Medical Image Super-Resolution

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Overview

Medical image super-resolution aims to recover sharper, often more isotropic images from scans with thick slices, low signal, or limited acquisition data, across modalities such as MRI, CT, PET, and histopathology. Methods include supervised CNNs, GANs, transformers, and diffusion models, as well as self-supervised and implicit neural representations that fit a single subject; physics-based reconstruction and anatomical or cross-modal guidance help constrain the added detail. A central challenge is that models trained on synthetic downsampling may not generalize to real scanner degradations, and visually convincing detail can be hallucinated or erase small lesions. Evaluation is therefore expanding beyond PSNR and SSIM to data consistency, uncertainty, anatomical and lesion preservation, and downstream tasks, while the amount of subject-specific detail recoverable from the original scan remains a fundamental limit.

Latest papers

CardsList

57 papers8 papers in the last four weeks, up 33% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Toward Clinical Translation of Deep Learning-Based Intracranial Super-Resolution 4D Flow MRI Using Multi-Cohort Transfer Learning

    Oct 26, 2026Oliver Welin Odeback, Susanne Schnell, Patrick Winter +5Medical Image Super-ResolutionMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. · Department of Medical Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. · Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. +3

  2. Spectrally optimized implicit neural representations mitigate acquisition-related image quality trade-offs in intracranial 4D Flow MRI

    Oct 23, 2026Oliver Welin Odeback, Nerea González-Aranceta, Sebastián Jofre +12Medical Image Super-ResolutionMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    Dept. Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna (L1:00), Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden. · Department of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 6, Greifswald, 174 89, Germany. · Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, 7820436, Chile. +7

  3. Arbitrary-Scale Anisotropic 3D MRI Super-Resolution with Gaussian Prototypes

    Oct 17, 2026Aditya Rastogi, Ramon Leiser, Prateek Singh +8Medical Image Super-ResolutionImage Super-Resolution

  4. Implicit Neural Models for Direct Multi-Shell Diffusion MRI Signal Estimation

    Oct 16, 2026Sanna Persson, Fabian Leander Sinzinger, Christoffer Olsson +1Diffusion MRIImplicit Neural Representations

    Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

  5. VascuSR: Iterative Anatomy-Aware Diffusion for CT Super-Resolution

    Oct 14, 2026Hairong Ni, Jiahe Huang, Minghao Guo +2Medical Image Super-Resolution3D Medical Imaging

    University of Michigan · University of California, San Diego · MIT CSAIL

  6. ContiLNN: Mitigating Slice Sampling Discontinuity with Liquid Neural Networks for Medical Image Restoration

    Oct 8, 2026Jialei He, Enhe Liu, Sifan Song +10Image RestorationMedical Image Analysis

    Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China · Academy of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China · Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States +1

  7. MRI Super-Resolution with RCDM/WaveMix and Task-Aware Segmentation

    Sep 30, 2026Kavitha Viswanathan, Harsh Choudhary, Amit SethiMedical Image AnalysisMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India

  8. You Cannot Recover What Was Never Measured: Quantifying the Information Ceiling of Ultra-Low-Field MRI Super-Resolution

    Sep 29, 2026Prathamesh Pradeep Khole, Shreya Handa, Utkarsh Gupta +1Image ReconstructionMedical Image Super-Resolution

    University of California, Santa Cruz · Johns Hopkins University

  9. From Pixel Generation to Topological Inference: Structural Dual Super-Resolution for Trustworthy Cross-Physical-Domain Trabecular Morphology Learning

    Sep 28, 2026Fan Zhang, Yi Zhang, Ling Wang3D Medical ImagingMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China · Department of Radiology Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing, China

  10. Directional Total Variation-Regularized Implicit Neural Representations (DTV-INR) for Continuous Super-Resolution in Degraded Imaging Domains

    Sep 21, 2026Mahmoud Saeedi KelishamiImage Super-ResolutionImplicit Neural Representations

    Department of Mathematics, Institute of Biosocial and Quantum Science and Technologies, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

  11. Uncertainty-Aware 3D Residual Wavelet Diffusion for Ultra Low-Field MRI Super-Resolution

    Sep 21, 2026Rui W. Yeow, Millie Beament, Fred Dick +6Medical Image Super-ResolutionMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    University College London, London, UK

  12. CEM-TUDASR: Computationally efficient multi-modality transformer based unsupervised domain adaptive super-resolution approach

    Sep 10, 2026Anjali Sarvaiya, Jay Kadel, Kishor Upla +1Unsupervised Domain AdaptationMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, India.

