Spiking Neural Networks

Also known as SNN

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Overview

Spiking neural networks study computation with neurons that integrate inputs over time and communicate through spikes, making them a natural fit for event-based data such as vision, audio, and sensor streams. Common approaches include training with surrogate gradients and backpropagation through time, local plasticity rules such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and converting conventional neural networks into spiking ones; researchers also design new neuron dynamics, temporal codes, and spiking attention or state-space models. Applications range from edge sensing and robotics to language, medical imaging, and scientific computing, with implementations on neuromorphic chips, FPGAs, and conventional hardware. A central tension is whether sparse activity yields real energy and latency savings without sacrificing accuracy: results depend on the task, encoding, time steps, and hardware, so deployment-aware benchmarks remain important.

Latest papers

CardsList

358 papers49 papers in the last four weeks, up 40% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

  1. Training event-based neural networks with exact gradients via Differentiable ODE Solving in JAX

    Mar 9, 2026Lukas König, Manuel Kuhn, David Kappel +1Spiking Neural Networks

    CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany · Department of Computer Science, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom

  2. mlx-snn: Spiking Neural Networks on Apple Silicon via MLX

    Mar 3, 2026Jiahao QinSpiking Neural Networks

  3. Reward-Modulated Local Learning in Spiking Encoders: Controlled Benchmarks with STDP and Hybrid Rate Readouts

    Feb 28, 2026Debjyoti ChakrabortyHandwritten Digit RecognitionSpiking Neural Networks

    Researcher

  4. TP-Spikformer: Token Pruned Spiking Transformer

    Feb 28, 2026Wenjie Wei, Xiaolong Zhou, Malu Zhang +8Spiking TransformersToken Pruning

    University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute · Northumbria University +1

  5. Bullet Trains: Parallelizing Training of Temporally Precise Spiking Neural Networks

    Feb 27, 2026Todd Morrill, Christian Pehle, Anthony ZadorSpiking Neural NetworksNeuromorphic Computing

    Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA · Department of Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA

  6. SpikeTrack: A Spike-driven Framework for Efficient Visual Tracking

    Feb 27, 2026Qiuyang Zhang, Jiujun Cheng, Qichao Mao +5Visual Object TrackingSpiking Neural Networks

    Tongji University · Nova University of Lisbon · Stockholm University +2

  7. Orthogonal Weight Modification Enhances Learning Scalability and Convergence Efficiency without Gradient Backpropagation

    Feb 25, 2026Guoqing Ma, Shan YuNeuromorphic ComputingSpiking Neural Networks

    Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

  8. Robust Spiking Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks

    Feb 24, 2026Shuai Wang, Malu Zhang, Yulin Jiang +7Adversarial RobustnessSpiking Neural Networks

    University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute · Northumbria University +1

  9. Spiking Graph Predictive Coding for Reliable OOD Generalization

    Feb 22, 2026Jing Ren, Jiapeng Du, Bowen Li +6OOD GeneralizationGraph Neural Networks

    RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia · University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand · CSIRO’s Data61, Melbourne, Australia +1

  10. Memory-Augmented Spiking Networks: Synergistic Integration of Complementary Mechanisms for Neuromorphic Vision

    Feb 21, 2026Effiong Blessing, Chiung-Yi Tseng, Isaac Nkrumah +1Spiking Neural NetworksNeuromorphic Computing

    Department Of Computer Science, Saint Louis University · Luxmuse AI · Saint Louis University +1

  11. Flexi-NeurA: A Flexible Neuromorphic Accelerator with Adaptive Bit-Precision Exploration for Edge Devices

    Feb 20, 2026Mohammad Farahani, Mohammad Rasoul Roshanshah, Saeed SafariNeuromorphic ComputingFPGA Acceleration

    High-Performance Embedded Architecture Laboratory (HiPEAL), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

  12. HiAER-Spike Software-Hardware Reconfigurable Platform for Event-Driven Neuromorphic Computing at Scale

    Feb 20, 2026Gwenevere Frank, Gopabandhu Hota, Keli Wang +12Neuromorphic ComputingEfficient Neural Network Inference

    Institute for Neural Computation, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA. · Qernel AI, 460 California Ave ste 204, Palo Alto, 94306, CA, USA. · Fujitsu, 4-1-1 Kamikodanaka, Nakahara-ku Kawasaki-shi, 211-8588, Kanagawa, Japan. +1

  13. NeuroVLA: A Brain-inspired Embodied Intelligence for Fluid and Fast Reflexive Robotics Control

    Jan 21, 2026Weiyu Guo, He Zhang, Pengteng Li +7Robotic ControlVision-Language-Action Models

