Algorithmic Fairness

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Overview

The field asks whether automated systems treat people and groups fairly, using criteria such as demographic parity, equalized odds, individual similarity, and causal or counterfactual fairness. Researchers audit disparities in credit, hiring, healthcare, recommendation, and language or vision models, using benchmarks such as COMPAS, Adult, and MIMIC alongside subgroup and intersectional tests. Mitigation ranges from data reweighting and representation learning to constrained or robust optimization, causal interventions, and post-hoc thresholding; work also studies fairness in rankings, sequential allocation, federated learning, and LLM agents. A central challenge is that fairness criteria can conflict with one another and with utility, while estimates and interventions may be unstable under small samples, distribution shift, strategic behavior, or uncertain causal assumptions.

Latest papers

CardsList

424 papers28 papers in the last four weeks, down 20% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Demographic-Aware Self-Supervised Anomaly Detection Pretraining for Equitable Rare Cardiac Diagnosis

    Mar 20, 2026Chaoqin Huang, Zi Zeng, Aofan Jiang +6Electrocardiogram ClassificationAnomaly Detection

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China · National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China +2

  2. Spatial disparities in simulated patrol detection: a reproducible generative-model audit across Baltimore and Chicago

    Mar 19, 2026Pronob Kumar Barman, Pronoy Kumar BarmanAlgorithmic BiasAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Information Systems, Baltimore, MD, USA · Jagannath University, Department of Statistics, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  3. Balancing Performance and Fairness in Explainable AI for Anomaly Detection in Distributed Power Plants Monitoring

    Mar 19, 2026Corneille Niyonkuru, Marcellin Atemkeng, Gabin Maxime Nguegnang +1Semi-Supervised Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Detection

    African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Kigali, Rwanda. · Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa. · National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa. +2

  4. A Model Ensemble-Based Post-Processing Framework for Fairness-Aware Prediction

    Mar 19, 2026Zhouting Zhao, Tin Lok James NgAlgorithmic FairnessDebiased ML

    School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

  5. Ablation Study of a Fairness Auditing Agentic System for Bias Mitigation in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Detection

    Mar 17, 2026Amalia Ionescu, Jose Guadalupe Hernandez, Jui-Hsuan Chang +4Algorithmic FairnessAI Agent Auditing

    Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

  6. Probing Cultural Signals in Large Language Models through Author Profiling

    Mar 17, 2026Valentin Lafargue, Ariel Guerra-Adames, Emmanuelle Claeys +2Cultural Bias in Language ModelsAlgorithmic Fairness

    IMT, Toulouse, France · Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France · INRIA Bordeaux, France +4

  7. Towards Fair and Robust Volumetric CT Classification via KL-Regularised Group Distributionally Robust Optimisation

    Mar 16, 2026Samuel Johnny, Blessed Guda, Goodness Obasi +2Group Distributionally Robust OptimizationMedical Image Classification

    Carnegie Mellon University Africa, Kigali, Rwanda · Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA

  8. Evaluating Causal Discovery Algorithms for Path-Specific Fairness and Utility in Healthcare

    Mar 16, 2026Nitish Nagesh, Elahe Khatibi, Thomas Hughes +3Causal DiscoveryAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of California Irvine · University of Orl´eans, France

  9. FairMed-XGB: A Bayesian-Optimised Multi-Metric Framework with Explainability for Demographic Equity in Critical Healthcare Data

    Mar 16, 2026Mitul Goswami, Romit Chatterjee, Arif Ahmed SekhAlgorithmic Fairness

    School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, 751024, Bhubaneswar, India · Bio-AI Lab, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

  10. Anterior's Approach to Fairness Evaluation of Automated Prior Authorization System

    Mar 15, 2026Sai P. Selvaraj, Khadija Mahmoud, Anuj IravaneAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Anterior, Inc.

  11. MESD: A Risk-Sensitive Metric for Explanation Fairness Across Intersectional Subgroups

    Mar 13, 2026Gideon Popoola, John SheppardAlgorithmic FairnessIntersectional Fairness

    Gianforte School of Computing Montana State University Bozeman, MT, USA, 59715

  12. A Closed-Form Solution for Debiasing Vision-Language Models with Utility Guarantees Across Modalities and Tasks

    Mar 13, 2026Tangzheng Lian, Guanyu Hu, Yijing Ren +2Cultural Bias in VLMsAlgorithmic Fairness

    King’s College London · Queen Mary University of London

  13. Fair Lung Disease Diagnosis from Chest CT via Gender-Adversarial Attention Multiple Instance Learning

    Mar 13, 2026Aditya Parikh, Aasa FeragenMedical Image ClassificationAlgorithmic Fairness

    Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

  14. Fair Learning for Bias Mitigation and Quality Optimization in Paper Recommendation

    Mar 12, 2026Uttamasha Anjally Oyshi, Susan GauchFairness in Recommender SystemsAlgorithmic Fairness

    Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA

  15. Mitigating the Multiplicity Burden: The Role of Calibration in Reducing Predictive Multiplicity of Classifiers

    Mar 12, 2026Mustafa CavusPost-Hoc CalibrationAlgorithmic Fairness

    Eskisehir Technical University, Department of Statistics, 26555 Eskisehir, Turkiye

  16. Fair-Gate: Fairness-Aware Interpretable Risk Gating for Sex-Fair Voice Biometrics

    Mar 11, 2026Yangyang Qu, Massimiliano Todisco, Chiara Galdi +1Speaker VerificationAlgorithmic Fairness

    EURECOM Sophia Antipolis, France

  17. Procedural Fairness via Group Counterfactual Explanation

    Mar 11, 2026Gideon Popoola, John SheppardAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Gianforte School of Computing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA

  18. Does Reasoning Make Search More Fair? Comparing Fairness in Reasoning and Non-Reasoning Rerankers

    Mar 11, 2026Saron Samuel, Benjamin Van Durme, Eugene YangAlgorithmic FairnessLLM Reranking

    Johns Hopkins University · Human Language Technology Center of Excellence

  19. No evaluation without fair representation : Impact of label and selection bias on the evaluation, performance and mitigation of classification models

    Mar 10, 2026Magali Legast, Toon Calders, François FoussAlgorithmic FairnessDataset Bias

    Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium · Universiteit Antwerpen, Adrem Data Lab, Antwerpen, Belgium · Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Mons, Belgium

  20. Ethical Fairness in Ubiquitous Health Sensing without Known Attributes

    Mar 10, 2026Shaily Roy, Harshit Sharma, Daniel A. Adler +3Algorithmic FairnessWearable Sensing

    Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA · Information Science, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA · University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA +1

  21. Gender Fairness in Audio Deepfake Detection: Performance and Disparity Analysis

    Mar 9, 2026Aishwarya Fursule, Shruti Kshirsagar, Anderson R. AvilaAudio Deepfake DetectionAlgorithmic Fairness

    School of Computing, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA · Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS–EMT), Montreal, QC, Canada · INRS-UQO Mixed Research Unit on Cybersecurity, Gatineau, Canada

  22. Masking Causality and Conditional Dependence

    Mar 7, 2026Zou Yang, Sophia Xiao, Bijan MazaheriCausal InferenceAlgorithmic Fairness

    Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, 03755

  23. Fairness May Backfire: When Leveling-Down Occurs in Fair Machine Learning

    Mar 6, 2026Yi Yang, Xiangyu Chang, Pei-yu ChenAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Department of Information Systems, Arizona State University · Department of Information Systems and Intelligent Business, Xi’an Jiaotong University

  24. Calibrated Credit Intelligence: Shift-Robust and Fair Risk Scoring with Bayesian Uncertainty and Gradient Boosting

    Mar 6, 2026Srikumar NayakCredit ScoringDistribution Shift Robustness

    Incedo Inc, USA

  25. Mitigating Bias in Concept Bottleneck Models for Fair and Interpretable Image Classification

    Mar 6, 2026Schrasing Tong, Antoine Salaun, Vincent Yuan +2Adversarial DebiasingConcept Bottleneck Models

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States

  26. FairFinGAN: Fairness-aware Synthetic Financial Data Generation

    Mar 5, 2026Tai Le Quy, Dung Nguyen Tuan, Trung Nguyen Thanh +3Synthetic Data GenerationSynthetic Tabular Data Generation

    University of Koblenz, Germany · Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam · Banking Academy of Vietnam, Vietnam +1

  27. Learning Optimal Individualized Decision Rules with Conditional Demographic Parity

    Mar 5, 2026Wenhai Cui, Wen Su, Donglin Zeng +1Algorithmic FairnessPolicy Learning

    Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Department of Biostatistics, City University of Hong Kong · Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan

  28. Differential Privacy in Two-Layer Networks: How DP-SGD Harms Fairness and Robustness

    Mar 5, 2026Ruichen Xu, Kexin ChenDifferentially Private Stochastic Gradient DescentAlgorithmic Fairness

  29. Generalizing Fair Top-kk Selection: An Integrative Approach

    Mar 5, 2026Guangya CaiAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA

  30. k-hop Fairness: Addressing Disparities in Graph Link Prediction Beyond First-Order Neighborhoods

    Mar 4, 2026Lilian Marey, Tiphaine Viard, Charlotte LaclauLink PredictionAlgorithmic Fairness

    LTCI, T´el´ecom Paris - Deezer Research · i3, T´el´ecom Paris · LTCI, T´el´ecom Paris