Low-Resource Language Processing

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Overview

Low-resource language processing studies how to build reliable text, speech, and multimodal tools when data, annotation, computing resources, or standard writing conventions are limited. Common approaches include transferring multilingual pretrained models, adapting them with continued pretraining or parameter-efficient fine-tuning, creating synthetic data, and developing language-specific tokenizers, corpora, and tools. Benchmarks for tasks such as translation, speech recognition, information retrieval, reasoning, and cultural understanding increasingly test performance across languages, dialects, scripts, and domains. A central tension is that transfer and synthetic data can reduce development costs, but gains are uneven and depend on data quality, linguistic fit, and evaluation grounded in the language community.

Latest papers

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567 papers53 papers in the last four weeks, level with the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

  1. Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for the Nepali Legal Domain Question Answering

    Apr 20, 2026Samir Wagle, Abiral Adhikari, Reewaj Khanal +4Retrieval-Augmented GenerationLegal NLP

    Information and Language Processing Research Lab Kathmandu University , Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal · School of Law Kathmandu Universit; Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal · Dublin City University Dublin, Ireland

  2. No One Fits All: From Fixed Prompting to Learned Routing in Multilingual LLMs

    Apr 18, 2026Wei-Chi Wu, Sheng-Lun Wei, Hen-Hsen Huang +1Multilingual Language Model EvaluationLLM Prompting

    Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan · Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taiwan · AI Research Center (AINTU), National Taiwan University, Taiwan

  3. Comparison of Modern Multilingual Text Embedding Techniques for Hate Speech Detection Task

    Apr 16, 2026Evaldas Vaiciukynas, Paulius Danenas, Linas Ablonskis +5Sentence EmbeddingsText Embedding Evaluation

    Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania · Centre of Information Systems Design Technologies, Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania

  4. Generating Concept Lexicalizations via Dictionary-Based Cross-Lingual Sense Projection

    Apr 15, 2026David Basil, Chirooth Girigowda, Bradley Hauer +3Low-Resource Language Processing

    Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (Amii) Department of Computing Science University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

  5. IndicDB -- Benchmarking Multilingual Text-to-SQL Capabilities in Indian Languages

    Apr 15, 2026Aviral Dawar, Roshan Karanth, Vikram Goyal +1Text-to-SQLMultilingual Language Model Evaluation

    Independent Researcher · BITS Pilani, Pilani, India · IIIT Delhi, New Delhi, India

  6. Giving Voice to the Constitution: Low-Resource Text-to-Speech for Quechua and Spanish Using a Bilingual Legal Corpus

    Apr 14, 2026John E. Ortega, Rodolfo Zevallos, Fabricio CarraroMultilingual TTS SynthesisTTS Synthesis

    Northeastern University, USA · Universitat Pompeu Fabre, Spain · Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Spain

  7. English is Not All You Need: Systematically Exploring the Role of Multilinguality in LLM Post-Training

    Apr 14, 2026Mehak Dhaliwal, Shashwat Chaurasia, Yao Qin +2Cross-Lingual Reasoning in Language ModelsLow-Resource Language Processing

    UC Santa Barbara · Amazon

  8. When Does Data Augmentation Help? Evaluating LLM and Back-Translation Methods for Hausa and Fongbe NLP

    Apr 14, 2026Mahounan Pericles Adjovi, Roald Eiselen, Prasenjit MitraBack-TranslationSynthetic Data Augmentation

    Carnegie Mellon University Africa, Kigali, Rwanda · Centre for Text Technology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

  9. Mining Large Language Models for Low-Resource Language Data: Comparing Elicitation Strategies for Hausa and Fongbe

    Apr 14, 2026Mahounan Pericles Adjovi, Roald Eiselen, Prasenjit MitraLow-Resource Language ProcessingLLM Prompting

    Carnegie Mellon University Africa, Kigali, Rwanda · Centre for Text Technology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

  10. Saar-Voice: A Multi-Speaker Saarbrücken Dialect Speech Corpus

    Apr 13, 2026Lena S. Oberkircher, Jesujoba O. Alabi, Dietrich Klakow +1Speech Corpus ConstructionSpeech Processing

    Language Science and Technology (LST), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany

  11. A Survey of Text and Speech Resources for Hausa and Fongbe: Availability, Quality, and Gaps for NLP Development

    Apr 13, 2026Mahounan Pericles Adjovi, Victor Olufemi, Roald Eiselen +1Low-Resource Language ProcessingSpeech Processing

    Carnegie Mellon University Africa, Kigali, Rwanda · Centre for Text Technology, North-West University, South Africa

  12. RUMLEM: A Dictionary-Based Lemmatizer for Romansh

    Apr 13, 2026Dominic P. Fischer, Zachary Hopton, Jannis VamvasLow-Resource Language Processing

    Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich

  13. MEME-Fusion@CHiPSAL 2026: Multimodal Ablation Study of Hate Detection and Sentiment Analysis on Nepali Memes

    Apr 13, 2026Samir Wagle, Reewaj Khanal, Abiral AdhikariHate Speech DetectionMultimodal Sentiment Analysis

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Nepal

  14. ks-pret-5m: a 5 million word, 12 million token kashmiri pretraining dataset

    Apr 13, 2026Haq Nawaz Malik, Nahfid NissarLow-Resource Language ProcessingLanguage Model Pretraining

