Medical Image Analysis

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Overview

Medical image analysis develops methods to detect disease, segment anatomy, track changes over time, reconstruct images, and estimate clinically useful measurements from modalities such as CT, MRI, X-rays, ultrasound, and retinal imaging. Common approaches include U-Net-style segmentation, transformers, self-supervised and foundation-model learning, multimodal vision-language systems, and methods that incorporate anatomical or physical constraints. Models are tested on tasks and benchmarks such as BraTS for brain tumors, ACDC for cardiac MRI, and EchoNet for echocardiography, with growing attention to external-site testing, calibration, and clinical workflow. A central challenge is that strong benchmark results may not transfer across scanners, hospitals, patient groups, or acquisition protocols, so reliable deployment requires better validation, uncertainty estimates, and safeguards against bias and privacy risks.

Latest papers

CardsList

292 papers27 papers in the last four weeks, down 13% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. MedQ-UNI: Toward Unified Medical Image Quality Assessment and Restoration via Vision-Language Modeling

    Mar 19, 2026Jiyao Liu, Junzhi Ning, Wanying Qu +4Medical Image Quality AssessmentMedical Image Analysis

    Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China

  2. Robust-ComBat: Mitigating Outlier Effects in Diffusion MRI Data Harmonization

    Mar 18, 2026Yoan David, Pierre-Marc Jodoin, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative +1Medical Image HarmonizationMedical Image Analysis

    VitaLab, Dep of Computer Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada · Imeka Solutions Inc., Sherbrooke, J1H 4A7, QC, Canada · A comprehensive list of authors and affiliations of this consortium appear at the end of the paper.

  3. Volumetrically Consistent Implicit Atlas Learning via Neural Diffeomorphic Flow for Placenta MRI

    Mar 17, 2026Athena Taymourtash, S. Mazdak Abulnaga, Esra Abaci Turk +2Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Registration

    MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School · Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School

  4. Standardizing Medical Images at Scale for AI

    Mar 16, 2026Callen MacPhee, Yiming Zhou, Koichiro Kishima +1Medical Image HarmonizationMedical Image Analysis

    ECE Department, UCLA, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, California 90095, USA · Pinpoint Photonics, Inc., 803 Marine Bldg., 4-23 Kaigan-dori, Naka, Yokohama 231-0002, Japan · Adventure Photonics, 889 N. Douglas Ave, El Segundo, California 90245, USA

  5. NAMD: Virtual Follow-up Computed Tomography Synthesis via Nodule-Aligned Multimodal Diffusion Models for Early Lung Cancer Diagnosis

    Mar 16, 2026James Song, Yifan Wang, Chuan Zhou +1Medical Image AnalysisLongitudinal Medical Image Analysis

    University of Michigan · University of Michigan Medical School

  6. TopoVST: Toward Topology-fidelitous Vessel Skeleton Tracking

    Mar 16, 2026Yaoyu Liu, Minghui Zhang, Junjun He +1Medical Image AnalysisTopology-Preserving Image Segmentation

    Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. · School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. · Shanghai AI Lab, Shanghai, China.

  7. Automated Diabetic Screening via Anterior Segment Ocular Imaging: A Deep Learning and Explainable AI Approach

    Mar 16, 2026Hasaan Maqsood, Saif Ur Rehman Khan, Sebastian Vollmer +2Medical Image ClassificationMedical Image Analysis

    BiogentX (biogentx.com, Renala Khurd, District Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. · Department of Computer Science, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany. · German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany. +2

  8. Comparative Analysis of 3D Convolutional and 2.5D Slice-Conditioned U-Net Architectures for MRI Super-Resolution via Elucidated Diffusion Models

    Mar 15, 2026Hendrik Chiche, Ludovic Corcos, Logan RougeMedical Image Super-ResolutionMedical Image Analysis

    GENCI (Grand Équipement National de Calcul Intensif), France

  9. LUMINA: A Multi-Vendor Mammography Benchmark with Energy Harmonization Protocol

    Mar 15, 2026Hongyi Pan, Gorkem Durak, Halil Ertugrul Aktas +9Mammography Image ClassificationMedical Image Harmonization

    Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA · Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Health Sciences Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey · Department of Radiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

  10. ITKIT: Feasible CT Image Analysis based on SimpleITK and MMEngine

    Mar 15, 2026Yiqin Zhang, Meiling ChenMedical Image Analysis3D Medical Image Segmentation

  11. EyeWorld: A Generative World Model of Ocular State and Dynamics

    Mar 14, 2026Ziyu Gao, Xinyuan Wu, Xiaolan Chen +10Ophthalmic Image AnalysisMedical Image Analysis

    School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong. · Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China · Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute On Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China +5

  12. Leveraging a Statistical Shape Model for Efficient Generation of Annotated Training Data: A Case Study on Liver Landmarks Segmentation

    Mar 14, 2026Denis Krnjaca, Lorena Krames, Werner NahmMedical Image AnalysisSynthetic Data Generation

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

  13. CT-VDETR: Semi-supervised 3D Trauma Detection in Computed Tomography (CT) scans using Dense Vertex Relative Position Encoding

    Mar 12, 2026Shivam Chaudhary, Sheethal Bhat, Andreas MaierMedical Image AnalysisMedical Imaging

    Pattern Recognition Lab, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg

  14. Nyxus: A Next Generation Image Feature Extraction Library for the Big Data and AI Era

    Mar 12, 2026Nicholas Schaub, Andriy Kharchenko, Hamdah Abbasi +3Medical Image AnalysisMicroscopy Image Analysis

    DSBU, Axle Research, 6116 Executive Blvd Suite 400, Rockville, 20852, MD, USA. · NGRF, NovaGen Research Fund, 6116 Executive Blvd Suite 400, Rockville, 20852, MD, USA. · NCATS, 9800 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA.

  15. Novel Architecture of RPA In Oral Cancer Lesion Detection

    Mar 11, 2026Revana Magdy, Joy Naoum, Ali HamdiMedical Image AnalysisEfficient Object Detection

    MSA University, Giza, Egypt

  16. GIIM: Graph-based Learning of Inter- and Intra-view Dependencies for Multi-view Medical Image Diagnosis

    Mar 10, 2026Tran Bao Sam, Hung Vu, Dao Trung Kien +3Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Classification

    NVIDIA, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

  17. Evidential Perfusion Physics-Informed Neural Networks with Residual Uncertainty Quantification

    Mar 10, 2026Junhyeok Lee, Minseo Choi, Han Jang +5Evidential Deep LearningUncertainty Quantification

    Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea · Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea · Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea +3

  18. OPTED: Open Preprocessed Trachoma Eye Dataset Using Zero-Shot SAM 3 Segmentation

    Mar 6, 2026Kibrom Gebremedhin, Hadush Hailu, Bruk GebregziabherOphthalmic Image AnalysisMedical Image Analysis

    Department of Computer Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia · Department of Computer Science, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA, USA · Signal Technologies, Germany

  19. OralGPT-Plus: Learning to Use Visual Tools via Reinforcement Learning for Panoramic X-ray Analysis

    Mar 6, 2026Yuxuan Fan, Jing Hao, Hong Chen +5Medical Image AnalysisMedical VLMs

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (GZ) · School of Computer Science, Peking University · Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong +3

  20. SpaCRD: Multimodal Deep Fusion of Histology and Spatial Transcriptomics for Cancer Region Detection

    Mar 6, 2026Shuailin Xue, Jun Wan, Lihua Zhang +1Medical Image AnalysisComputational Pathology

    School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China · Yunnan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Computing, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China · School of Information Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China +1

  21. Vessel-Aware Deep Learning for OCTA-Based Detection of AMD

    Mar 6, 2026Margalit G. Mitzner, Moinak Bhattacharya, Zhilin Zou +2Medical Image AnalysisExplainable Medical Image Analysis

    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

  22. Meta-D: Metadata-Aware Architectures for Brain Tumor Analysis and Missing-Modality Segmentation

    Mar 5, 2026SangHyuk Kim, Daniel Haehn, Sumientra RampersadMissing-Modality Medical Image SegmentationMedical Image Analysis

    University of Massachusetts Boston

  23. HARP: HARmonizing in-vivo diffusion MRI using Phantom-only training

    Mar 5, 2026Hwihun Jeong, Qiang Liu, Kathryn E. Keenan +7Medical Image HarmonizationDiffusion MRI

    Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America · College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America · Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America +6

  24. A multi-center analysis of deep learning methods for video polyp detection and segmentation

    Mar 4, 2026Noha Ghatwary, Pedro Chavarias Solano, Mohamed Ramzy Ibrahim +24Medical Image AnalysisPolyp Segmentation

    Computer Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science and Technology,Egypt · AI in Medicine and Surgery Group, School of Computer Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK · Department of Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Systems, University of Würzburg, Germany +13

  25. DeNuC: Decoupling Nuclei Detection and Classification in Histopathology

    Mar 4, 2026Zijiang Yang, Chen Kuang, Dongmei FuMedical Image AnalysisPathology Foundation Models

    School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China · Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging

  26. Understanding Sources of Demographic Predictability in Brain MRI via Disentangling Anatomy and Contrast

    Mar 4, 2026Mehmet Yigit Avci, Akshit Achara, Andrew King +1Medical Image AnalysisAlgorithmic Bias

    and for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative · King’s College London, UK

  27. Efficient Conformal Volumetry for Template-Based Segmentation

    Feb 28, 2026Matt Y. Cheung, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Guha BalakrishnanSegmentation Uncertainty EstimationMedical Image Analysis

    Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Rice University Houston, TX 77005, USA

  28. TAP-SLF: Parameter-Efficient Adaptation of Vision Foundation Models for Multi-Task Ultrasound Image Analysis

    Feb 28, 2026Hui Wan, Libin LanVision Foundation Model AdaptationMedical Image Analysis

    College of Computer Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China

  29. SALIENT: Frequency-Aware Paired Diffusion for Controllable Long-Tail CT Detection

    Feb 26, 2026Yifan Li, Mehrdad Salimitari, Taiyu Zhang +2Medical Image AnalysisSynthetic Data Augmentation

    Trauma Radiology AI Laboratory (TRAIL), Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine · Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine

  30. Interactive Medical-SAM2 GUI: A Napari-based semi-automatic annotation tool for medical images

    Feb 26, 2026Woojae Hong, Jong Ha Hwang, Jiyong Chung +3Interactive Medical Image SegmentationHuman-in-the-Loop Annotation

    Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea · Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea