3D Medical Imaging

Ask about this topic

Overview

3D medical imaging studies how to extract anatomical and clinical information from scans while preserving relationships across slices. CNNs, transformers, and self-supervised foundation models support tasks such as segmentation, lesion detection, registration, and report generation, evaluated on settings including BraTS brain MRI and LIDC-IDRI lung CT. For reconstruction and image enhancement, methods combine measured scan data and physical models with diffusion or flow models, neural fields, and Gaussian splatting. A central tension is that full-volume models capture spatial context but demand substantial computation, while slice-based approaches are cheaper; generalization across scanners and reliable clinical evaluation remain open challenges.

Latest papers

CardsList

173 papers13 papers in the last four weeks, level with the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. CTBakeGS: training-free baking of photorealistic CT volume renderings into 3D Gaussian splats

    Oct 27, 2026Haruki Fukuda, Constantin Lux, Wolf Schweitzer +23D Gaussian Splatting3D Medical Imaging

    Department of Forensic Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan · Institute of Forensic Medicine, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland · Biometrics/Forensic Imaging, Zurich Forensic Science Institute, Zurich, Switzerland

  2. From Slices to Volumes: Comparing 2D, 2.5D, and 3D Residual Networks for Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy-Risk Classification

    Oct 25, 2026Bahodir Nazarov, Zineb Gharib, Fatima ZazoulMedical Image Classification3D Medical Imaging

    Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

  3. H-2DGS: Height-Field Gaussian Splatting for Sharp and Deformable Neurosurgical Surface Reconstruction

    Oct 22, 2026Zhang Zichuan, Bart Brouwers, Rembrandt Bakker +33D Reconstruction3D Gaussian Splatting

    Department of Computer Science & Mathematics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands · Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital Tilburg, The Netherlands

  4. MedBOE: Optimization-Based Estimation of Complete Patient Body Models from Whole-Body Medical Imaging

    Oct 20, 2026Hoijoon Jung, Yuhao Wei, Mingxiao Tu +33D Medical ImagingDeformable Shape Reconstruction

    School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia. · School of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13120, Republic of Korea. · Department of Molecular Imaging, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.

  5. 3D Diffusion Models for Medical Imaging

    Oct 19, 2026Frank-Peter Schilling, Daniel Barco, Philipp Denzel +13D Diffusion ModelsMedical Image Synthesis

    Centre for AI (CAI), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Technikumstrasse 9, Winterthur, 8400, Zurich, Switzerland

  6. VascuSR: Iterative Anatomy-Aware Diffusion for CT Super-Resolution

    Oct 14, 2026Hairong Ni, Jiahe Huang, Minghao Guo +2Medical Image Super-Resolution3D Medical Imaging

    University of Michigan · University of California, San Diego · MIT CSAIL

  7. Where Should the Gaussians Go? Reusable Label-Aware Allocation for Budget-Constrained Gaussian Splatting of Cinematic CT

    Oct 14, 2026Bowen Xiang, Dingjie Su, Jon S. Heiselman +13D Gaussian Splatting3DGS Acceleration

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA · Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

  8. Where to Look Matters: Rethinking Sub-Volume Sampling in 3D Medical Self-supervised Learning

    Oct 9, 2026Junkai Liu, Le ZhangMedical Image Representation LearningSelf-Supervised Pre-Training

    School of Engineering, University of Birmingham

  9. PhyDiCT: Plug-and-Play CT Reconstruction from Sparse X-Rays via Differentiable Rendering and Strong Priors

    Oct 7, 2026Weicheng Dai, Shantanu Ghosh, Kayhan BatmanghelichSparse-View CT Reconstruction3D Medical Imaging

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

  10. Knee3DVLM: Dual-Sequence Full-Volume Vision-Language Modeling for Comprehensive Knee MRI Assessment

    Oct 6, 2026Maryam Baizhigitova, Andrew Seohwan Yu, Po-Hao Chen +7Medical ImagingMedical Image Analysis

    Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA · Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA · Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA +1

  11. BrainTRACE: Tracing Longitudinal, Multimodal, and Volumetric Evidence in Brain MRI Clinical Reasoning

    Oct 5, 2026Qizhen Lan, Mengchen Fan, Hang Zhang +5VLM Evaluation3D Medical Imaging

    University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · University of Alabama at Birmingham · University of Pittsburgh +3

  12. FactorSplat: Appearance-Controllable Gaussian Proxies for Medical Volume Rendering

    Oct 1, 2026Zhongpai Gao, Benjamin Planche, Meng Zheng +33D Gaussian Splatting3D Medical Imaging

    United Imaging Intelligence, Boston MA, USA

  13. VoxelSage: Tool-Augmented 3D CT Analysis and Simulator-Shielded Sequential Resection Planning for Liver Tumors

    Sep 29, 2026Binghong Qian, Xuanhe Liu, Yifan Xing +33D Medical ImagingLLM Tool Use

    Zhejiang University

  14. From Pixel Generation to Topological Inference: Structural Dual Super-Resolution for Trustworthy Cross-Physical-Domain Trabecular Morphology Learning