  15. QFS-Composer: Query-focused summarization pipeline for less resourced languages

    Apr 12, 2026Vuk Đuranović, Marko Robnik ŠikonjaText SummarizationText Generation

    Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

  16. LASQ: A Low-resource Aspect-based Sentiment Quadruple Extraction Dataset

    Apr 12, 2026Aizihaierjiang Yusufu, Jiang Liu, Kamran Aziz +5Aspect-Based Sentiment AnalysisLow-Resource Language Processing

    Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Smart Education and Application, School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China. · Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000,Hubei, China. · Hainan Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Central Avenue and East 13, Danzhou, 578001, Hainan, China. +1

  17. Few-Shot Contrastive Adaptation for Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Indic Languages

    Apr 10, 2026Aditya Narayan Sankaran, Reza Farahbakhsh, Noel CrespiHate Speech DetectionLow-Resource Language Processing

    SAMOVAR, Télécom SudParis Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91120 Palaiseau, France

  18. AfriVoices-KE: A Multilingual Speech Dataset for Kenyan Languages

    Apr 9, 2026Lilian Wanzare, Cynthia Amol, Ezekiel Maina +14Low-Resource Language ProcessingLow-Resource Speech Recognition

    Maseno University, Kenya · United States International University, Kenya · Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Kenya +4

  19. Soro: A Lightweight Foundation Model and Chatbot for Tajik

    Apr 9, 2026Stanislav Liashkov, Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde, Azizjon Azimi +3Low-Resource Language ProcessingLLM Fine-Tuning

  20. Corpora deduplication or duplication in Natural Language Processing of few resourced languages ? A case of study: The Mexico's Nahuatl

    Apr 8, 2026Juan-José Guzman-Landa, Juan-Manuel Torres-Moreno, Graham Ranger +4Low-Resource Language ProcessingWord Embeddings

    {1LIA; 3LCTT}, Université d’Avignon. Avignon, France · 2LIFAT, Université de Tours. Tours, France · 5Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico +3

  21. State-of-the-Art Arabic Language Modeling with Sparse MoE Fine-Tuning and Chain-of-Thought Distillation

    Apr 7, 2026Navan Preet Singh, Anurag Garikipati, Ahmed Abulkhair +6Arabic Language ModelsArabic NLP

    Forta, Houston, TX · Incept Labs, Houston, TX · Titan Holdings, San Francisco, CA

  22. CLEAR: Cross-Lingual Enhancement in Alignment via Reverse-training

    Apr 7, 2026Seungyoon Lee, Minhyuk Kim, Seongtae Hong +3Multilingual IRCross-Lingual Representation Alignment

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University · Department of English Language and Literature, Kyungpook National University

  23. YoNER: A New Yorùbá Multi-domain Named Entity Recognition Dataset

    Apr 7, 2026Peace Busola Falola, Jesujoba O. Alabi, Solomon O. Akinola +3Named Entity RecognitionLow-Resource Language Processing

    University of Ibadan, Nigeria · Saarland University, Germany · Atiba University, Nigeria +1

  24. THIVLVC: Retrieval Augmented Dependency Parsing for Latin

    Apr 7, 2026Luc Pommeret, Thibault Wagret, Jules DeretDependency ParsingLow-Resource Language Processing

    STL · Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LISN, 91400, Orsay, France · ENS de Lyon, HiSoMA +1

  25. BiST: A Gold Standard Bangla-English Bilingual Corpus for Sentence Structure and Tense Classification with Inter-Annotator Agreement

    Apr 6, 2026Abdullah Al Shafi, Swapnil Kundu Argha, M. A. Moyeen +2Low-Resource Language Processing

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology · Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, United States

  26. CommonMorph: Participatory Morphological Documentation Platform

    Apr 6, 2026Aso Mahmudi, Sina Ahmadi, Kemal Kurniawan +3Low-Resource Language Processing

    The University of Melbourne · University of Zurich

  27. Unveiling Language Routing Isolation in Multilingual MoE Models for Interpretable Subnetwork Adaptation

    Apr 4, 2026Kening Zheng, Wei-Chieh Huang, Jiahao Huo +9Mixture-of-Experts Language ModelsMixture of Experts

    University of Illinois Chicago · University of Maryland · HKUST (Guangzhou)

  28. Reliability Gated Multi-Teacher Distillation for Low Resource Abstractive Summarization

    Apr 3, 2026Dipto Sumit, Ankan Kumar Roy, Sadia Khair Rodela +4Text SummarizationMulti-Teacher Knowledge Distillation

    BRAC University

  29. BioUNER: A Benchmark Dataset for Clinical Urdu Named Entity Recognition

    Apr 3, 2026Wazir Ali, Adeeb Noor, Sanaullah Mahar +2Named Entity RecognitionClinical NLP

    Department of Data Science, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Sciences & Technology, Pakistan · Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia · Department of Artificial Intelligence, Aror University, Sukkur, Pakistan

  30. Human-Guided Reasoning with Large Language Models for Vietnamese Speech Emotion Recognition

    Apr 2, 2026Truc Nguyen, Then Tran, Binh Truong +1Speech Emotion RecognitionHuman-in-the-Loop AI

    University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam · Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam