Pseudo-Labeling

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Overview

Pseudo-labeling studies how to use model-generated labels to learn from unlabeled examples, making it useful when human annotation is scarce or expensive. Common approaches include teacher–student self-training, confidence thresholding, consistency training, and iterative refinement, with applications spanning image segmentation, speech recognition, domain adaptation, and graph learning. Recent methods add calibration, uncertainty estimates, foundation-model cues, or temporal and multimodal agreement to decide which predictions to trust. The central tension is that more pseudo-labels increase coverage but can also amplify errors and confirmation bias, so gains depend on label quality, distribution shift, and the task.

Latest papers

CardsList

159 papers16 papers in the last four weeks, down 36% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. RABC-Net: Reliability-Aware Annotation-Free Skin Lesion Segmentation for Low-Resource Dermoscopy

    Apr 7, 2026Yujie Yao, Yuhaohang He, Junjie Huang +6Skin Lesion SegmentationBoundary-Aware Segmentation

    College of Information Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China

  2. EventHub: Data Factory for Generalizable Event-Based Stereo Networks without Active Sensors

    Apr 2, 2026Luca Bartolomei, Fabio Tosi, Matteo Poggi +2Event-Based VisionStereo Matching

    Advanced Research Center on Electronic System (ARCES) · Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), University of Bologna, Italy · TU Berlin, Robotics Institute Germany, Einstein Center Digital Future, SCIoI Excellence Cluster, Germany

  3. MonoSAOD: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Sparsely Annotated Label

    Apr 2, 2026Junyoung Jung, Seokwon Kim, Jung Uk Kim3D Object DetectionMonocular 3D Object Detection

    Kyung Hee University

  4. Cooperative Coevolution versus Monolithic Evolutionary Search for Semi-Supervised Tabular Classification

    Apr 1, 2026Jamal ToutouhSemi-Supervised LearningTabular ML

    ITIS, Universidad de Málaga Spain

  5. Foundation Model-guided Iteratively Prompting and Pseudo-Labeling for Partially Labeled Medical Image Segmentation

    Apr 1, 2026Qiaochu Zhao, Wei Wei, David Horowitz +2Medical Image SegmentationPseudo-Labeling

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, USA · Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA · Data Science Institute, Columbia University, USA +2

  6. Make It Up: Fake Images, Real Gains in Generalized Few-shot Semantic Segmentation

    Mar 28, 2026Guohuan Xie, Xin He, Dingying Fan +3Few-Shot Semantic SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    College of Software, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China. · School of Information and Communication Engineering, UESTC, Chengdu 611731, China. +2

  7. Denoise and Align: Towards Source-Free UDA for Robust Panoramic Semantic Segmentation

    Mar 26, 2026Yaowen Chang, Zhen Cao, Xu Zheng +2Semantic SegmentationSource-Free Domain Adaptation

    Wuhan University · HKUST (Guangzhou) · Wuhan University of Technology

  8. Pseudo Label NCF for Sparse OHC Recommendation: Dual Representation Learning and the Separability Accuracy Trade off

    Mar 25, 2026Pronob Kumar Barman, Tera L. Reynolds, James FouldsCollaborative FilteringCold-Start Recommendation

    Department of Information Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

  9. BCMDA: Bidirectional Correlation Maps Domain Adaptation for Mixed Domain Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Mar 25, 2026Bentao Song, Jun Huang, Qingfeng WangSemi-Supervised Medical Image SegmentationUnsupervised Domain Adaptation

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China

  10. HACMatch Semi-Supervised Rotation Regression with Hardness-Aware Curriculum Pseudo Labeling

    Mar 23, 2026Mei Li, Huayi Zhou, Suizhi Huang +3Object Pose EstimationSemi-Supervised Learning

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China

  11. CTFS : Collaborative Teacher Framework for Forward-Looking Sonar Image Semantic Segmentation with Extremely Limited Labels

    Mar 22, 2026Ping Guo, Chengzhou Li, Guanchen Meng +6Image SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China

  12. What If Consensus Lies? Selective-Complementary Reinforcement Learning at Test Time

    Mar 20, 2026Dong Yan, Jian Liang, Yanbo Wang +3RL for Language Model ReasoningTest-Time RL

    School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · NLPR & MAIS, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Nanjing University

  13. Pseudo-Labeling for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Kernel GLMs

    Mar 19, 2026Nathan Weill, Kaizheng WangUnsupervised Domain AdaptationCovariate Shift

    Department of IEOR, Columbia University. · Department of IEOR and Data Science Institute, Columbia University.

