3D Medical Imaging

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Overview

3D medical imaging studies how to extract anatomical and clinical information from scans while preserving relationships across slices. CNNs, transformers, and self-supervised foundation models support tasks such as segmentation, lesion detection, registration, and report generation, evaluated on settings including BraTS brain MRI and LIDC-IDRI lung CT. For reconstruction and image enhancement, methods combine measured scan data and physical models with diffusion or flow models, neural fields, and Gaussian splatting. A central tension is that full-volume models capture spatial context but demand substantial computation, while slice-based approaches are cheaper; generalization across scanners and reliable clinical evaluation remain open challenges.

Latest papers

CardsList

173 papers13 papers in the last four weeks, level with the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Virtual-reality based patient-specific simulation of spine surgical procedures: A fast, highly automated and high-fidelity system for surgical education and planning

    Apr 29, 2026Raj Kumar Ranabhat, Tayler D Ross, Tony Jiao +33D Medical Imaging

    Holland Bone and Joint Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. · Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. · Division of Spine Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.

  2. EXACT: an explainable anomaly-aware vision foundation model for analysis of 3D chest CT

    Apr 27, 2026Xuguang Bai, Mingxuan Liu, Tongxi Song +6Medical Imaging Foundation ModelsRadiology VLMs

    School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. · Department of Radiology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China. · Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100084

  3. VS-DDPM: Efficient Low-Cost Diffusion Model for Medical Modality Translation

    Apr 24, 2026Nikoo Moradi, Gijs Luijten, Behrus Hinrichs-Puladi +4Image-to-Image Translation3D Medical Imaging

    Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), Essen University Hospital (AöR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany · Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16, Graz, 8010, Austria · Center for Virtual and Extended Reality in Medicine (ZvRM), University Hospital Essen (AöR), Essen, Germany +7

  4. Conditional Diffusion Posterior Alignment for Sparse-View CT Reconstruction

    Apr 23, 2026Luis Barba, Johannes Kirschner, Benjamin BejarCone-Beam CT3D Medical Imaging

    Swiss Data Science Center (SDSC) in Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland. · Swiss Data Science Center (SDSC) and ETH Zurich, Switzerland. · Swiss Data Science Center (SDSC) and Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland.

  5. Generative Drifting for Conditional Medical Image Generation

    Apr 21, 2026Zirong Li, Siyuan Mei, Weiwen Wu +33D Medical ImagingOne-Step Generative Modeling

    Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany · Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany · Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany +1

  6. VecHeart: Holistic Four-Chamber Cardiac Anatomy Modeling via Hybrid VecSets

    Apr 21, 2026Yihong Chen, Pascal FuaTransformer3D Reconstruction

    CVLAB, EPFL

  7. Structure-Adaptive Sparse Diffusion in Voxel Space for 3D Medical Image Enhancement

    Apr 20, 2026Hongxu Jiang, Fei Li, Boxiao Yu +43D Medical ImagingMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA · Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA · Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL +2

  8. Beyond a Single Frame: Multi-Frame Spatially Grounded Reasoning Across Volumetric MRI

    Apr 17, 2026Lama Moukheiber, Caleb M. Yeung, Haotian Xue +33D Spatial Reasoning3D Medical Imaging

    Georgia Institute of Technology · Harvard University · Georgetown University

  9. CLIP Architecture for Abdominal CT Image-Text Alignment and Zero-Shot Learning: Investigating Batch Composition and Data Scaling

    Apr 15, 2026Shivika, Kartik Bose, Pankaj GuptaMedical VLMs3D Medical Imaging

    Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India-160012

  10. MedGemma 1.5 Technical Report

    Apr 6, 2026Andrew Sellergren, Chufan Gao, Fereshteh Mahvar +39Medical Imaging Foundation Models3D Medical Imaging

  11. MVis-Fold: A Three-Dimensional Microvascular Structure Inference Model for Super-Resolution Ultrasound

    Apr 6, 2026Jincao Yao, Ke Zhang, Yahan Zhou +83D Reconstruction3D Medical Imaging

    Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging & Interventional Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China · Research Center of Interventional Medicine and Engineering, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China · Wenling Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taizhou, China +8

  12. PR3DICTR: A modular AI framework for medical 3D image-based detection and outcome prediction

    Apr 3, 2026Daniel C. MacRae, Luuk van der Hoek, Robert van der Wal +5Medical Image Classification3D Medical Imaging

    Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

  13. MAESIL: Masked Autoencoder for Enhanced Self-supervised Medical Image Learning

    Apr 1, 2026Kyeonghun Kim, Hyeonseok Jung, Youngung Han +14Self-Supervised Pre-TrainingMedical Image Representation Learning

    NVIDIA ATC, Taiwan

  14. Brain MR Image Synthesis with 3D Multi-Contrast Self-Attention GAN

    Mar 31, 2026Zaid A. Abod, Furqan AzizMedical Image Synthesis3D Medical Imaging

    School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.

