Multi-Agent Negotiation

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Overview

Multi-agent negotiation studies how autonomous agents reach agreements when their goals, information, or resources differ, from price bargaining and coalition formation to traffic coordination and shared computing. Approaches include game-theoretic mechanisms, reinforcement learning with economic rewards, opponent modeling and theory of mind, and structured communication or contract protocols. Benchmarks increasingly test private information, repeated interaction, multiple parties, and long-horizon decisions, measuring not just deal rates but also surplus, efficiency, fairness, and contract reliability. A central challenge is that agents may agree often or infer others’ preferences accurately without using that knowledge effectively, while stronger economic performance can conflict with honesty, fairness, and dependable execution.

Latest papers

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53 papers7 papers in the last four weeks, against 2 the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Game-Theoretic Solvers with Bayesian Opponent Modeling and Moral Rhetoric Framing for GLEE

    Oct 27, 2026Hayden ArnoldMulti-Agent NegotiationOpponent Modeling

    KAIST

  2. A Serious-Game Testbed for Self-Governing Human-Machine Institutions

    Oct 27, 2026Callum Berger, Jeremy Pitt, Stefan SarkadiMulti-Agent SystemsMulti-Agent Negotiation

    APEx Defence and Security Institute, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK · Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

  3. Your Agent Acts Differently When You're Around: How User Presence Changes Agent Behavior in Negotiation

    Oct 27, 2026Jane Pan, You Lyu, Abe Bohan Hou +2Human-AI InteractionLLM Agent Evaluation

    New York University · Stanford University

  4. PolicyMediator: Multi-Regional Policy Learning through Mediation Agents with Evolving Skills in OPC Ecosystems

    Oct 26, 2026Jie Li, Bin Guo, Georgina Curto +3Policy LearningPolicy Optimization

    Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China · United Nations University Institute in Macau, Macau, China

  5. Knowing Whom to Trust is not Enough: The Trust--Agreement Gap in Repeated Multi-Party LLM Negotiation

    Oct 22, 2026Amit Sarker, Moumita Choudhury, Saaduddin Mahmud +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsTrust in AI

    University of Massachusetts Amherst

  6. Formalizing Cooperation and Competition: An AI-Assisted Mathematical Addendum to a 2018 Planning Thesis

    Oct 21, 2026Haitham Masaud AmarPrice of AnarchyCooperative Game Theory

  7. How Far Can an Agent Push? Trust-Safety Margins in Live Language-Based Economic Games

    Oct 18, 2026Dima Galat, Marian-Andrei RizoiuGame-Playing AgentsMulti-Agent Negotiation

    University of Technology Sydney

  8. SCARCE: Emergent Institutions in Long-Horizon Multi-Agent Coding Systems

    Oct 15, 2026Abhinav Kumar, Rediet Abebe, Eugene Bagdasarian +1Multi-Agent Resource AllocationMulti-Agent Systems

    University of Massachusetts Amherst · ELLIS Institute Tübingen · MPI for Intelligent Systems +1

  9. Receiver Decides Agent-to-Agent Negotiations

    Oct 13, 2026Fardeen Sadab, Alif Hasnain, Afsana Shehrin +2Multi-Agent NegotiationPersuasion in Language Models

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  10. Constitutional Gating and Deterministic Recovery for Multi-Agent LLM Negotiation: Ablations Against a Stateful Adversarial Gatekeeper

    Oct 8, 2026Masaaki Nakatsu, Reno WangLLM Agent ReliabilityMulti-Agent Negotiation

    AO, Inc. / OrbLabs AG · AO, Inc.

  11. Do Small Language Models Learn to Negotiate? A Controlled Scaling Study of RL-Trained Sellers

    Oct 5, 2026Pedro Tabacof, Sagar JoglekarRL for Language ModelsMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Fin AI Research

  12. Learning to Sell: Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Large Language Model Agents in Multi-Product Markets

    Sep 27, 2026Shuze Daniel Liu, Claire Chen, Jiuqi Wang +2Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA · Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA · California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA +2

  13. CoLMIN: LLM-based Multi-Decision Path Negotiation for Cooperative Autonomous Driving

    Sep 4, 2026Zhe Huang, Zhaoxin Fan, Shuo Wang +3Autonomous DrivingMulti-Agent Coordination

    School of future Transportation, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China · Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China · School of information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China +2

