Camouflaged Object Detection

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Concentration, Not Uncertainty: Why Targeted Synthetic Data Doesn't Help Camouflaged Object Detection
Oct 7, 2026Akshat Dobhal, Sanjay SinghSynthetic Data Selection Synthetic Data Generation
Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Consensus-Aware Multi-Source Fusion for Reference-Guided Camouflaged Object Detection
Sep 30, 2026Junyang Xia, Luocheng Zhang, Wenwen Pan +4Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Camouflaged Object Detection
School of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
UnfoldCRF: Structured Mask Refinement with Image-Conditioned Latent Regions
Sep 27, 2026Chunming He, Rihan Zhang, Lei Xu +5Image Segmentation Conditional Random Fields
Duke University · EPFL · National University of Singapore +2
ViCo-SAM3: Vision-Conditioned Alignment for Open-Vocabulary Camouflaged Object Segmentation
Sep 14, 2026Qiangqiang Zhou, Wenjun Tang, Yong Chen +2Text-Guided Image Segmentation Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation
School of Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi Normal University · Institute of AI Education, East China Normal University
LGFN: Lightweight Gated RGB-Polarization Fusion with Modality-Availability Conditioning for Camouflaged Object Detection
Sep 11, 2026Zhuangfan Huang, Xiaosong Li, Yang Liu +2Missing-Modality Learning Efficient Multimodal Inference
Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China. · School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
Domain shift-robust object detection with GenAI image editing
Sep 2, 2026Isabel D. Stein, Thijs A. Eker, Sebastiaan P. Snel +4Object Detection Domain Generalization
TNO - Defence, Security and Safety, the Hague, the Netherlands · Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Seeing the Unseen: Camouflaged Object Detection Beyond the Visible Spectrum
Aug 31, 2026Avi Gupta, Trasha GuptaMultispectral Object Detection Camouflaged Object Detection
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi · Delhi Technological University, Delhi
CF-YOLO: Context-Aware Feature Refinement for Camouflaged Industrial Micro-Defect Detection
Aug 28, 2026Xinda Yu, Kunxin Zheng, Chunan Yu +4Industrial Anomaly Detection Real-Time Object Detection
School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China. · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210000, China.
Is There Really a Camouflaged Object? Towards Realistic Camouflaged Object Detection
Aug 11, 2026Huafeng Chen, Yueming Lyu, Chenyang Si +3Object Detection Camouflaged Object Detection
School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University · Department of Computing, Imperial College London
LAD-COD: Language-Aligned Dense Perception for Camouflaged Object Detection
Aug 8, 2026Shangye Song, Tianzhi Zhu, Syed Ariff Syed Hesham +2Text-Guided Image Segmentation Vision-Language Alignment
School of Computer Science, The University of Auckland · VCIP, College of Computer Science, Nankai University · School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore +4
VCP-DCN: Beyond Visual Concealed Property via Depth Collaborative Network for Camouflaged Object Detection
Jul 30, 2026Songsong Duan, Xi Yang, Nannan WangCross-Modal Alignment Multimodal Fusion
the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
GFR-SAM: Training-Free Referring Camouflaged Object Segmentation via Cross-Image Prompting
Jul 13, 2026Yilong Yang, Jianxin Tian, Shengchuan Zhang +1Image Segmentation Promptable Image Segmentation
Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University
CamoNAS: Neural Architecture Search for Enhanced Camouflaged Object Detection
Jul 2, 2026Dawei Ren, Yan Zhang, Hongying Tang +2Neural Architecture Search Camouflaged Object Detection
Science and Technology on Micro-system Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China. · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, Beijing, China. · School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China.
HVPNet: A Bio-Inspired Network for General Salient and Camouflaged Object Detection
Jun 30, 2026Jiawei Xu, Qiangqiang Zhou, Zhouping Li +3Efficient Multimodal Inference Salient Object Detection
aSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Jiangxi Normal University, Street, Nanchang, 330000, State, China · bFaculty of Business Information, Shanghai Business School, Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200235, China · cSchool of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Street, Shanghai, 201418, China
CFCamo: A Counterfactual Detect-or-Abstain Framework for Camouflaged Object Detection
May 28, 2026Suhang Li, Osamu Yoshie, Yuya IeiriSelective Prediction Object Hallucination in VLMs
The authors are with the Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Hierarchical Consistency Learning for Test-time Adaptation in Camouflage Perception
May 25, 2026Mingfeng Zha, Tianyu Li, Guoqing Wang +5Test-Time Adaptation Consistency Regularization
Center for Future Media and School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China · School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China · Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518066, China
Weakly Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection Based on the SAM Model and Mask Guidance
May 25, 2026Xia Li, Xinran Liu, Lin Qi +1Weakly Supervised Image Segmentation Weakly Supervised Learning
School of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
BED-SAM2: Boundary-Enhanced-Depth SAM2 via Monocular Geometric Priors
May 24, 2026Tyler Rust, Dara McNally, Kyle O'Donnell +2Image Segmentation Salient Object Detection
University of Delaware · University of South Florida · DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory
COD10K-C: Benchmarking Robustness of Camouflaged Object Detection Under Natural Image Corruptions
May 23, 2026Arafat Hossain SayemImage Segmentation Image Corruption Robustness
SeamCam: Quantifying Seamless Camouflage via Multi-Cue Visual Detectability
May 15, 2026Amin Karimi Monsefi, Abolfazl Meyarian, Mridul Khurana +6Camouflaged Object Detection
The Ohio State University · Path Robotics, USA · Virginia Tech +2
RIDE: Retinex-Informed Decoupling for Exposing Concealed Objects
May 14, 2026Chunming He, Rihan Zhang, Dingming Zhang +5Image Segmentation Camouflaged Object Detection
Duke University · Tsinghua University · Harvard University
Global-Local Feature Decoding with Adapter-Guided SAMv2 for Salient Object Detection
May 4, 2026Morteza Moradi, Mohammad Moradi, Simone Palazzo +2Salient Object Detection Vision Foundation Model Adaptation
University of Catania, Catania, Italy · Quintic AI, San Francisco, CA, USA
Exploring Boundary-Aware Spatial-Frequency Fusion for Camouflaged Object Detection
Apr 20, 2026Song Yu, Yang Hu, Haokang Ding +2Frequency-Domain Feature Learning Object Detection
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
When W4A4 Breaks Camouflaged Object Detection: Token-Group Dual-Constraint Activation Quantization
Apr 18, 2026Tianqi Li, Wenyu Fang, Xin He +34-Bit Quantization Activation Quantization
VCIP, College of Computer Science, Nankai University · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology · Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR +2
CATP: Confidence-Aware Token Pruning for Camouflaged Object Detection
Apr 18, 2026Yuhan Gao, Shuhao Kang, Xin He +3Token Pruning Efficient ViTs
VCIP, College of Computer Science, Nankai University · Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nankai University · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology +2
SWNet: A Cross-Spectral Network for Camouflaged Weed Detection
Apr 17, 2026Henry O. Velesaca, Luigi Miranda, Angel D. SappaAgricultural Image Analysis Weed Detection
ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo, 090902, Guayaquil, Ecuador · Software Engineering Department, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain · Computer Vision Center, Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Camo-M3FD: A New Benchmark Dataset for Cross-Spectral Camouflaged Pedestrian Detection
Apr 17, 2026Henry O. Velesaca, Andrea Mero, Guillermo A. Castillo +1Multispectral Object Detection Camouflaged Object Detection
ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo, 090902, Guayaquil, Ecuador · Software Engineering Department, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain · Universit`a della Svizzera Italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland +1
Modality-Agnostic Prompt Learning for Multi-Modal Camouflaged Object Detection
Apr 14, 2026Hao Wang, Jiqing Zhang, Xin Yang +4Camouflaged Object Detection Multimodal Learning
Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Liaoning, 116026, China · Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, 116024, China · Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
EviRCOD: Evidence-Guided Probabilistic Decoding for Referring Camouflaged Object Detection
Apr 13, 2026Ye Wang, Kai Huang, Sumin Shen +1Camouflaged Object Detection Referring Image Segmentation
West China Hospital, Sichuan University · Independent Researcher · Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Auckland University of Technology
YUV20K: A Complexity-Driven Benchmark and Trajectory-Aware Alignment Model for Video Camouflaged Object Detection
Apr 11, 2026Yiyu Liu, Shuo Ye, Chao Hao +1Camouflaged Object Detection
Yiyu Liu, Shuo Ye, Chao Hao and Zitong Yu are with the Department of Computer Science, Great Bay University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China

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Concentration, Not Uncertainty: Why Targeted Synthetic Data Doesn't Help Camouflaged Object Detection

Akshat Dobhal, Sanjay Singh

Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

Synthetic Data Selection Synthetic Data Generation Camouflaged Object Detection

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Camouflaged object detection requires pixel-accurate masks, but obtaining such annotations is slow and costly, making synthetic training images an attractive alternative. Under a fixed generation budget, however, it remains unclear which real-image regions to target for synthetic data generation. We study an uncertainty-guided generation strategy that clusters the unlabelled real images, identifies clusters on which the model is least certain, allocates synthetic generation toward those clusters, and iteratively retrains the model. Across 103 training runs, uncertainty-based targeting does not outperform random allocation. Five independent controls further show that this null result is not an artifact: targeted training sets are measurably different from random sets, but the difference is explained by concentrating the generation budget rather than by where uncertainty is concentrated, as every concentration rule we test reproduces the effect and, on boundary accuracy, so does aiming at the clusters the model was most certain about. Separately, we find substantial data contamination in CHAMELEON, with 50 of its 76 images duplicated from training data despite the standard overlap check reporting zero overlap. Together, these results show that, under a fixed synthetic-data budget, budget concentration, not uncertainty-based targeting, accounts for the observed training-set effects.