Evidential Deep Learning

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Overview

Evidential deep learning trains neural networks to predict evidence as well as class probabilities, commonly using Dirichlet distributions for classification and Normal–Inverse-Gamma distributions for regression. Methods regularize evidence growth, derive objectives from Bayesian or variational principles, fuse evidence across modalities, or add post-hoc uncertainty heads; estimates can then guide abstention, data acquisition, and feature updates. The field is applied to settings such as medical imaging, autonomous sensing, object detection, and out-of-distribution recognition, with evaluation often measuring calibration, error detection, and risk as well as accuracy. A central open tension is whether evidence-based uncertainty is genuinely meaningful and reliable under distribution shift: evidence can be miscalibrated or poorly identified, and metrics such as vacuity can be confounded by differences in class structure.

Latest papers

CardsList

61 papers9 papers in the last four weeks, up 125% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Observability-Aligned Evidential Masked Pretraining for Reliable VRU Motion Prediction

    Oct 29, 2026Shang Gao, Franz Götz-Hahn, Konrad Doll +1Uncertainty QuantificationMasked Autoencoders

    Intelligent Embedded Systems, University of Kassel, Germany · Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany

  2. Grounding Predictive Reliability through Masked Observability

    Oct 29, 2026Shang Gao, Bernhard Sick, Franz Götz-HahnUncertainty QuantificationEvidential Deep Learning

    University of Kassel, Germany

  3. PROVE: Probabilistic Visual Grounding via Patch-Level Evidence for Vision-Language Models

    Oct 23, 2026Mayank Nautiyal, Tianru Zhang, Li Ju +2Vision-Language GroundingConfidence Estimation for VLMs

    Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden · Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden

  4. S-EDL: Eliciting Self-Evidence from Sequence Likelihoods for Semantic Calibration of LLMs

    Oct 21, 2026Yawei Li, Jiazheng Li, David Rügamer +3Language Model CalibrationEvidential Deep Learning

    LMU Munich · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML) · King’s College London

  5. Learning to Reason Like a Cytopathologist:Clinically Grounded Multiscale Evidential Learning for Cervical Cytology

    Oct 21, 2026Ajeet Kumar Singh, Nehal Mishra, Anurag Tripathi +2Computational PathologyClinical Decision Support

    IIT Delhi, India · Info Origin INC. · Singapore University of Technology and Design

  6. Neural Networks with Differentiable Belief-Function Layers

    Oct 18, 2026Antonin SulcEvidential Deep LearningEpistemic Uncertainty

  7. Evidential Multimodal Transformers with Dempster-Shafer Fusion for Emotion Recognition

    Oct 9, 2026Muhammad Usama, Yeoreum JungMultimodal Emotion RecognitionUncertainty-Aware Multimodal Fusion

    Braindeck Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea · School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea

  8. A Probabilistic Perspective on Wasserstein-Based Evidential Uncertainty for Out-of-Distribution Segmentation

    Oct 7, 2026Arnold Brosch, Abdelrahman Eldesokey, Michael Felsberg +1Segmentation Uncertainty EstimationEvidential Deep Learning

    Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany · Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Gate 8, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar · Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden

  9. Rethinking Epistemic Uncertainty in Node Classification through Information Growth

    Oct 2, 2026Emma Meneghini, Francesco Ferrini, Bruno Lepri +2Epistemic UncertaintyEvidential Deep Learning

    University of Trento · Fondazione Bruno Kessler, FBK · University of Tromsø

  10. Localisation-Aware Uncertainty for Pretrained Object Detection

    Oct 1, 2026Charmaine Barker, Daniel Bethell, Simos GerasimouEvidential Deep LearningUncertainty Quantification

    Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK · Department of Elect. Eng., and Computer Science and Eng., Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus

  11. Robust Evidential Learning Through Latent Consistency

    Oct 1, 2026Charmaine Barker, Daniel Bethell, Simos GerasimouEvidential Deep LearningAdversarial Robustness

    Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK · Department of Elect. Eng., and Computer Science and Eng., Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus

  12. PEEL-DDPM: Physics-Enabled Evidential Learning for the Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model

    Sep 23, 2026Ge WangUncertainty QuantificationImage Reconstruction

    Biomedical Imaging Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York, USA

  13. Ev-YOLO: Uncertainty-Aware Object Detection via a Unified Evidential Formulation

    Sep 21, 2026Simon Barbarit-Gaboriau, Hind Laghmara, Rémi Boutteau +1Evidential Deep LearningObject Detection

    LITIS - STI, INSA Rouen Normandie · LITIS - STI · LITIS, LITIS - STI

  14. Uncertainty-driven training for three-dimensional calibrated lung nodule classification

    Sep 17, 2026Giuseppe Tripodi, Alessandro De Rosis, Saleh RezaeiraveshLung Nodule DetectionMedical Image Classification

    School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester (UK)

  15. Evidential Deep Learning for Multi-Modal Anti-UAV Detection

    Sep 1, 2026Dmitry Golovchits, Seyed Sahand Mohammadi Ziabari, Ali Mohammed Mansoor AlsahagEvidential Deep LearningDempster-Shafer Theory

    University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  16. Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Anti-UAV Detection via Evidential Fusion and Conflict-Discounted Belief Aggregation

    Aug 29, 2026Sharanda Suttorp, Seyed Sahand Mohammadi Ziabari, Ali Mohammed Mansour AlsahagUncertainty-Aware Multimodal FusionAerial Object Detection

    University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands · Department of Computer Science and Technology, SUNY Empire State University Saratoga Springs, NY, USA

  17. A Controlled Audit of Architectural Complexity in Uncertainty-Aware Multi-Organ Ultrasound Classification

    Aug 28, 2026Yang Song, Pengbo Sun, Shichang Feng +3Medical Image ClassificationEvidential Deep Learning

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong · School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China · Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China +3

  18. PEEL: Physics-Enabled Evidential Learning for Identifiable Uncertainty in CT Imaging

    Aug 27, 2026Ge WangUncertainty QuantificationEvidential Deep Learning

    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute · Biomedical Imaging Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA

  19. Theoretical Study on the Evidential Learning-based Variational Autoencoder

    Aug 19, 2026Ge WangQuery IdentifiabilityVariational Autoencoders

    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA

  20. H2^2EDL: Hyper Evidential Deep Learning for Hierarchical Classification

    Aug 18, 2026Yuanye Liu, Xiahai ZhuangHierarchical ClassificationEvidential Deep Learning

    School of Data Science, Fudan University

  21. Decoupling Is Not Identification: Supervised Evidential Learning in Next-Token Prediction

    Aug 14, 2026Ge WangEvidential Deep LearningNext-Token Prediction

    Biomedical Imaging Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

  22. ELVAE: Evidential Learning-Based Variational Autoencoder for Uncertainty-Aware Generation

    Aug 11, 2026Ge WangVariational AutoencodersEvidential Deep Learning

    Biomedical Imaging Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA

  23. Deep Evidential Regression for Sparse Forest Height Estimation from Multimodal Satellite Imagery

    Aug 3, 2026Laura Bader, Muhammad Ammar Ahmed, Xiao Xiang Zhu +1Remote Sensing Image UnderstandingEvidential Deep Learning

    LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML) · TU Munich, 80333 Munich

  24. ELECTRIC: Evidential Learning-Enhanced CT Reconstruction via Iterative Correction

    Jul 27, 2026Ge WangEvidential Deep LearningBayesian Inverse Problems

    Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA

  25. Trustworthy Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction via Reliability-Aware Multi-Engine Fusion

    Jul 20, 2026Yongchan Hong, Defu Cao, Wenjin Liu +6Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity PredictionEvidential Deep Learning

    Department of Quantitative & Computational Biology University of Southern California Los Angeles, California, USA · Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles, California, USA · Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, USA

  26. Adapting Evidential Neural Networks to Test-Time Neighbor Fusion Improves Molecular Property Prediction

    Jul 13, 2026Cameron Gruich, Weichi Yao, Yixin Wang +1Evidential Deep LearningBayesian Inference

    Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, USA · Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1107 USA

  27. EvidentialRAG: Quantifying and Mitigating Information Conflict in Multi-Source Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Evidential Deep Learning

    Jul 11, 2026S M Asif Hossain, Ruksat Khan Shayoni, M. F. MridhaRetrieval-Augmented GenerationEvidential Deep Learning

    aSchool of Computing, Wichita State University, Kansas, USA · bDepartment of Computer Science, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  28. Robustness Meets Uncertainty: Evidential Adversarial Training for Robust Selective Classification

    Jul 3, 2026Nicolas Sournac, Ahmed Baha Ben Jmaa, Bertrand BraeckeveldtAdversarial TrainingEvidential Deep Learning

    Multitel Research & Innovation Center, Artificial Intelligence Department, Belgium · TRAIL – Trusted AI Labs, Belgium

  29. Von Mises Based Uncertainty Quantification for Closely Spaced Automotive Radar Targets

    Jun 30, 2026Vinay Kulkarni, V. V. ReddyEvidential Deep LearningUncertainty Quantification

    International Institute of Information Technology, Bengaluru, India

  30. ProMUSE: Progressive Multi-modal Uncertainty-guided Staged Evidential Alzheimer Disease Classification

    Jun 11, 2026Long Doan, Branden Chen, Ethan Litton +6Efficient Multimodal InferenceEvidential Deep Learning

    Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University · Department of Data Science and Analytics, Kennesaw State University · Department of Information Technology, Kennesaw State University +2