Multi-Agent Negotiation

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Overview

Multi-agent negotiation studies how autonomous agents reach agreements when their goals, information, or resources differ, from price bargaining and coalition formation to traffic coordination and shared computing. Approaches include game-theoretic mechanisms, reinforcement learning with economic rewards, opponent modeling and theory of mind, and structured communication or contract protocols. Benchmarks increasingly test private information, repeated interaction, multiple parties, and long-horizon decisions, measuring not just deal rates but also surplus, efficiency, fairness, and contract reliability. A central challenge is that agents may agree often or infer others’ preferences accurately without using that knowledge effectively, while stronger economic performance can conflict with honesty, fairness, and dependable execution.

Latest papers

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53 papers7 papers in the last four weeks, against 2 the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. TERMS-Bench: Diagnosing LLM Negotiation Agents Beyond Deal Rate

    May 13, 2026Erica Zhang, Fangzhao Zhang, Aneesh Pappu +5Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    ♠Stanford School of Engineering · ♣Stanford Department of Economics · ♥Stanford Graduate School of Business +1

  2. LLM-X: A Scalable Negotiation-Oriented Exchange for Communication Among Personal LLM Agents

    May 12, 2026Giuliano Lorenzoni, Paulo Alencar, Donald CowanMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Coordination

    University of Waterloo · University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada

  3. Distilling Bayesian Belief States into Language Models for Auditable Negotiation

    May 6, 2026Zongqi Cui, Baihan LinMulti-Agent NegotiationOpponent Modeling

    Emory University · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

  4. Talk is Cheap, Communication is Hard: Dynamic Grounding Failures and Repair in Multi-Agent Negotiation

    May 3, 2026Yiheng Yao, Chelsea Zou, Robert D. HawkinsMulti-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Stanford University

  5. Cooperate to Compete: Strategic Coordination in Multi-Agent Conquest

    Apr 28, 2026Abigail O'Neill, Alan Zhu, Mihran Miroyan +2Multi-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    University of California, Berkeley

  6. ArgRE: Formal Argumentation for Conflict Resolution in Multi-Agent Requirements Negotiation

    Apr 25, 2026Haowei Cheng, Milhan Kim, Chong Liu +6Requirements EngineeringMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Department of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan · College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China · Advanced Institute of So-Go-Chi (Convergence Knowledge) Informatics, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan +1

  7. Preference Estimation via Opponent Modeling in Multi-Agent Negotiation

    Apr 17, 2026Yuta Konishi, Kento Yamamoto, Eisuke Sonomoto +8Multi-Agent NegotiationOpponent Modeling

    1Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan · 2Accenture Japan Ltd, Tokyo, Japan

  8. [COMP25] The Automated Negotiating Agents Competition (ANAC) 2025 Challenges and Results

    Apr 15, 2026Reyhan Aydoğan, Tim Baarslag, Tamara C. P. Florijn +3Automated NegotiationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Özye˘gin Üniversity · Delft University of Technology · Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) +5

  9. Diversity Without Fidelity: A Solver-Sampler Mismatch in Multi-Agent LLM Negotiation Simulation

    Apr 12, 2026Sandro AndricMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Negotiation

  10. PEMAND: Persona-Enriched Multi-Agent Negotiation for Household Decision-Making

    Apr 12, 2026Yuran Sun, Mustafa Sameen, Yaotian Zhang +5Human Behavior SimulationLarge Language Model-Based Social Simulation

    University of Florida

  11. Instructing LLMs to Negotiate using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

    Apr 10, 2026Shuze Daniel Liu, Claire Chen, Jiabao Sean Xiao +4Automated NegotiationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Purdue University · California Institute of Technology · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign +1

  12. Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning for Low-Carbon P2P Energy Trading among Self-Interested Microgrids

    Apr 10, 2026Junhao Ren, Honglin Gao, Lan Zhao +3Power SystemsMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China · Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore

  13. Training Language Models for Bilateral Trade with Private Information

    Apr 10, 2026Dirk Bergemann, Soheil Ghili, Xinyang Hu +2Multi-Agent NegotiationLLM Agent Training

    Department of Economics, Yale University · Yale School of Management, Yale University · Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University +1

  14. Karma Mechanisms for Decentralised, Cooperative Multi Agent Path Finding

    Apr 9, 2026Kevin Riehl, Julius Schlapbach, Anastasios Kouvelas +1Multi-Agent Path FindingMechanism Design

    Traffic Engineering Group, Institute for Transportation Planning and Systems, ETH Zürich, Stefano Franscini Platz 3, 8053 Zürich, Switzerland.

  15. Agentic Copyright, Data Scraping & AI Governance: Toward a Coasean Bargain in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

    Apr 8, 2026Paulius Jurcys, Mark FenwickAI Agent GovernanceMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Senior IP Counsel at Vinted · visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley School of Law · Professor of International Business Law at Kyushu University (Japan)

  16. EmoMAS: Emotion-Aware Multi-Agent System for High-Stakes Edge-Deployable Negotiation with Bayesian Orchestration

    Apr 8, 2026Yunbo Long, Yuhan Liu, Liming XuMulti-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    University of Cambridge, UK · University of Toronto, Canada

  17. MIND: Multi-agent inference for negotiation dialogue in travel planning

    Mar 23, 2026Hunmin Do, Taejun Yoon, Kiyong JungTravel PlanningMulti-Agent Negotiation

    School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea · Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea · Department of Software, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea

  18. A Benchmark for Multi-Party Negotiation Games from Real Negotiation Data

    Mar 14, 2026Leo Benac, Jonas Raedler, Zilin Ma +1Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University

  19. Learning to Negotiate: Multi-Agent Deliberation for Collective Value Alignment in LLMs

    Mar 11, 2026Panatchakorn Anantaprayoon, Nataliia Babina, Nima Asgharbeygi +1Multi-Agent DeliberationLLM Alignment

    Integral AI · The University of Tokyo · MATS

  20. Capability-Priced Micro-Markets: A Micro-Economic Framework for the Agentic Web over HTTP 402

    Mar 4, 2026Ken Huang, Jerry Huang, Mahesh Lambe +8Agentic CommerceMulti-Agent Systems

    CSA and DistributedApps.ai · Kleiner Perkins · Unify Dynamics +4

  21. Scaling Inference-Time Computation via Opponent Simulation: Enabling Online Strategic Adaptation in Repeated Negotiation

    Feb 22, 2026Xiangyu Liu, Di Wang, Zhe Feng +1Repeated GamesMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Google Research · University of Maryland, College Park

  22. [Re] Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Negotiation through Scoreable Games

    Feb 20, 2026Jorge Carrasco Pollo, Ioannis Kapetangeorgis, Joshua Rosenthal +1LLM EvaluationAI Agent Benchmarks

    Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam

  23. The Language of Bargaining: Linguistic Effects in LLM Negotiations

    Jan 7, 2026Stuti Sinha, Himanshu Kumar, Aryan Raju Mandapati +2Multilingual Language Model EvaluationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    BITS Pilani