Medical Image Analysis

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Overview

Medical image analysis develops methods to detect disease, segment anatomy, track changes over time, reconstruct images, and estimate clinically useful measurements from modalities such as CT, MRI, X-rays, ultrasound, and retinal imaging. Common approaches include U-Net-style segmentation, transformers, self-supervised and foundation-model learning, multimodal vision-language systems, and methods that incorporate anatomical or physical constraints. Models are tested on tasks and benchmarks such as BraTS for brain tumors, ACDC for cardiac MRI, and EchoNet for echocardiography, with growing attention to external-site testing, calibration, and clinical workflow. A central challenge is that strong benchmark results may not transfer across scanners, hospitals, patient groups, or acquisition protocols, so reliable deployment requires better validation, uncertainty estimates, and safeguards against bias and privacy risks.

Latest papers

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291 papers27 papers in the last four weeks, down 13% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Targeted Deep Regression - Initial Applications in Whole-Body Water-Fat MRI in UK Biobank

    Oct 26, 2026Filip Marttala, Taro Langner, Johan Öfverstedt +4Medical Image AnalysisMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden · Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden · Antaros Medical AB, BioVenture Hub, 431 53, Mölndal, Sweden

  2. End-to-end prostate lesion segmentation and detection from undersampled diffusion-weighted MRI

    Oct 24, 2026Lukas T. Rotkopf, Marco Schlimbach, Kevin Kröninger +4Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Segmentation

    Institute for AI in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Girardetstraße 2, 45131, Essen, Germany. · Department of Physics, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany. · Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. +6

  3. Beyond Discrete Tokens: Preserving Numerical Continuity in Medical Vision-Language Models

    Oct 23, 2026Dianye Huang, Jiamei Guo, Yue Zhou +5Medical Image AnalysisMedical VLMs

    Medical Intelligence and Robotic Cognition (MIRoC) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China · Chair for Computer-Aided and Medical Procedures (CAMP), Tehcnical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China +2

  4. VTRL-Med: Progressive Visual Refinement with Topology-Guided Regularization for Medical Image Clustering

    Oct 23, 2026Guangyu Meng, Pengfei Gu, Peixian Liang +3Deep ClusteringMedical Image Analysis

    Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame · Dept. of Computer Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley · Dept. of IT, Analytics, and Operations, University of Notre Dame

  5. OPTARI: An open-source software framework for clinical translation of optoacoustic imaging

    Oct 23, 2026Moritz Schillinger, Maximilian Bader, Adrian Buehler +4Photoacoustic TomographyMedical Imaging

    Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health & School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Bioengineering Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany +4

  6. The Value of System 1 Models in Medicine

    Oct 22, 2026Xiufeng Yang, Konstantinos Vrettos, Zeineb Ben Chaaben +17Clinical Language Model EvaluationMultimodal Model Evaluation

    Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Artificial Intelligence and Translational Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece · Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece +6

  7. Two for One: Privileged Learning for Resource-Constrained Screening

    Oct 21, 2026Lisa Y. W. TangLearning Using Privileged InformationMedical Image Analysis

    University of British Columbia - Faculty of Medicine

  8. From Canon to Nikon: Camera Domain Shift and Potential Equity Implications in Retinal AI

    Oct 21, 2026Lisa Y. W. TangMedical Image AnalysisRetinal Disease Classification

    University of British Columbia - Faculty of Medicine

  9. DuoPIC: Uncertainty-Aware Voxel-Level Digital Twins of Cerebral Perfusion with Transport PDEs in Acute Stroke

    Oct 20, 2026Anh Duong Tran, Quang-Anh N. D., Toan Sy Pham +4Digital TwinsMedical Image Analysis

    Vietnam National University · London Digital Twin Research Centre, Middlesex University · University of Alberta +4

  10. A Multi-Agent Framework for Automated Machine Learning with Evidence-based Planning for Medical Image Analysis

    Oct 20, 2026Yiqing Shen, Mathias UnberathAutomated Machine LearningMedical Image Analysis

    Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University

  11. XGLASS: X-Ray, Gaze and Language Assisted Slice Sequencing for CT Volumes

    Oct 19, 2026Michael Glöckler, Timo RopinskiMedical Image AnalysisMedical VLMs

    Ulm University, Germany

  12. Spurious Attention Heads in Vision Transformers: Mechanistic Identification of Annotation-Driven Bias in Medical Chest X-Ray Analysis

    Oct 15, 2026Joshua Muhumuza, Cornelius KalenziVision TransformerAttention Head Analysis

    Makerere University

  13. Quantifying privacy risks in foundation model representations of brain MRI

    Oct 14, 2026Imen Bajar, Héber Hwang Arcolezi, Antoine Boutet +2Medical Imaging Foundation ModelsPrivacy-Preserving ML

    École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS), Montréal, QC, Canada · Inria, INSA Lyon, CITI, UR3720, 69621 Villeurbanne, France · CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, INSERM U1294, Université Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France +1

