls.

Latest papers

CardsList

463 papers61 papers in the last four weeks, up 74% on the four weeks before. 0.4% of all new papers.

  1. Advancing Clinical Genomic Analysis with a Skill-Centred Agent

    Oct 29, 2026Qiaoyu Zheng, Weike Zhao, Yanjie Fan +10Medical AI AgentsClinical Decision Support

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China · Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China +2

  2. Can AI Agents Interface Clinicians and Complex Models?

    Oct 29, 2026Giulio Colombini, Matteo Falcioni, Mario Massimo +5Medical AI AgentsMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy. · Sezione di Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Viale Carlo Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy. · Centre for Advanced Studies on Tourism, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Angherà 22, 47900 Rimini, Italy. +1

  3. Can Image Agents Complete Visual Commissions? A Benchmark and Modular Framework

    Oct 29, 2026Tong Li, Lishuai Gao, Qi Zeng +4AI Agent BenchmarksLLM Agent Orchestration

    Meituan · University of Science and Technology of China

  4. DocSkill: Skill-Integrated Agentic Reasoning for Multilingual Multi-Hop Document Question Answering

    Oct 27, 2026Jing Huang, Zhiya Tan, Changtao Miao +5Multi-Hop QAMultilingual QA

    Ant Digital Technologies, Ant Group · Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Singapore Management University, Singapore +1

  5. The Inbox as a Coordination Primitive for LLM Agent Societies

    Oct 26, 2026Karthik Sreedhar, Leo Yuan, Pradyumna Chari +1Multi-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Communication

    MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, USA

  6. EREBOTS 4.0: A framework for conversational assistants with A2A agents and MCP tools

    Oct 26, 2026Elia Pacioni, Davide Calvaresi, Andrei C. Coman +4Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agents

    HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Rue de Technopôle 10, 3960 Sierre, Switzerland · University of Extremadura, 06800, Mérida, Spain

  7. DynaFlow: Learning Free-Form Multi-Agent Orchestration

    Oct 25, 2026Ruhao Liu, Qi Li, Shizun Wang +1Multi-Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Orchestration

    National University of Singapore

  8. AgentBaton: Efficient Model Collaboration in Agentic Tasks

    Oct 25, 2026Junlong Li, Jindong Jiang, Yonggan Fu +6LLM Agent EfficiencyLLM Agent Orchestration

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Project Leads · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  9. Numina Fuse: Interactive Autoformalization in Lean 4

    Oct 24, 2026Justin Asher, Yichuan Cao, Ruichen Qiu +2AutoformalizationLLM Agent Harnesses

    Project Numina · Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Naples Federico II

  10. AgentOrch: How Close Can Global Orchestration Come to Step-by-Step Interaction?

    Oct 24, 2026Zijie Liu, Qi Yang Huang, Jinhao Duan +6LLM Agent OrchestrationEnterprise AI Agents

    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · Workato

  11. AOS-Bench: Can LLM Agents Manage Dynamic Workloads?

    Oct 23, 2026Erle Zhu, Genrui Zhang, Keyang Hu +2LLM Agent OrchestrationCoding Agent Benchmarks

    Tsinghua University · Columbia University

  12. Async-RBench: Benchmarking Asynchronous Task Execution in LLM Agents

    Oct 23, 2026Detao Zeng, Guilin Ou, Nuo Chen +5LLM Agent EvaluationAI Agent Benchmarks

    University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

  13. Knowing When to Stop: The Evidence-Action Gap in Coding Agents

    Oct 22, 2026Tianyu Chen, Xinran Zhao, Vijay Viswanathan +3AI Coding AgentsProcess-Based Agent Evaluation

    The University of Texas at Austin · Carnegie Mellon University · The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

  14. Sage-A1.5: From Long-Horizon Execution to Scientific Exploration with Capability Composition

    Oct 20, 2026Wenjie Lou, Tianshuo Peng, Shiyang Feng +96Long-Horizon LLM AgentsAI Agents for Scientific Discovery

  15. MMedAgent-Plus: Scaling Multimodal Medical Agents across Modalities, Tasks and Workflows

    Oct 19, 2026Ruoxin Wang, Yuanting Pan, Binxu Li +13Medical AI AgentsTool-Using Vision-Language Agents

