Semantic Segmentation

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Overview

Semantic segmentation predicts a category for each pixel, supporting applications such as autonomous driving, medical imaging, and remote sensing. Common approaches include CNN and vision-transformer encoders with multi-scale decoders, while foundation models, vision-language prompts, and diffusion features are increasingly adapted for dense prediction. To reduce annotation demands, researchers use weak or sparse labels, pseudo-labeling, synthetic data, few-shot learning, and domain adaptation; RGB-D, thermal, radar, and other sensors provide complementary cues. Key challenges are reliable transfer across domains and conditions, accurate boundaries and rare classes, and balancing accuracy with calibration and inference cost.

Latest papers

CardsList

416 papers33 papers in the last four weeks, down 20% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Tokenizing Semantic Segmentation with Run Length Encoding

    Feb 25, 2026Abhineet Singh, Justin Rozeboom, Nilanjan RaySemantic SegmentationImage Tokenization

    Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

  2. Region of Interest Segmentation and Morphological Analysis for Membranes in Cryo-Electron Tomography

    Feb 24, 2026Xingyi Cheng, Julien Maufront, Aurélie Di Cicco +3Image SegmentationElectron Microscopy

    Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France · Inria Center at University of Rennes, SAIRPICO team, Rennes, France · Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Universiteit Leiden, the Netherlands

  3. DA-Cal: Towards Cross-Domain Calibration in Semantic Segmentation

    Feb 24, 2026Wangkai Li, Rui Sun, Zhaoyang Li +2Model CalibrationSemantic Segmentation

    Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China

  4. Onboard-Targeted Segmentation of Straylight in Space Camera Sensors

    Feb 24, 2026Riccardo Gallon, Fabian Schiemenz, Alessandra Menicucci +1Efficient Semantic SegmentationImage Segmentation

    Department of Space Systems Engineering, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Kluyverweg 1, HS Delft, 2629, Netherlands · Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Claude-Dornier Straße, Immenstaad am Bodensee, 88090, Germany

  5. Interaction-aware Representation Modeling with Co-occurrence Consistency for Egocentric Hand-Object Parsing

    Feb 24, 2026Yuejiao Su, Yi Wang, Lei Yao +2Human-Object InteractionEgocentric Video Understanding

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

  6. Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concrete: An Unsupervised Approach

    Feb 23, 2026Kaustav Das, Gaston Rauchs, Jan Sykora +1Image SegmentationSuperpixel Segmentation

    Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague 6, Czech Republic · Structural Composites Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

  7. Enhancing 3D LiDAR Segmentation by Shaping Dense and Accurate 2D Semantic Predictions

    Feb 21, 2026Xiaoyu Dong, Tiankui Xian, Wanshui Gan +1Multimodal Semantic Segmentation3D Semantic Segmentation

    The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan · RIKEN AIP, Tokyo, Japan

  8. Faster Training, Fewer Labels: Self-Supervised Pretraining for Fine-Grained BEV Segmentation

    Feb 20, 2026Daniel Busch, Christian Bohn, Thomas Kurbiel +3Bird's-Eye-View SegmentationAutonomous Driving Perception

    University of Wuppertal · APTIV

  9. SAILS: Segment Anything with Incrementally Learned Semantics for Task-Invariant and Training-Free Continual Learning

    Feb 16, 2026Shishir Muralidhara, Didier Stricker, René SchusterTask-Free Continual LearningContinual Learning

    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) · RPTU – University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern

  10. Modeling The Object Representations Underlying Human Physical Reasoning

    Feb 12, 2026Andrey Gizdov, Andrea Procopio, Lorenzo Caputi +4Physical ReasoningComputational Cognitive Modeling

    Harvard University · Weizmann Institute of Science · Bocconi University

  11. GaussianCaR: Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Camera-Radar Fusion

    Feb 9, 2026Santiago Montiel-Marín, Miguel Antunes-García, Fabio Sánchez-García +3Camera-Radar FusionAutonomous Driving Perception

    Department of Electronics. University of Alcalá, Spain. · Department of Cognitive Robotics. Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.

