Automated Negotiation

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Overview

Automated negotiation studies how software agents can reach agreements when parties have different goals, limited information, or competing interests. Approaches range from game theory, Bayesian opponent modeling, and reinforcement learning to language-model agents that negotiate through dialogue, sometimes with human advisors or mediators. Researchers test these methods in settings such as buyer–seller markets, multi-party bargaining, contracts, and resource allocation. A key challenge is that agreement rates alone can hide poor outcomes: agents must also be assessed for surplus, fairness, efficiency, reliability, and safeguards such as privacy and consent.

Latest papers

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44 papers1 paper in the last four weeks, down 67% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Parallelism or Concession? Concurrency-Aware Procurement Negotiation for Agentic Commerce

    Oct 5, 2026Xiaolin Xu, Donghao ZhuMulti-Agent System OptimizationAutomated Negotiation

    School of Business Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China · Institute of Business Sciences University of Tsukuba Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan · University of Tokyo Market Design Center Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

  2. Learning to Sell: Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Large Language Model Agents in Multi-Product Markets

    Sep 27, 2026Shuze Daniel Liu, Claire Chen, Jiuqi Wang +2Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA · Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA · California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA +2

  3. ProMediConv: Benchmarking Proactive Conversational Agents in Legal Dispute Mediation

    Sep 10, 2026Zesheng Wei, Mengfan Li, Wenhao Liu +3Automated NegotiationLLM Agent Evaluation

    University of Science and Technology of China · Singapore Management University · Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center

  4. DIPLOMAT: Dialogue-Span-Aware Direct Preference Optimization for Polite Persuasive Workplace Negotiation Dialogues

    Sep 6, 2026Bibhuti Jha, Rishikant Chigrupaatii, Priyanshu Priya +1Automated NegotiationDirect Preference Optimization

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India · GREYC Laboratory, University of Caen Normandy, France

  5. Evaluating Rational Contracting in Natural Language

    Aug 11, 2026Bhavyesh Sajja, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Roger Zimmermann +1Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore · Department of Computer Science, University of Washington · A*STAR Institute of Advanced Intelligence and Computing

  6. Deal Me Maybe: The Role of Emotions in Multi-Agent Negotiation

    Aug 7, 2026Massimiliano Luca, Apoorva Singh, Bruno LepriMulti-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Bruno Kessler Foundation

  7. IB-RL: Isolated Bilateral Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Dialogue Agents

    Aug 7, 2026Senhao Wang, Chenghao Cai, Haitao Hu +4Automated NegotiationSelf-Play RL

    Dcar Inc. ByteDance

  8. TradeVerse: A Longitudinal Benchmark of Political Negotiation in International Trade

    Aug 6, 2026Debodeep Banerjee, Amitangshu DasguptaLLM EvaluationAutomated Negotiation

    DI, University of Pisa · RazorPay · DISI, University of Trento

  9. When LLM Agents Negotiate: Private Information and Dynamic Bargaining in Supply Chains

    Jul 29, 2026Chen Liang, Fasheng XuMulti-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    School of Business, University of Connecticut

  10. CoRenew: A large language model agent-based policy simulation platform for multifamily residential redevelopment

    Jul 28, 2026Yudi Zhang, Yuming Lin, Li Tian +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Department of Urban Planning, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China · Department of City and Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA · Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

  11. Everyone is unique: Towards Behaviorally Heterogeneous Negotiation Dialogue Systems for Debt Collection

    Jul 28, 2026Yuhang Yang, Kai Tang, Chao Ye +4Automated NegotiationLLM Agent Evaluation

    1State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University · 2Ant Group

  12. Multi-Agent Scheduling with LLM-Assisted Contract Net Negotiation for Stream Processing in Mobile Edge Computing

    Jul 19, 2026Sabeur Lajili, Zaki BrahmiAutomated NegotiationAgent Communication Protocols

    University of Sousse, Tunisia

  13. Digital Pantheon: Simulating and Auditing Coalition Formation with LLM Agents

    Jul 16, 2026Dylan Van Mulders, Matthias Bogaert, Dirk Van den PoelMulti-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Ghent University CVAMO Core Lab