    The Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China. · AI2 Robotics, Shenzhen, China · Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China +1

  14. Building Supervision into Hebbian Plasticity through Spike Agreement

    Jan 13, 2026Gouri Lakshmi S, Athira Chandrasekharan, Harshit Kumar +3Hebbian LearningSpiking Neural Networks

    Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India

  15. ADSEQ: A delay-aware autograd-compatible framework for spike-event delivery in SNNs

    Dec 5, 2025Lennart P. L. Landsmeer, Amirreza Movahedin, Said Hamdioui +1Automatic DifferentiationSpiking Neural Networks

    Department of Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands · NeuroComputingLab, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Netherlands

  16. NeuroFlex: Lossless Element-Level ANN-SNN Co-Execution for Efficient Sparse Inference

    Nov 7, 2025Varun Manjunath, Pranav Ramesh, Gopalakrishnan SrinivasanEfficient Neural Network InferenceSpiking Neural Networks

    Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, India · Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, India

  17. Online Continual Learning on Intel Loihi 2 via a Co-designed Spiking Neural Network

    Nov 3, 2025Elvin Hajizada, Danielle Rager, Timothy Shea +5Online Continual LearningIncremental Learning

    Institute of Informatics, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany · Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA · Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA +3

  18. Exploiting heterogeneous delays for efficient computation in low-bit neural networks

    Oct 31, 2025Pengfei Sun, Jascha Achterberg, Zhe Su +2Neuromorphic ComputingSpiking Neural Networks

    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London. · Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford. · Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich. +2

  19. Local Timescale Gates for Timescale-Robust Continual Spiking Neural Networks

    Oct 13, 2025Devansh Deep, Ansh Tiwari, Ayush ChauhanSpiking Neural NetworksOnline Continual Learning

  20. Quantifying How Training Gradient Sparsity Affect Spiking Neural Network Accuracy And Robustness

    Sep 28, 2025Nhan Trong Luu, Duong Trung LuuNeural Network GeneralizationNeural Network Robustness

    College of Information and Communication Technology, Can Tho University, Vietnam · College of Engineering and Computer Science, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam · Center of Digital Transformation and Communication, Can Tho University, Vietnam

  21. Adaptive Time-step Training for Enhancing Spike-Based Neural Radiance Fields

    Jul 30, 2025Ranxi Lin, Canming Yao, Jiayi Li +3Efficient Neural Network InferenceNeural Rendering

    School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China · Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China

  22. Efficient Memristive Spiking Neural Networks Architecture with Supervised In-Situ STDP Method

    Jul 28, 2025Santlal Prajapati, Susmita Sur-Kolay, Soumyadeep DuttaEfficient Neural Network InferenceSpiking Neural Networks

    Advanced Computing and Microelectronics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India · Balasore Alloys Limited, Balgopalpur, Odisha 756020, India

  23. Stochastic Quantum Spiking Neural Networks with Quantum Memory and Local Learning

    Jun 26, 2025Jiechen Chen, Bipin Rajendran, Osvaldo SimeoneQuantum Machine LearningSpiking Neural Networks

    Department of Engineering, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK · Institute for Intelligent Networked Systems, Northeastern University London, One Portsoken Street, London, E1 8PH, UK

  24. Sigma-Delta Neural Network Conversion on Loihi 2

    May 9, 2025Matthew Brehove, Sadia Anjum Tumpa, Espoir Kyubwa +2Efficient Neural Network InferenceSpiking Neural Networks

    ChromoLogic LLC Monrovia, California, USA · Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

  25. Causal pieces: analysing and improving spiking neural networks piece by piece

    Apr 18, 2025Dominik Dold, Philipp Christian PetersenNeural Network InitializationSpiking Neural Networks

  26. Robust and efficient enriched representation with intrinsic neuronal heterogeneity

    Dec 6, 2024Arash Golmohammadi, Jannik Luboeinski, Christian TetzlaffRecurrent Neural NetworksNeural Network Robustness

  27. Enabling Energy-Efficient Simultaneous Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning through Spiking Neural Networks with Active Dendrites for Bio-inspired Generalist Agents

    Dec 6, 2024Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra, Avaneesh Devkota, Muhammad ShafiqueReinforcement LearningDeep Q-Learning

    eBRAIN Lab · New York University (NYU) Abu Dhabi

  28. Application based Evaluation of an Efficient Spike-Encoder, "Spiketrum"

    May 24, 2024MHD Anas Alsakkal, Runze Wang, Jayawan Wijekoon +1Lossless Data CompressionSpike-Based Signal Encoding

    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. · State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.