    Sep 28, 2026Fan Zhang, Yi Zhang, Ling Wang3D Medical ImagingMedical Image Super-Resolution

    Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China · Department of Radiology Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing, China

  15. ReVision3D: Attribution-Guided Recursive Self-Improvement for 3D Medical Perception

    Sep 26, 2026Ho Hin Lee, Yuyin Zhou, Yannan Yu +2Medical Image Analysis3D Medical Imaging

    Vanderbilt University · University of California, Santa Cruz · University of California, San Francisco +2

  16. Latent Space Is Not Flat: Rethinking Latent Structure for 3D Medical Image Synthesis

    Sep 26, 2026Haowen Xue, Hao Chen, Hexuan Hu +6Latent Space GeometryMedical Image Synthesis

    Hohai University · University of Cambridge · National University of Defense Technology

  17. Improving Calibration of Black-Box Radiology AI Using Test-Time Augmentation

    Sep 24, 2026Nathan Le, Magdalini Paschali, Arogya Koirala +5Post-Hoc Calibration3D Medical Imaging

    Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria

  18. CTSpinoPelvic1K: spine, pelvis, ribs and femora in one coordinate frame, annotated for lumbosacral transitional anatomy

    Sep 19, 2026Gregory Schwing, Ashley Schehr, Annika Tekumulla +11Medical Image Benchmarks3D Medical Imaging

    Department of Surgery, Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA · School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA · Department of Radiology, Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA

  19. Uncertainty-driven training for three-dimensional calibrated lung nodule classification

    Sep 17, 2026Giuseppe Tripodi, Alessandro De Rosis, Saleh RezaeiraveshLung Nodule DetectionMedical Image Classification

    School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester (UK)

  20. Efficient 3D Whole-Body PET Image Denoising via Conditional Rectified Flow With Optimized Sampling Strategy

    Sep 15, 2026Jiale Shen, Guolin Wang, Chenhao Wang +3Rectified Flow3D Medical Imaging

    College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310063, China

  21. A Multimodal Explainable Deep Learning Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis using 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Data

    Sep 11, 2026Yusuf Brima, Marcellin Atemkeng, Lakshmana Rao Namamula +13D Medical ImagingMultimodal Classification

    Computer Vision, Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Germany. · Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, South Africa. · National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa. +2

  22. UBone3D: Physics-Rectified Conditional Flow Matching for Anatomical 3D Shape Completion from Ultrasound

    Sep 10, 2026Weiying Chen, Yuchong Gao, Siyuan Li +3Physics-Informed Generative ModelingPoint Cloud Completion

    University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

  23. Scale-Aware 3D Deep Learning for Robust Brain Metastasis Detection in Multimodal MRI

    Sep 9, 2026Sylvain Jaume, Hongming Wang, Simon K. Warfield3D Medical Imaging3D Medical Image Segmentation

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology · Harvard University · Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School

  24. Shape-guided Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View X-ray 3D Reconstruction

    Sep 9, 2026Pranav Poudel, Florence Dell'Aniello Picard, Nairouz Shehata +23D Gaussian Splatting3D Medical Imaging

    Polytechnique Montréal, Canada · Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Canada · CHUM - University of Montreal Hospital, Canada

  25. A Joint 2D-3D Statistical Shape Model for Orthopedic Reconstruction

    Sep 8, 2026Florence Dell'Aniello Picard, Pranav Poudel, Nairouz Shehata +23D Reconstruction3D Medical Imaging

    Polytechnique Montréal, Canada · Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Canada · CHUM - University of Montreal Hospital, Canada

  26. MedGSSR: Generalizable Medical Image Super-Resolution 3D Reconstruction via Hierarchical Feed-forward Gaussian Splatting

    Sep 6, 2026Chengkai Wang, Luoyu Hong, Yiting Zhao +7Medical Image Super-Resolution3D Medical Imaging

    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada · Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China · ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China +1

  27. RARF: Region-Aware Rectified Flows for 3D Brain MRI Inpainting

    Sep 3, 2026Tomas Guija-Valiente, Blanca Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Norberto Malpica +1Rectified Flow3D Medical Imaging

    Medical Image Analysis and Biometry Lab, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain

  28. Beyond Representation Learning: A Systematic Study of Joint-Embedding Predictive Generation for 3D Brain MRI

    Aug 28, 2026Meng Zhou, Wenhao You, Yuxing Chen +1Joint-Embedding Predictive ArchitectureMedical Image Synthesis

    University of Toronto · University of Waterloo · University of Alberta +1

  29. ZODIAC: Zero-shot Octree-based Diffusion for Anatomical Completion

    Aug 25, 2026Miruna-Alexandra Gafencu, Vlad Bratulescu, Yordanka Velikova +23D Shape Completion3D Medical Imaging

    Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures (CAMP) Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany · Konrad Zuse School of Excellence in Reliable AI (relAI), Germany

  30. Volumetric Radiology AI in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Models

    Aug 20, 2026Zanting Ye, Shengyuan Liu, Xin Liu +16Medical AI AgentsRadiology VLMs

    Southern Medical University · The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Fudan University +6