  14. MIND-CAVs: Multi-Intelligence Negotiation and Decision System for CAVs based on Intent-Driven Autonomy

    Jul 16, 2026Mainak Mondal, Yihang Feng, Yangchao Luo +1Multi-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    University of Connecticut

  15. Strategic Bargaining in Multi-Buyer Markets: Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards for LLM Negotiations

    Jul 7, 2026Shuze Daniel Liu, Claire Chen, Jiabao Sean Xiao +2Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology · Mitch Daniels School of Business, Purdue University · The Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology +3

  16. SovereignNegotiation-Bench: Evaluating User-Owned Personal Agents In Delegated Bargaining Under Privacy, Consent, Evidence, And Institutional Pressure

    Jul 2, 2026Dylan Zongmin LiuAutomated NegotiationAI Agent Benchmarks

    Stanford University

  17. Self-Driving Negotiator: An interactive, verifiable benchmark for social negotiation and theory of mind under hidden intent

    Jun 13, 2026Ashutosh KumarAutonomous Driving BenchmarksAutomated Negotiation

    Owl Autonomous Imaging, Inc.

  18. Automated Mediator for Human Negotiation: Pre-Mediation via a Structured LLM Pipeline

    Jun 9, 2026Jamie Bergen, Sarit KrausAutomated NegotiationLLM Agent Orchestration

  19. Used Car Salesbots? Honesty and Credulity of LLMs as Bargaining Agents under Partial Information

    May 29, 2026Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone, Vaishak Belle, Shay B. CohenMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Negotiation

    University of Edinburgh

  20. EmoDistill: Offline Emotion Skill Distillation for Language Model Agents in Adversarial Negotiation

    May 26, 2026Yunbo Long, Haolang Zhao, Lukas Beckenbauer +2Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    University of Cambridge · Technical University of Munich · Exiger LLC +1

  21. Incentive-Aligned Vehicle-to-Vehicle Energy Trading via Nash-Integrated Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    May 21, 2026Yujin Lin, Yue Yang, Hao WangMulti-Agent CoordinationAutomated Negotiation

    Department of Data Science and AI, Faculty of IT, Monash University, Australia · Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Australia

  22. Personality Engineering with AI Agents: A New Methodology for Negotiation Research

    May 19, 2026Michelle A. Vaccaro, Jared R. CurhanAutomated Negotiation

    MIT Institute for Data, Systems, and Society · MIT Sloan School of Management

  23. PrefBench: Evaluating Zero-Shot LLM Agents in Hidden-Preference Personalized Pricing Negotiations

    May 19, 2026Yingjie LeiAutomated NegotiationLLM Agent Evaluation

    University of Aberdeen

  24. Counterparty Modeling is Not Strategy: The Limits of LLM Negotiators

    May 15, 2026Romain Cosentino, Sarath Shekkizhar, Adam Earle +1Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Salesforce AI Research

  25. TERMS-Bench: Diagnosing LLM Negotiation Agents Beyond Deal Rate

    May 13, 2026Erica Zhang, Fangzhao Zhang, Aneesh Pappu +5Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    ♠Stanford School of Engineering · ♣Stanford Department of Economics · ♥Stanford Graduate School of Business +1

  26. LLM-X: A Scalable Negotiation-Oriented Exchange for Communication Among Personal LLM Agents

    May 12, 2026Giuliano Lorenzoni, Paulo Alencar, Donald CowanMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Coordination

    University of Waterloo · University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada

  27. Regret Minimization in Bilateral Trade With Perturbed Markets

    May 11, 2026Anna Lunghi, Matteo Castiglioni, Alberto MarchesiMechanism DesignAutomated Negotiation

    Politecnico di Milano

  28. Distilling Bayesian Belief States into Language Models for Auditable Negotiation

    May 6, 2026Zongqi Cui, Baihan LinMulti-Agent NegotiationOpponent Modeling

    Emory University · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

  29. Talk is Cheap, Communication is Hard: Dynamic Grounding Failures and Repair in Multi-Agent Negotiation

    May 3, 2026Yiheng Yao, Chelsea Zou, Robert D. HawkinsMulti-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Stanford University

  30. Cooperate to Compete: Strategic Coordination in Multi-Agent Conquest

    Apr 28, 2026Abigail O'Neill, Alan Zhu, Mihran Miroyan +2Multi-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    University of California, Berkeley