Credit Scoring

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Overview

Credit scoring estimates the likelihood that people or firms will repay loans, guiding approvals, pricing, limits, and monitoring. Work ranges from logistic regression and boosted trees to neural and graph models, with newer approaches using transaction histories, alternative data, tabular foundation models, and federated learning. Researchers evaluate these systems on datasets such as LendingClub, Home Credit, mortgage records, and small-business portfolios, measuring default ranking alongside calibration, recall, robustness to shifts, interpretability, and group fairness. Predictive gains do not guarantee fair or useful decisions: proxy variables, selective labels, changing economic conditions, and explanation quality remain difficult, while privacy and governance constrain which data and adaptations can be used.

Latest papers 39

9 papers in the last four weeks, up 13% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. When Do External Priors Help Low-Resource Structured Prediction? A Ranking-Level Alignment Study

    Oct 8, 2026Qiye Lu, Jiang Ji, Liang ZhangCredit Scoring

    Ant International China

  2. The Harness as the Only Mutable Surface: Compliance-Bounded Self-Evolution of LLM Agents in Credit Pipelines, with a Measured Admission Gate

    Oct 7, 2026Ravil AkhtyamovLLM Agent Self-ImprovementAI Agent Governance

    Digital Economy Lab

  3. Learned Monotone Recurrent Features in Governed Credit Scoring: The Price of the Frame and the Necessity of Macro Conditioning

    Oct 6, 2026Yew Lee TanCredit ScoringRecurrent Neural Networks

    This work was conducted in a personal capacity; the views expressed are the author’s own.

  4. PaMIR: Open Benchmark of Public Credit-Default Datasets

    Oct 2, 2026Mikhail Liashkov, Ilyas Varshavskiy, Shuhratjon Khalilbekov +2Credit ScoringTabular Prediction

  5. CredWise: A Controlled Agentic Decision-Intelligence Framework for Explainable and Auditable Credit-Risk Assessment

    Sep 29, 2026Aakash Kumar TiwariAI-Assisted Decision MakingCredit Scoring

    Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India

  6. FedIncome: Federated Learning for Income Estimation in Digital Lending Under Data Sovereignty Constraints

    Sep 23, 2026Sultan Amed, Tanmay Sen, Sayantan BanerjeeCredit ScoringFinance

    OM & QT Area, Indian Institute of Management Indore, M.P. 453556, India. · SQC & OR Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, W.B. 700108, India

  7. DefaultGNN: A Dual-Perspective GNN Framework for Predicting Corporate Default from Buyer-Seller Transaction Networks

    Sep 22, 2026Junghoon Kim, Hyunsung Kim, Seungyoon Choi +4Graph Neural NetworksGraph Representation Learning

    KAIST Daejeon, Republic of Korea · Techfin Ratings Seoul, Republic of Korea · Douzone Seoul, Republic of Korea

  8. A Decision-Support Audit Protocol for Supervision Drift in Proxy-Labeled Credit-Risk Prediction

    Sep 14, 2026Mehrdad Shoeibi, Muhammad Shabanpour, Waldemar Karwowski +1AI Risk ManagementAlgorithmic Auditing

    Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA · Department of Economics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

  9. Design of a Deep Learning Credit Risk Early Warning System Integrating Multi-source Heterogeneous Data

    Sep 14, 2026LiYang Wang, Zhen Zhong, Zhen Tian +2AI Risk ManagementCredit Scoring

    Washington University in St. Louis · Georgetown University · University of Glasgow +1

  10. Quantum Feature Engineering for Credit Default Prediction: When and Why IQP Circuits Help Linear Classifiers

    Sep 9, 2026Menachem Finkelstein, Diana Legziel Levy, Zohar Yakhini +1Quantum Feature MapsQuantum Machine Learning

    Reichman University, Israel

  11. Adversarial Training for Tabular Credit Scoring: A Multi-Attack Robustness Evaluation in P2P Lending

    Sep 9, 2026Gijs A. F. Niewzwaag, Marijn G. S. Veth, Manuele Massei +1Adversarial TrainingAdversarial Attacks

    University of Twente, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Department of High-Tech Business and Entrepreneurship, AE Enschede, 7500, Netherlands

  12. When Does a Classifier Help an LLM? Classifier-Guided Prompting and Hybrid Classifier-LLM Models for Credit-Default Prediction

    Aug 30, 2026Rishi Datta, Lavanya PrahalladLLM PromptingCredit Scoring

    Amador Valley High School · Pleasanton, California, USA · Research Spark Hub Inc. +1

  13. Oculi: A Conversational Agentic Platform for Automated Credit Risk Analysis

    Aug 28, 2026Vennise Ho, Kristian Diana, Sandy Mourad +3Data Analysis AgentsCredit Scoring

    Royal Bank of Canada · RBC Borealis

  14. findr\texttt{findr}: Transparent and Fair Credit Risk Decisions through Semi-Structured Regressions

    Aug 25, 2026Victor Medina-Olivares, Stefan Lessmann, Jonathan CrookInterpretable MLCredit Scoring

    University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK · Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

  15. FraudBench: Protocol-Sensitive Benchmarking of Adversarial Robustness for Financial Risk Assessment

    Aug 25, 2026Xitong Zeng, Zhaoge Bi, Yitian Yang +2Adversarial RobustnessAdversarial Attacks

    School of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney, Australia · School of Computing Macquarie University Sydney, Australia

  16. Communicating Credit Risk with Large Language Models: Evaluation of Explanations from Standard and Alternative Data-Based Models

    Aug 18, 2026Sahab Zandi, Noah Kostesku, Christophe Mues +2Explainable Artificial IntelligenceFaithfulness of Language Model Explanations

    Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Canada · Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Canada · University of Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom +3

  17. zLend: A Dual-Scope Cash-Flow Reconstruction Framework for On-Chain Credit Underwriting

    Aug 17, 2026Girish G N, Ashutosh Sahoo, Akshay SP +2Decentralized FinanceCredit Scoring

    Zeru AI

  18. Beyond Aggregate Calibration: Decomposing Income-Conditional Recall Disparities in Automated Credit Default Prediction

    Aug 8, 2026Sai Srikar BoddupalliAlgorithmic AuditingAlgorithmic Fairness

    Independent Researcher

  19. Accurate Ensembles, Fragile Narratives: Multi-Scale Stacking and a Fidelity Audit of LLM-Generated Explanations for Credit Risk

    Aug 8, 2026Gregorius Reynaldi Pratama, Kuo-Kun TsengFeature AttributionFaithfulness of Language Model Explanations

    School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen Shenzhen, China

  20. Empowering Credit Risk Detection in Weixin Pay with Billion-Scale Deep Graph Learning

    Aug 3, 2026Xin Liu, Xiyuan Chen, Chenglong Wu +3AI Risk ManagementFinancial Fraud Detection

    Tongji University Shanghai, China · Tencent Inc. Shenzhen, China

  21. The Illusion of Improvement: Reject Inference Strategies in Credit Scoring

    Jun 16, 2026Bruno Scarone, Ricardo Baeza-YatesCredit ScoringSelection Bias

    Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA · KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

  22. When Do Data-Driven Systems Exhibit the Capability to Infer?

    Jun 10, 2026Maximilian Poretschkin, Tabea NaevenAI GovernanceCredit Scoring

    Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems (IAIS) University of Bonn Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Sankt Augustin, Bonn, Germany · Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems (IAIS) Sankt Augustin, Germany

  23. Post-Quantum Secure Federated DeFi for Inclusive Banking

    Jun 9, 2026Swati Sachan, Dale Fickett, Richard Buchinger +1Financial ServicesDecentralized Finance

    AI FinTech Group, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK · University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA · Chain Crunch Labs based in Finsbury, London, UK +1

  24. Privacy-Preserving Credit Risk Prediction with Alternative Data

    Jun 9, 2026Hongzhe Zhang, Jiarong Xu, Jing He +1AI Risk ManagementPrivacy-Preserving ML

    School of Management and Economics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), China · School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Lerner College of Business and Economics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware

  25. TRUST-SCF: Transformer-based Risk Understanding and Scoring for Transactional Supply Chain Finance

    Jun 6, 2026Mohammadamin Davoodabadi, Amirabbas ShakeriFinancial ServicesAI Risk Management

    Department of Growth Barook Co.

  26. Evolutionary Rule Extraction from Corporate Default Prediction Models

    May 28, 2026Desirè Fabbretti, Matteo Pasquino, Elia Pacioni +2Interpretable MLCredit Scoring

    Department of Management, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy · HES-SO Valais-Wallis, 3960 Sierre, Switzerland · University of Extremadura, 06800 Mérida, Spain

  27. Data Presentation Over Architecture: Resampling Strategies for Credit Risk Prediction with Tabular Foundation Models

    May 18, 2026Aditya Tanna, Mitul Solanki, Mohamed Bouadi +3Class-Imbalanced LearningTabular Foundation Models

    Lexsi Labs

  28. Foundation Models for Credit Risk Prediction: A Game Changer?

    May 18, 2026Bart Baesens, Andreas Goethals, Stefan Lessmann +10Tabular Foundation ModelsAI Risk Management

    Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, Belgium · School of Business and Economics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany · Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, Canada +8

  29. Do Fair Models Reason Fairly? Counterfactual Explanation Consistency for Procedural Fairness in Credit Decisions

    May 12, 2026Gideon Popoola, John SheppardFeature AttributionCounterfactual Explanations

    Gianforte School of Computing Montana State University Bozeman, MT, USA, 59715

  30. Analog Optical Inference on Million-Record Mortgage Data

    Apr 14, 2026Sofia Berloff, Pavel Koptev, Konstantin MalkovPhotonic ComputingEfficient Neural Network Inference

    Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, UK · ai1Technologies, 27 Beach Rd Suite 5A Monmouth Beach, NJ 07750, USA