  14. Multimodal Medical Image Parsing with Task-Specific Low-Rank Adapters

    Oct 14, 2026Taha Sabir, Alberto Montero Molina, Thinh Quang Ly +3Medical Image AnalysisVLM Adaptation

    Department of Computer Science, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA · Higher School of Computing (ESCOM), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 07738, Mexico · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA +2

  15. LiFUSE: Frequency-Spatial Unified Self-Supervised Pretraining for Liver Disease Analysis on Non-contrast CT

    Oct 13, 2026Hao Zhang, Yi Huang, Wei Liu +6Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Representation Learning

    College of Biomedical Engineering, Fudan University · DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group · Hupan Lab, HangZhou +2

  16. Spatiotemporal Recognition of Abdominal Wall Layers During Optical Trocar Entry

    Oct 10, 2026Shreeram Athreya, Andrew Melehy, Carter Prentice +4Medical Image AnalysisSurgical Video Understanding

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. · Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. · Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. +2

  17. ContiLNN: Mitigating Slice Sampling Discontinuity with Liquid Neural Networks for Medical Image Restoration

    Oct 8, 2026Jialei He, Enhe Liu, Sifan Song +10Image RestorationMedical Image Analysis

    Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China · Academy of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China · Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States +1

  18. EchoDiST: Self-distillation-based joint learning for diffusion-conditioned echocardiographic myocardial motion estimation

    Oct 8, 2026Feiyue Qi, Xingyue Wei, Jianwen LuoMedical Image AnalysisEchocardiography

    School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

  19. Geometry-Supervised Visual Representation Learning for Multi-Phenotype Lesion Interpretation in Medical VLMs

    Oct 7, 2026Hao Wang, Qiwei Zeng, Shuchang Ye +5Visual Representation LearningMedical Image Representation Learning

    The University of Sydney · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Northeastern University

  20. Dual- versus Single-Suggestion AI Support for Radiographic Interpretation in Residents: Randomized Multireader Study

    Oct 7, 2026Lin Wu, Zhe Xu, Hongyi Wang +10AI-Assisted Decision MakingHuman-AI Collaboration

    Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University · Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China +6

  21. Knee3DVLM: Dual-Sequence Full-Volume Vision-Language Modeling for Comprehensive Knee MRI Assessment

    Oct 6, 2026Maryam Baizhigitova, Andrew Seohwan Yu, Po-Hao Chen +7Medical ImagingMedical Image Analysis

    Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA · Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA · Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA +1

  22. Cross-dataset harmonization for robust endoscopic image analysis

    Oct 5, 2026Romil Imtiaz, Dimitris K. IakovidisMedical Image AnalysisCross-Dataset Generalization

    Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece

  23. An AI-Based Multi-Stage Approach for Androgenetic Alopecia Assessment from Low-Magnification Scalp Images

    Oct 1, 2026Mahmoud Raslan, Nada Omar, Omar Khaled +7Medical Image AnalysisMedical Diagnosis

    Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt · Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

  24. PhaseAT: Fourier Phase Adversarial Training for Medical Image Domain Generalization

    Oct 1, 2026Ahmed Sharshar, Asif Hanif, Naveen Kumar Kummari +2Adversarial TrainingData Augmentation

    Division of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE

  25. MRI Super-Resolution with RCDM/WaveMix and Task-Aware Segmentation

    Sep 30, 2026Kavitha Viswanathan, Harsh Choudhary, Amit SethiMedical Image AnalysisMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India

  26. Multi-Site Real-World Performance of Commercial AI for Pulmonary and Incidental Pulmonary Embolism Detection

    Sep 29, 2026Aawez Mansuri, Mohammadreza Chavoshi, Theodorus Dapamede +13Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Anomaly Detection

    Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA · Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA · Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

  27. Disentangling Lung-Cancer CT/LDCT AI: A Systematic Evidence Map of Clinical Tasks, Evidence Chains, and Translational Gaps

    Sep 28, 2026Surajit DasMedical Image AnalysisComputed Tomography

  28. SentZero: An Enhanced Sentence-Centric Vision-Language Pretraining for Multi-Task Zero-Shot Chest X-Ray Analysis

    Sep 28, 2026Hangyul Yoon, Hyungyung Lee, Edward Choi +1Contrastive LearningRadiology VLMs

    Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

  29. Anatomy-Structured Hierarchical MIL for Weakly-Supervised Thoracic Disease Detection in Chest X-rays

    Sep 27, 2026Jeongin Kim, Sohyun Ahn, Seo Young Kang +6Chest X-Ray ClassificationMedical Image Analysis

    Division of Artificial Intelligence & Software, Ewha Womans University · Ewha Medical Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Ewha Womans University · Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University +2

  30. FOCUS: Benchmarking Retinal Model Generalization from Foundation Vision Encoders to Multimodal LLMs

    Sep 27, 2026David Restrepo, Chenwei Wu, Luis Filipe Nakayama +4Fairness in Medical Image ClassificationOphthalmic Image Analysis

    CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, France · Cancer Data Science Unit, IHU PRISM, Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Gustave Roussy, INSERM, France · University of Michigan, USA +4