    Duke University · Stanford University · Yale University +7

  16. VISAGENT: An Agent-Based End-to-End Voice Interaction System

    Oct 19, 2026Xiang Wang, Zhaoxiang Liu, Xiang Chen +3LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Routing

    Data Science & Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, China Unicom · Unicom Data Intelligence, China Unicom

  17. Design Anything, Design at Scale

    Oct 17, 2026Xuchao Ren, Siyuan Feng, Jing Huang +8Agentic WorkflowsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University · Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology · Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology +1

  18. Where Natural Language Ends in Agents: Executable Skill Composition with MetaSkill

    Oct 17, 2026Meng Shu, Wei He, Hang Zhou +3LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agents

    TokenRhythm Technologies · Xidian University · Beijing Institute of Technology

  19. MS-Eval: Benchmarking Sub-Agent Delegation and Orchestration in MCP-Intensive Working Scenarios

    Oct 16, 2026Bowen Ding, Qixin Wang, Lexing Ruan +4LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Evaluation

    Zhejiang University · School of Engineering, Westlake University · Independent Researcher +1

  20. R2^2Orch: Recursive Self-Improvement for Agent Orchestration via Self-Play within a Skill-Internalization Loop

    Oct 15, 2026Mingda Zhang, Yun Huang, Qiang Huang +7LLM Agent OrchestrationSelf-Improving Agents

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China · Fudan University, China · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA +2

  21. OpenGCUA: Toward a Fully Open Stack for Generalist Computer Use

    Oct 15, 2026Hanzhang Zhou, Long Li, Quyu Kong +12Computer-Use AgentsLLM Agent Harnesses

    Alibaba Token Hub, Alibaba Group

  22. HTN-Orchestrate: A Hierarchical Task Network Framework for Multi-Agent Orchestration

    Oct 15, 2026Yanchen Deng, Jianguo Huang, Yao Long Teng +6Multi-Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Orchestration

    Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Apodex.

  23. ISW-Agent: Integrating LLM-Driven Dialogue with n8n Workflow for Internal Solitary Wave Remote Sensing Image Processing

    Oct 15, 2026Hao Zhang, Hengrui Liu, Lina Sun +1Remote Sensing Image UnderstandingLLM Agent Orchestration

    First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China

  24. Jev-LiteMAS: Separating Decisions from Generation in Multi-Agent Workflows

    Oct 15, 2026Kaixiang Wang, Zhaijiacheng Zhou, Jiong Lou +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

  25. SSR: Structural Signal Retriever for Scalable Agent Discovery in LLM-Orchestrated Multi-Agent Systems

    Oct 15, 2026Giancarlo Maldonado Cárdenas, Carlos A. Astudillo, Nelson L. S. da FonsecaMulti-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Institute of Computing – State University of Campinas, Brazil

  26. Same Context, Different Agents: A Behavioral Study of Semantic Layers, Multi-Agent Orchestration and Memory Compaction in Data Agents

    Oct 14, 2026Zhivar Sourati, Marianne Menglin Liu, Zheng Wang +6Context Compaction for LLM AgentsLLM Agents

    University of Southern California · Oracle AI · University of Pennsylvania

  27. The Agentic Scientist: Orchestrating Coding Agents for Automated Scientific (Co-)Discovery

    Oct 13, 2026Robert Tjarko Lange, Luca Grillotti, Yutaro Yamada +2AI Agents for Scientific DiscoveryAI-Assisted Scientific Research

    Sakana AI

  28. MADDIE: Multi-Agent Drug Discovery Engine

    Oct 12, 2026Ye Liu, Reza Averly, Avery Meyer +4Drug DiscoveryMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University. · Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University. · Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University. +1

  29. Persistent LLM Orchestration of Heterogeneous Robot Teams via Partial Delegation to Multi-Agent Protocols

    Oct 10, 2026Maria G. Mendoza, Victoria M. Tuck, Zachary Ravichandran +2LLM Agent OrchestrationLarge Language Model-Based Robot Planning

    Department of Mechanical Engineering (M.G.M.) and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (S.S.), University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. · Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

  30. A Reference Architecture for Integrating Agentic AI into Enterprise Software: Responsibilities, Interactions, and Variability

    Oct 10, 2026Mingqin Yu, Fethi Rabhi, Liming Zhu +1AI Agent ArchitectureAgentic AI

    UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia · School of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia · CSIRO, Sydney, Australia +1