  14. WONDER: A Radio World Model-based Negotiation Framework for Multi-Agent UAV Coverage Optimization

    Aug 16, 2026Jiahao Huang, Rongpeng Li, Zhifeng Zhao +2Coverage Path PlanningMulti-Agent Coordination

    Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China · Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China · College of Communications and Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China +1

  15. Argumentation for Common Ground: Finding Zones of Possible Agreement between Individuals in Conflict

    Aug 16, 2026Elisa Cavatorta, Antonio RagoComputational ArgumentationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    King’s College London, UK

  16. From Passive Delegates to Strategic Negotiators: Reinforcing Social Reasoning in Small Language Models with SocialRL

    Aug 13, 2026Wenyue Hua, Zachary Huang, Tyler Payne +3LLM Agent TrainingSocial Reasoning

    Microsoft Research, AI Frontiers

  17. Evaluating Rational Contracting in Natural Language

    Aug 11, 2026Bhavyesh Sajja, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Roger Zimmermann +1Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore · Department of Computer Science, University of Washington · A*STAR Institute of Advanced Intelligence and Computing

  18. Deal Me Maybe: The Role of Emotions in Multi-Agent Negotiation

    Aug 7, 2026Massimiliano Luca, Apoorva Singh, Bruno LepriMulti-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Bruno Kessler Foundation

  19. When LLM Agents Negotiate: Private Information and Dynamic Bargaining in Supply Chains

    Jul 29, 2026Chen Liang, Fasheng XuMulti-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    School of Business, University of Connecticut

  20. CoRenew: A large language model agent-based policy simulation platform for multifamily residential redevelopment

    Jul 28, 2026Yudi Zhang, Yuming Lin, Li Tian +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Negotiation

    Department of Urban Planning, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China · Department of City and Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA · Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

  21. Commitment To Cooperation With Self-Negotiated Contracts

    Jul 23, 2026Tim Wyse, Kaitlin Bustos, Yulia Volkova +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Coordination

    Algoverse AI Research · University of Washington

  22. Digital Pantheon: Simulating and Auditing Coalition Formation with LLM Agents

    Jul 16, 2026Dylan Van Mulders, Matthias Bogaert, Dirk Van den PoelMulti-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Ghent University CVAMO Core Lab

  23. MIND-CAVs: Multi-Intelligence Negotiation and Decision System for CAVs based on Intent-Driven Autonomy

    Jul 16, 2026Mainak Mondal, Yihang Feng, Yangchao Luo +1Multi-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Negotiation

    University of Connecticut

  24. Strategic Bargaining in Multi-Buyer Markets: Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards for LLM Negotiations

    Jul 7, 2026Shuze Daniel Liu, Claire Chen, Jiabao Sean Xiao +2Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology · Mitch Daniels School of Business, Purdue University · The Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology +3

  25. When Does Personality Composition Matter for Multi-Agent LLM Teams?

    Jun 25, 2026Aryan Keluskar, Amrita Bhattacharjee, Huan LiuMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Negotiation

    School of Computing & AI Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85281, USA

  26. SidConArena: An Environment Evaluating Agents in Open-Ended,Positive-Sum Bargaining Game

    Jun 24, 2026Yeqi Feng, Yuxin Chen, Tianxing HeMulti-Agent NegotiationGame Theory

    Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University

  27. Used Car Salesbots? Honesty and Credulity of LLMs as Bargaining Agents under Partial Information

    May 29, 2026Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone, Vaishak Belle, Shay B. CohenMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Negotiation

    University of Edinburgh

  28. EmoDistill: Offline Emotion Skill Distillation for Language Model Agents in Adversarial Negotiation

    May 26, 2026Yunbo Long, Haolang Zhao, Lukas Beckenbauer +2Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    University of Cambridge · Technical University of Munich · Exiger LLC +1

  29. Counterparty Modeling is Not Strategy: The Limits of LLM Negotiators

    May 15, 2026Romain Cosentino, Sarath Shekkizhar, Adam Earle +1Multi-Agent NegotiationAutomated Negotiation

    Salesforce AI Research

  30. Cattle Trade: A Multi-Agent Benchmark for LLM Bluffing, Bidding, and Bargaining

    May 14, 2026Robert Müller, Clemens MüllerMulti-Agent NegotiationGame-Playing Agents