Agent Harness Optimization

Overview

Agent harness optimization studies how to improve the runtime systems around AI models—such as their instructions, tools, memory, context handling, verification, and task-control workflows—to make agents more effective and efficient. Common approaches use execution traces to diagnose failures and then apply iterative code or prompt edits, Bayesian or bandit search, evolutionary methods, reinforcement learning, or reusable modular components; some methods also optimize model weights alongside the harness. Work spans coding and terminal tasks such as SWE-bench and Terminal-Bench, interactive environments such as ALFWorld and WebShop, and embodied robotics. A central tension is that gains can depend on the model and task, or overfit to evaluation conditions, so matched-budget comparisons, held-out transfer tests, regression checks, and cost measurement are essential.

Latest papers

CardsList

185 papers65 papers in the last four weeks, up 103% on the four weeks before. 0.4% of all new papers.

  1. Automated Discovery Has No Universally Superior Harness

    Jul 20, 2026Akshat Gupta, Jermaine Lei, Alexander Lu +2Automated Algorithm DiscoveryAutomated Heuristic Design

  2. Co-Harness: Co-Evolving Harnesses and Model Weights for LLM Agents

    Jul 17, 2026Zhengyu Chen, Teng Xiao, Huaisheng Zhu +3Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Workflow Optimization

  3. Recursive Harness Self-Improvement

    Jul 17, 2026Hyunin Lee, Jinglue Xu, Jeffrey Seely +3Continual Learning for LLM AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  4. Rethinking the Evaluation of Harness Evolution for Agents

    Jul 14, 2026Yike Wang, Huaisheng Zhu, Zhengyu Hu +8LLM Agent EvaluationAgent Harness Optimization

  5. TTHE: Test-Time Harness Evolution

    Jul 9, 2026Jun Nie, Yonggang Zhang, Jun Song +5Test-Time AdaptationAgent Harness Optimization

  6. Harness-Aware Self-Evolving: Co-Evolving Model Weights, Harness, and Task Solutions

    Jul 4, 2026Haochen Luo, Yi Huang, Sichun Luo +5Agentic RLAgent Harness Optimization

  7. SkillOpt-Lite: Better and Faster Agent Self-evolution via One Line of Vibe

    Jul 3, 2026Yifei Shen, Bo Li, Xinjie ZhangAI Coding AgentsZeroth-Order Optimization

  8. The Interplay of Harness Design and Post-Training in LLM Agents

    Jun 24, 2026Kyungmin Kim, Youngbin Choi, Seoyeon Lee +3Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agents

  9. RHO: Your Coding Agent is Secretly a Roboticist

    Jun 15, 2026Karim Elmaaroufi, Justin Svegliato, Sarunas Kalade +3LLM Agent HarnessesRobotic Manipulation

  10. HarnessBridge: Learnable Bidirectional Controller for LLM Agent Harness

    Jun 11, 2026Xiaoxuan Wang, Haixin Wang, Alexander Taylor +3Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Training

  11. Self-Harness: Harnesses That Improve Themselves

    Jun 8, 2026Hangfan Zhang, Shao Zhang, Kangcong Li +5Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Self-Improvement

  12. Bayesian-Agent: Posterior-Guided Skill Evolution for LLM Agent Harnesses

    Jun 6, 2026Xiaojun Wu, Cehao Yang, Honghao Liu +7Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Workflow Optimization

  13. Evolving Agents in the Dark: Retrospective Harness Optimization via Self-Preference

    Jun 4, 2026Wenbo Pan, Shujie Liu, Chin-Yew Lin +5Software Engineering AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  14. EvoTrainer: Co-Evolving LLM Policies and Training Harnesses for Autonomous Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Jun 2, 2026Guhong Chen, Yingcheng Shi, Yongbin Li +6RL for Code GenerationAgentic RL

  15. HarnessForge: Joint Harness and Policy Evolution for Adaptive Agent Systems

    Jun 1, 2026Mingju Chen, Can Lv, Guibin Zhang +2Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Self-Improvement

  16. Adaptive Auto-Harness: Sustained Self-Improvement for Agentic System Deployment on Open-Ended Task Streams

    Jun 1, 2026Zewen Liu, Zhan Shi, Yisi Sang +7Continual Learning for LLM AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  17. Harness Updating Is Not Harness Benefit: Disentangling Evolution Capabilities in Self-Evolving LLM Agents

    May 28, 2026Minhua Lin, Juncheng Wu, Zijun Wang +14LLM Agent EvaluationAgent Harness Optimization

  18. Scaling Laws for Agent Harnesses via Effective Feedback Compute

    May 28, 2026Xuanliang Zhang, Dingzirui Wang, Keyan Xu +2Inference-Time ScalingAgent Harness Optimization

  19. SIA: Self Improving AI with Harness & Weight Updates

    May 26, 2026Prannay Hebbar, Yogendra Manawat, Samuel Verboomen +4Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Self-Improvement

  20. Towards Direct Evaluation of Harness Optimizers via Priority Ranking

    May 21, 2026Kai Tzu-iunn Ong, Minseok Kang, Dongwook Choi +11AI Agent EvaluationAgent Harness Optimization

  21. Harnesses for Inference-Time Alignment over Execution Trajectories

    May 15, 2026Boyuan Wang, Bochao Li, Minghan Wang +2LLM PlanningAgent Harness Optimization

  22. Continual Harness: Online Adaptation for Self-Improving Foundation Agents

    May 11, 2026Seth Karten, Joel Zhang, Tersoo Upaa +5Continual Learning for LLM AgentsGame-Playing Agents

  23. Agentic Harness Engineering: Observability-Driven Automatic Evolution of Coding-Agent Harnesses

    Apr 28, 2026Jiahang Lin, Shichun Liu, Chengjun Pan +8AI Coding AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  24. The Last Harness You'll Ever Build

    Apr 22, 2026Haebin Seong, Li Yin, Haoran Zhang +1Meta-LearningAgent Harness Optimization