  13. MedGSSR: Generalizable Medical Image Super-Resolution 3D Reconstruction via Hierarchical Feed-forward Gaussian Splatting

    Sep 6, 2026Chengkai Wang, Luoyu Hong, Yiting Zhao +7Medical Image Super-Resolution3D Medical Imaging

    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada · Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China · ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China +1

  14. Attention-guided super-resolution of 4D flow MRI in carotid arteries

    Sep 4, 2026Ali Mokhtari, Dominik ObristMedical Image Super-ResolutionMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

  15. Prior-Guided Implicit Neural Representations for Single-Subject Diffusion MRI Super-Resolution

    Sep 1, 2026Abdulkader Ghandoura, Marsil Zakour, William Consagra +1Implicit Neural RepresentationsMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA · School of Computation, Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich, Germany · Department of Statistics University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA

  16. Tissue-Mixture Entropy-Weighted Reconstruction for Partial-Volume-Aware Brain MRI Super-Resolution

    Aug 27, 2026Xiao Tong, Wenyun Yang, Ziheng Zhang +3Medical Image Super-ResolutionBrain MRI

    aState Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China · bWeihai Institute of Oceanology, Peking University, Weihai, 264209, P. R. China · cBeijing MagnVue Medix Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100085, P. R. China

  17. MPISuperRes-PnP: A Super-Resolution Zero-Shot Plug-and-Play Reconstruction Algorithm for Magnetic Particle Imaging

    Aug 10, 2026Vladyslav Gapyak, Thomas März, Andreas WeinmannMedical ImagingImage Reconstruction

    Institute for the Protection of Terrestrial Infrastructures, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Sankt Augustin, Germany · Hochschule Darmstadt, Schöfferstr. 3, 64295, Darmastdt, Germany · Data Science Institute, European University of Technology, European Union +1

  18. MRI super-resolution in ten sampling steps using a diffusion bridge model

    Aug 9, 2026Mojtaba Safari, Hang Yu, Zach Eidex +10Medical Image Super-ResolutionDiffusion-Based Inverse Problems

    Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States · Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States · Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States +3

  19. Anatomically Consistent Cross-Contrast Super-Resolution of Anisotropic Brain T2w MRI

    Aug 9, 2026Mengqi Shen, Haicheng Wang, Meghna Trivedi +4Medical Image Super-ResolutionBrain MRI

    Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA · Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA · Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA +2

  20. Does FLAIR super-resolution erase or hallucinate small white-matter lesions?

    Aug 6, 2026Zahra Khodakarami, Yue Li, Pulkit Khandelwal +5Medical Image Super-ResolutionMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

  21. Morphology-Aware Implicit Super-Resolution Network for Pathological Images

    Aug 4, 2026Jiaming Liang, QiHui Han, Haolin Chen +5Computational PathologyImplicit Neural Representations

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China · School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China · School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China +1

  22. S3^3-Diff: Structural Semantic Synergy Diffusion Model for High Fidelity Super Resolution of Pathological Images

    Aug 4, 2026Jiaming Liang, QiHui Han, Guangye Ou +6Computational PathologyDiffusion Models for Image Restoration

    South China University of Technology Software Engineering Guangzhou, China · South China University of Technology School of Future Technology Guangzhou, China

  23. SIINR: Structurally Informed Implicit Neural Representations for super-resolution with uncertainty quantification of clinical quality diffusion MRI datasets

    Jul 22, 2026Tom Hendriks, William Consagra, Anna Vilanova +2Implicit Neural RepresentationsUncertainty Quantification

    Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, Eindhoven, 5612 AP, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands. · Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29225, South Carolina, United States of America. · Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 399 Revolution Drive, Boston, 02215, MA, United States.

  24. DRIFT: Difficulty-aware Rectified Flows for Through-plane MRI Super-Resolution

    Jul 18, 2026Yoonseok Choi, Eun-Gyu Ha, Daniel Kim +3Rectified FlowMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia · Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, USA

  25. Cardiac MRI Through-Plane Super-Resolution Guided by Reference and Memory

    Jul 8, 2026Shaoming Pan, Chenchuhui Hu, Leon Axel +13D Medical ImagingMedical Image Super-Resolution

    University of Texas at Arlington · University of Texas At Arlington · New York University Grossman School of Medicine

  26. PhyMRI-SR: Toward Physics-Aware MRI Image Super-Resolution

    Jul 7, 2026Lihua Wei, Huatong Gao, Jia Gong +4Medical Image Super-ResolutionMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China · School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China, and also with the Shanghai Academy of AI for Science, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Academy of AI for Science, Shanghai, China +4

  27. Dual-Prior Guided Null-Space Learning with Mixture-of-Splines for Arbitrary Medical Slice Super-Resolution

    Jun 25, 2026Haofei Song, Siyuan Xu, Xintian Mao +3Image ReconstructionMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

  28. Cross-Modality Structural Guidance in 3D Latent Diffusion for Robust FLAIR Super-Resolution

    Jun 24, 2026Haoyu Lan, Jiazhen Zhang, John Onofrey +4Diffusion Models for Image RestorationMedical Image Super-Resolution

    University of Southern California · Yale University

  29. CRIS: Cross-Plane Self-Supervised Isotropic Restoration for Anisotropic Volumetric Imaging Across Modalities

    Jun 14, 2026Adi Ahituv, Anat Ilivitzki, Moti FreimanSelf-Supervised LearningMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel · Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel · Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel +1

  30. Deep Slice Interpolation for Reducing Through-Plane Anisotropy and Noise in Head CT

    Jun 8, 2026Luis Cortés Ferre, Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Naranjo, Marcin Balcerzyk3D Medical ImagingMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain · Bioaraba Health Research Institute, New Technologies and Information Systems in Health Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain · IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation of Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain