LLM Reasoning

LLM: Large Language Model

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68 papers in the last four weeks, up 143% on the four weeks before. 0.7% of all new papers.

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Caliper: Probing Lexical Anchors versus Causal Structure in LLMs
Jun 3, 2026Zhenyu Yu, Shuigeng ZhouCausal Reasoning in Language Models Causal Reasoning
Fudan University
GRAIL: Gradient-Reweighted Advantages for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards
Jun 3, 2026Tej Deep Pala, Vernon Toh, Soujanya PoriaRL for Language Model Reasoning Credit Assignment in RL
DeCLaRe Lab, Nanyang Technological University
Simulate, Reason, Decide: Scientific Reasoning with LLMs for Simulation-Driven Decision Making
Jun 3, 2026Yuhan Yang, Ruipu Li, Alexander RodríguezAI for Science Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning
Computer Science and Engineering University of Michigan
Entity Binding Failures in Speech LLM Reasoning: Diagnosis and Chain-of-Thought Intervention
Jun 3, 2026Ming-Hao Hsu, Xiaohai Tian, Jun Zhang +1CoT Reasoning Speech Language Models
School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China · ByteDance, China
Stepwise Reasoning Enhancement for LLMs via External Subgraph Generation
Jun 3, 2026Xin Zhang, Yang Cao, Baoxing Wu +2LLM Grounding LLM Reasoning with Graphs
School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University · School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Not All Errors Are Equal: Consequence-Aware Reasoning Compute Allocation
Jun 3, 2026Liang He, Jingbo Wen, Haoyu Wang +4Cost-Aware Inference Inference-Time Compute Allocation
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics · The University of Sydney
DLLG: Dynamic Logit-Level Gating of LLM Experts
Jun 3, 2026Bingnan Li, Zhaoyang Zhang, Xiaoze Liu +6Ensemble Learning Language Model Ensembles
AWS Agentic AI, Seattle, US · University of California San Diego, La Jolla, US · Purdue University, West Lafayette, US
Answer Self-Consistency with Margin-Triggered Question Re-Arbitration for the CVPR 2026 VidLLMs Challenge
Jun 3, 2026Tomoya Miyazawa, Hiroyasu OkunoVLM Evaluation Self-Consistency Decoding
Data Analytics Labo Co.
Rotate2Think: Geometric Priming via Orthogonal Rotation to Improve Language Model Reasoning
Jun 2, 2026Aditya Sharma, Christopher J. Pal, Amal ZouaqNeural Representation Geometry Representation Geometry in Language Models
Polytechnique Montréal · Mila - Quebec AI Institute · LAMA-WeST Lab +1
Agentic Chain-of-Thought Steering for Efficient and Controllable LLM Reasoning
Jun 2, 2026Yu Xia, Zhouhang Xie, Xin Xu +4Language Model Steering CoT Reasoning
University of California San Diego1 · Intuit AI Research2
Reasoning Structure of Large Language Models
Jun 2, 2026Frédéric Berdoz, Luca A. Lanzendörfer, Fabian Farestam +1Logical Reasoning LLM Evaluation
1ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
HybridThinker: Efficient Chain-of-Thought Reasoning via Compressed Memory and Transient Thought Steps
Jun 2, 2026Xin Liu, Runsong Zhao, Xinyu Liu +8Memory-Augmented Language Models Efficient Language Model Reasoning
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China · China Unicom Cloud-Link, China · NiuTrans Research, Shenyang, China
From Answers to States: Verifiable Process-Level Evaluation of Chemical Reasoning in Large Language Models
Jun 2, 2026Hongyu Guo, Hao Li, He Cao +2LLM Evaluation LLM Reasoning
Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School · International Digital Economy Academy (IDEA)
ThoughtFold: Folding Reasoning Chains via Introspective Preference Learning
Jun 2, 2026Ziyan Liu, Xueda Shen, Yuzhe Gu +7Efficient Language Model Reasoning Preference Optimization
Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · University of Science and Technology of China · MMLab, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hint-Guided Diversified Policy Optimization for LLM Reasoning
Jun 2, 2026Zhiyu Cao, Kaixin Wu, Mingjie Zhong +4Reasoning Diversity RL for Language Model Reasoning
School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China · Ant Group, Hangzhou, China
Inducing Reasoning Primitives from Agent Traces
Jun 2, 2026Zhihan Lei, Jiarui Yan, Joshua Momo +1LLM Agent Skill Learning Agentic Reasoning
Carnegie Mellon University
Linear Probes Detect Task Format, Not Reasoning Mode in Language Model Hidden States
Jun 1, 2026Subramanyam Sahoo, Vinija Jain, Aman Chadha +1LLM Interpretability Representation Geometry in Language Models
Horizon Research · Meta · Apple +1
Geometric Latent Reasoning Induces Shorter Generations in LLMs
Jun 1, 2026Shashi Kumar, Yacouba Kaloga, Petr Motlicek +2Efficient Language Model Reasoning Continuous Latent Reasoning
Idiap Research Institute, Switzerland · EPFL, Switzerland · BUT, Czech Republic
Visual Graph Scaffolds for Structural Reasoning in Large Language Models
Jun 1, 2026Runlin Lei, Xiaokui Xiao, Zhewei WeiLLM Reasoning with Graphs LLM Prompting
Renmin University of China · National University of Singapore
eMoT: evolving Memory-of-Thought via Symbolic Anchoring and Memory Corrosion
Jun 1, 2026Xiang Li, Jiwei Wei, Ke Liu +5Memory-Augmented Language Models LLM Mathematical Reasoning
Center for Future Media, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Unlocking the Black Box of Latent Reasoning: An Interpretability-Guided Approach to Intervention
May 31, 2026Shuochen Chang, Tong Bai, Xiaofeng Zhang +5LLM Interpretability Causal Interventions in Language Models
1Shanghai Jiao Tong University · 2Fudan University
Thinking Economically: A Hierarchical Framework for Adaptive-Complexity Reasoning in LLMs
May 31, 2026Yubo Gao, Haotian Wu, Hong Chen +8LLM Inference Efficiency CoT Reasoning
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Nanyang Technological University +1
Temporal Evidence Routing with Structured Visual Evidence for TimeLogicQA
May 31, 2026Yuyang Sun, Yongliang Wu, Xingyu Zhu +8Video QA Structured Reasoning
Southeast University · National University of Singapore · Independent Researcher +2
ThinkSwitch: Context Distillation with LoRA and Weight Interpolation for Specific-Purpose Reasoning Tasks
May 31, 2026Dhruv Saini, Rohan PandeyEfficient Language Model Reasoning Language Model Distillation
Bellevue High School · DigitalOcean
On the Generalization Gap in Self-Evolving Language Model Reasoning
May 31, 2026Zhenting Qi, Susanna Maria Baby, Stefanie Anna Baby +5LLM Self-Refinement Language Modeling
Google Research · Harvard University · Google +1
Plausibility Is Not Prediction: Contrastive Evidence for LLM-Based Cellular Perturbation Reasoning
May 31, 2026Xinyu Yuan, Xixian Liu, Jianan Zhao +3LLM Reasoning
1Mila - Québec AI Institute · University of Montréal · University of Ottawa +3
Reasmory: 3D Reconstruction as Explicit Memory for VLMs Spatial Reasoning
May 31, 2026Jixuan He, Xueting Li, Chieh Hubert Lin +13D Spatial Reasoning VLM Reasoning
Cornell Tech, Cornell University · NVIDIA · illoca AI +1
Latent Reward Steering: An Adaptive Inference-Time Framework that Implicitly Promotes Cognitive Behaviors in Reasoning LLMs
May 30, 2026Jiakang Li, Guanyu Zhu, Can Jin +8Reward Modeling Language Model Steering
Rutgers University · South China Agricultural University · Columbia University +4
Robust Reasoning via Dynamic Token Selection for Distribution-Aligned Self-Distillation
May 30, 2026Ruiqi Zhang, Lingxiang Wang, Hainan Zhang Zhiming ZhengLanguage Model Distillation Language Model Robustness
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University · School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University
PropLLM: Propagation-Aware Scene Reconstruction for Network Fault Diagnosis
May 30, 2026Zongzong Wu, Ming Zhao, Fengxiao Tang +1Root Cause Analysis LLM Reasoning
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China · Graduate School of Information Sciences (GSIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Jun 3, 2026, cs.CLJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Caliper: Probing Lexical Anchors versus Causal Structure in LLMs

Zhenyu Yu, Shuigeng Zhou

Fudan University

Causal Reasoning in Language Models Causal Reasoning Causal Interventions in Language Models LLM Reasoning

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Large language models reach 50 to 70% accuracy on causal reasoning benchmarks such as CLadder, but it is unclear whether this reflects structural reasoning or lexical pattern matching. We introduce Caliper, a controlled perturbation that replaces semantic variable names with placeholder tokens while preserving the causal graph and probabilistic specification of each question. Across nine instruction-tuned LLMs from 3.8B to 671B and three causal reasoning benchmarks, lexical anonymization yields robust accuracy drops of +7.6, +27.0, and +11.1 pp on a local 3.8B-14B set, rising to +29.6 and +18.0 pp on CRASS and e-CARE across nine frontier models spanning the 2024-2026 generations. Of 40 engaged model-by-benchmark cells, 39 show a positive gap, and the gap collapses by 17x on CLadder's pseudoword subset. Structured scaffolding and few-shot in-context learning each narrow the gap, but mainly by lowering P0 accuracy on smaller models rather than recovering P1. Current instruction-tuned LLMs, evaluated zero-shot, show little evidence of structural causal reasoning once lexical anchors are removed.

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