  14. When the City Teaches the Car: Label-Free 3D Perception from Infrastructure

    Mar 17, 2026Zhen Xu, Jinsu Yoo, Cristian Bautista +7Autonomous Driving3D Object Detection

    The Ohio State University · Google · Cornell University +2

  15. Real-World Point Tracking with Verifier-Guided Pseudo-Labeling

    Mar 12, 2026Görkay Aydemir, Fatma Güney, Weidi XiePoint TrackingPseudo-Labeling

    Department of Computer Engineering, Koc¸ University · KUIS AI Center · School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

  16. EReCu: Pseudo-label Evolution Fusion and Refinement with Multi-Cue Learning for Unsupervised Camouflage Detection

    Mar 12, 2026Shuo Jiang, Gaojia Zhang, Min Tan +2Pseudo-LabelingUnsupervised Camouflaged Object Detection

    Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Space Information Sensing and Transmission, Hangzhou Dianzi University · Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation, School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University · College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University

  17. GNN-as-Judge: Unleashing the Power of LLMs for Graph Learning with GNN Feedback

    Mar 11, 2026Ruiyao Xu, Kaize DingText-Attributed Graph LearningLLMs for Graph Learning

    Department of Statistics and Data Science, Northwestern University

  18. Weakly Supervised Teacher-Student Framework with Progressive Pseudo-mask Refinement for Gland Segmentation

    Mar 9, 2026Hikmat Khan, Wei Chen, Muhammad Khalid Khan NiaziHistopathology Image SegmentationMedical Image Segmentation

    Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA

  19. DDS-UDA: Dual-Domain Synergy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in Joint Segmentation of Optic Disc and Optic Cup

    Mar 7, 2026Yusong Xiao, Yuxuan Wu, Li Xiao +3Medical Image SegmentationUnsupervised Domain Adaptation

    MoE Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligence Perception and Cognition, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA · School of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China

  20. Point-Supervised Skeleton-Based Human Action Segmentation

    Mar 6, 2026Hongsong Wang, Yiqin Shen, Pengbo Yan +2Temporal Action SegmentationPseudo-Labeling

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China · School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China · Southeast University - Monash University Joint Graduate School, SuZhou 215123, China +1

  21. A Semi-Supervised Framework for Breast Ultrasound Segmentation with Training-Free Pseudo-Label Generation and Label Refinement

    Mar 6, 2026Ruili Li, Jiayi Ding, Ruiyu Li +7Ultrasound Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan · State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China · Southeast University, School of Cyber Science and Engineering Nanjing, Jiangsu, China +4

  22. Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Adaptation of Vision-Language Models

    Mar 3, 2026Julio Silva-Rodríguez, Ender KonukogluVLM AdaptationFew-Shot Image Classification

    Computer Vision Lab, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

  23. Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation in Synchrotron Computed Tomography with Self-Correcting Pseudo Labels

    Feb 27, 2026Austin Yunker, Peter Kenesei, Hemant Sharma +3Unsupervised Image Segmentation3D Semantic Segmentation

    Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL USA · X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL USA

  24. PSQE: A Theoretical-Practical Approach to Pseudo Seed Quality Enhancement for Unsupervised Multimodal Entity Alignment

    Feb 26, 2026Yunpeng Hong, Chenyang Bu, Jie Zhang +3Cross-Modal AlignmentPseudo-Labeling

    Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data (the Ministry of Education of China), Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, CN · Department of Data Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA · College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, CN

  25. Unified Unsupervised and Sparsely-Supervised 3D Object Detection by Semantic Pseudo-Labeling and Prototype Learning

    Feb 25, 2026Yushen He, Lei Zhao, Weidong Chen3D Object DetectionPseudo-Labeling

    School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing and Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai 200240, China.

  26. Generative Pseudo-Labeling for Pre-Ranking with LLMs

    Feb 24, 2026Junyu Bi, Xinting Niu, Daixuan Cheng +4Pseudo-LabelingRecommender Systems

    Alibaba Group Beijing, China · Renmin University Beijing, China

  27. DA-Cal: Towards Cross-Domain Calibration in Semantic Segmentation

    Feb 24, 2026Wangkai Li, Rui Sun, Zhaoyang Li +2Model CalibrationSemantic Segmentation

    Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China

  28. Gradient based Severity Labeling for Biomarker Classification in OCT

    Feb 23, 2026Kiran Kokilepersaud, Mohit Prabhushankar, Ghassan AlRegib +2ClassificationPseudo-Labeling

    OLIVES at the Center for Signal and Information Processing CSIP, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA · Retina Consultants Texas, Retina Consultants of America, Houston, Texas, USA

  29. Enhancing Automatic Chord Recognition via Pseudo-Labeling and Knowledge Distillation

    Feb 23, 2026Nghia Phan, Rong Jin, Gang Liu +1Pseudo-LabelingMusic Information Retrieval

    California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA · Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA · Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University, China

  30. Pay Attention to CTC: Fast and Robust Pseudo-Labelling for Unified Speech Recognition

    Feb 22, 2026Alexandros Haliassos, Rodrigo Mira, Stavros PetridisConnectionist Temporal ClassificationAutomatic Speech Recognition

    NatWest AI Research · Imperial College London