  12. Multi-encoder ConvNeXt Network with Smooth Attentional Feature Fusion for Multispectral Semantic Segmentation

    Feb 8, 2026Leo Thomas Ramos, Angel D. SappaSemantic SegmentationRemote Sensing Image Segmentation

    Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain · ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, 090112, Ecuador

  13. Learning to Segment Liquids in Real-world Images

    Jan 2, 2026Jonas Li, Michelle Li, Luke Liu +2Image SegmentationBoundary-Aware Segmentation

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA

  14. Exploring the Underwater World Segmentation without Extra Training

    Nov 11, 2025Bingyu Li, Tao Huo, Da Zhang +3Image SegmentationOpen-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation

    Institute of Artificial Intelligence (TeleAI), China Telecom, China · University of Science and Technology of China, China · Northwestern Polytechnical University, China

  15. DWFF-Net: A Multi-Scale Farmland System Habitat Identification Method with Adaptive Dynamic Weight Feature Fusion

    Nov 11, 2025Kesong Zheng, Zhi Song, Peizhou Li +4Agricultural Image AnalysisMulti-Scale Feature Fusion

    National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China · College of Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, China · College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning, China +2

  16. AD-SAM: Adapting the Segment Anything Model for Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving

    Oct 30, 2025Het Patel, Mario Camarena, Fatemeh Nazari +3Vision Foundation Model AdaptationAutonomous Driving Perception

    Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA · Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

  17. AURASeg: Attention-Guided Upsampling with Residual-Assisted Boundary Refinement for Drivable-Area Segmentation

    Oct 24, 2025Narendhiran VijayakumarAutonomous Driving PerceptionBoundary-Aware Segmentation

  18. Improved Robustness from Biologically Inspired Sparse Contrast Representations

    Sep 29, 2025Lorena Stracke, Lia Nimmermann, Shashank Agnihotri +3Distribution Shift RobustnessImage Segmentation

    Media Systems, University of Siegen, Germany · Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Germany · Analogue Circuits and Image Sensors, University of Siegen, Germany +1

  19. JVLGS: Joint Vision-Language Gas Leak Segmentation

    Aug 27, 2025Xinlong Zhao, Qixiang Pang, Shan DuSemantic Segmentation

    University of British Columbia - Okanagan · University of Central Missouri

  20. Through the Looking Glass: A Dual Perspective on Weakly-Supervised Few-Shot Segmentation

    Aug 22, 2025Jiaqi Ma, Guo-Sen Xie, Fang Zhao +1Weakly Supervised Image SegmentationWeakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China · School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, China

  21. SynSeg: Feature Synergy for Multi-Category Contrastive Learning in End-to-End Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation

    Aug 8, 2025Weichen Zhang, Kebin Liu, Fan Dang +3Contrastive LearningWeakly Supervised Image Segmentation

    Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China · Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China

  22. From Pixels to Images: A Structural Survey of Deep Learning Paradigms in Remote Sensing Image Semantic Segmentation

    May 21, 2025Quanwei Liu, Tao Huang, Jiaqi Yang +1Remote Sensing Image SegmentationMultimodal Semantic Segmentation

    College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia · Center for AI and Data Science Innovation, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia · Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA +1

  23. Panoramic Out-of-Distribution Segmentation

    May 6, 2025Mengfei Duan, Yuheng Zhang, Yihong Cao +5OOD DetectionSemantic Segmentation

    The authors are with the School of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics and the National Engineering Research Center of Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

  24. SARTM: Segment Any RGB Thermal Model with Language aided Distillation

    May 4, 2025Dong Xing, Jinhe Zhang, Hang Yang +1Vision Foundation Model AdaptationSemantic Segmentation

    Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanicsand Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences University

  25. Asynchronous Federated Continual Segmentation with Evolving Clients and Label Spaces

    Mar 19, 2025Can Peng, Qianhui Men, Pramit Saha +5Federated Learning AggregationFederated Continual Learning

    University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom · University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

  26. SegCol Challenge: Semantic Segmentation for Tools and Fold Edges in Colonoscopy data

    Dec 20, 2024Xinwei Ju, Rema Daher, Razvan Caramalau +7EndoscopyImage Segmentation

    UCL Hawkes Institute, University College London, London, UK · Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK · Medtronic, London, UK +3