  15. NeoNet: An End-to-End 3D MRI-Based Deep Learning Framework for Non-Invasive Prediction of Perineural Invasion via Generation-Driven Classification

    Mar 31, 2026Youngung Han, Minkyung Cha, Kyeonghun Kim +12Perineural Invasion PredictionClinical Prediction

    Seoul National University, South Korea · OUTTA, South Korea · Chung-Ang University, South Korea +5

  16. PhyDCM: A Reproducible Open-Source Framework for AI-Assisted Brain Tumor Classification from Multi-Sequence MRI

    Mar 25, 2026Hayder Saad Abdulbaqi, Mohammed Hadi Rahim, Mohammed Hassan Hadi +2Brain Tumor ClassificationMedical Image Classification

    Department of medical physics, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Address : Diwaniyah, Iraq

  17. Sketch2CT: Multimodal Diffusion for Structure-Aware 3D Medical Volume Generation

    Mar 23, 2026Delin An, Chaoli WangMedical Image Synthesis3D Medical Imaging

    University of Notre Dame

  18. PA-SFM: Tracker-free differentiable acoustic radiation for freehand 3D photoacoustic imaging

    Mar 23, 2026Shuang Li, Jian Gao, Chulhong Kim +10Photoacoustic Tomography3D Medical Imaging

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China. · School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China. · Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea. +1

  19. GaussianPile: A Unified Sparse Gaussian Splatting Framework for Slice-based Volumetric Reconstruction

    Mar 21, 2026Di Kong, Yikai Wang, Wenjie Guo +83D Reconstruction3D Gaussian Splatting

    Tsinghua University · Zhongguancun Academy · Beijing Normal University +3

  20. A Unified Platform and Quality Assurance Framework for 3D Ultrasound Reconstruction with Robotic, Optical, and Electromagnetic Tracking

    Mar 20, 2026Lewis Howell, Manisha Waterston, Tze Min Wah +23D ReconstructionMedical Imaging

    School of Computer Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT · School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT · St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF +1

  21. Translating MRI to PET through Conditional Diffusion Models with Enhanced Pathology Awareness

    Mar 19, 2026Yitong Li, Igor Yakushev, Dennis M. Hedderich +1Medical Image SynthesisImage-to-Image Translation

    Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, 81675, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany · Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Munich, 81675, Germany +1

  22. Unrolled Reconstruction with Integrated Super-Resolution for Accelerated 3D LGE MRI

    Mar 18, 2026Md Hasibul Husain Hisham, Shireen Elhabian, Ganesh Adluru +5Accelerated MRI ReconstructionCardiac MRI

    Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA · Radiology & Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA · Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

  23. Self-supervised Disentanglement of Disease Effects from Aging in 3D Medical Shapes

    Mar 16, 2026Jakaria Rabbi, Nilanjan Ray, Dana CobzasRepresentation DisentanglementDisentangled Representation Learning

    Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada · Department of Computer Science, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Canada

  24. Clinical Priors Guided Lung Disease Detection in 3D CT Scans

    Mar 16, 2026Kejin Lu, Jianfa Bai, Qingqiu Li +5Medical Image Classification3D Medical Imaging

    College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University · University of Oxford · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

  25. Halfway to 3D: Ensembling 2.5D and 3D Models for Robust COVID-19 CT Diagnosis

    Mar 16, 2026Tuan-Anh Yang, Bao V. Q. Bui, Chanh-Quang Vo-Van +1Medical Image Classification3D Medical Imaging

    VNUHCM University of Science, Vietnam National University, Vietnam · Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Vietnam · The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States

  26. Intrinsic Tolerance in C-Arm Imaging: How Extrinsic Re-optimization Preserves 3D Reconstruction Accuracy

    Mar 14, 2026Lin Li, Benjamin Aubert, Paul Kemper +13D Medical ImagingCamera Calibration

    AIX, Alphatec Spine, 1950 Camino Vida Roble, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA · EOS, EOS Imaging Inc., 7275 Rue Saint-Urbain Suite 400, Montreal, QC H2R 2Y5, Canada

  27. Brain Tumor Classification from 3D MRI Using Persistent Homology and Betti Features: A Topological Data Analysis Approach on BraTS2020

    Mar 14, 2026Faisal AhmedBrain Tumor ClassificationBrain MRI

    Department of Data Science and Mathematics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 3700 Willow Creek Rd, Prescott, 86301, Arizona, USA.

  28. Learning Generalizable 3D Medical Image Representations from Mask-Guided Self-Supervision

    Mar 14, 2026Yunhe Gao, Yabin Zhang, Chong Wang +5Medical Image Representation LearningSelf-Supervised Pre-Training

    Stanford University

  29. MedPruner: Training-Free Hierarchical Token Pruning for Efficient 3D Medical Image Understanding in Vision-Language Models

    Mar 12, 2026Shengyuan Liu, Zanting Ye, Yunrui Lin +6Efficient VLM Inference3D Medical Imaging

    Chinese University of Hong Kong · Westlake University · Southern Medical University +4

  30. OSCAR: Occupancy-based Shape Completion via Acoustic Neural Implicit Representations

    Mar 9, 2026Magdalena Wysocki, Kadir Burak Buldu, Miruna-Alexandra Gafencu +2Implicit Neural Representations3D Reconstruction

    Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures (CAMP) Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany · Konrad Zuse School of Excellence in Reliable AI (relAI), Germany