Clinical NLP

NLP: Natural Language Processing

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Overview

Clinical NLP studies how to process medical records, radiology reports, research articles, and patient-clinician conversations for tasks such as entity recognition, coding, screening, and summarization. Common approaches include domain-adapted BERT encoders, fine-tuned or prompted large language models, retrieval and knowledge-graph methods, and rule-based or hybrid systems. Work increasingly covers multilingual data, synthetic corpora, privacy-preserving processing, and human-AI workflows, with evaluation spanning clinical benchmarks and real-world settings. A central tension is that strong scores on one dataset or language may not transfer across hospitals or patient groups, while fluent or accurate-looking outputs still require checks for factuality, fairness, and clinical safety.

Latest papers

CardsList

142 papers8 papers in the last four weeks, down 53% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Budget-Aware Routing for Long Clinical Text

    May 1, 2026Khizar Qureshi, Geoffrey Martin, Yifan PengSubmodular OptimizationLong-Context Language Model Inference

    MIT, Cambridge, MA · Cornell University, Ithaca, NY · Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY

  2. Finding Hidden Relationships Between Medical Concepts by Leveraging Metamap and Text Mining Techniques

    Apr 30, 2026Weikang Yang, S M Mazharul Hoque Chowdhury, Wei JinRelation ExtractionHealthcare

    Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, USA

  3. Multi-Level Narrative Evaluation Outperforms Lexical Features for Mental Health

    Apr 30, 2026Yuxi Ma, Jieming Cui, Muyang Li +6Document UnderstandingDepression Detection

    Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University · School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University · School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University +3

  4. Language corpora for the Dutch medical domain

    Apr 28, 2026B. van EsHealthcareLow-Resource Language Processing

    Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. · R&D, B-lab, Castricum, The Netherlands.

  5. Learning Evidence of Depression Symptoms via Prompt Induction

    Apr 27, 2026Eliseo Bao, Anxo Perez, David Otero +1Depression DetectionMental Health

    IRLab, CITIC, Universidade da Coruña A Coruña, Spain

  6. Implicit Framing in Obstetric Counseling Notes: A Grounded LLM Pipeline on a VBAC-Eligible Cohort

    Apr 24, 2026Baris Karacan, Barbara Di Eugenio, Patrick Thornton +2HealthcareClinical NLP

    University of Illinois Chicago · Chicago, IL, USA

  7. Ensembles of Large Language Models for Identifying EQ-5D Studies in PubMed Based on Their Abstracts

    Apr 24, 2026Zhyar Rzgar K. Rostam, Márta Péntek, János Tibor Czere +3Evidence SelectionLanguage Model Ensembles

    Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary · John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary · HECON Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary +3

  8. Lightweight Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Model-Based Modeling for Scalable Patient-Trial Matching

    Apr 23, 2026Xiaodi Li, Yang Xiao, Munhwan Lee +7Retrieval-Augmented GenerationClinical NLP

    Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA · Computer Science Department, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA · Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA +4

  9. Differentially Private De-identification of Dutch Clinical Notes: A Comparative Evaluation

    Apr 23, 2026Michele Miranda, Xinlan Yan, Nishant Mishra +4HealthcareDifferential Privacy

    Sapienza University of Rome · Amsterdam UMC · University of Amsterdam +1

  10. Continued Pretraining of FinBERT on Finnish Histopathological Reports: Train-Time Signals and Proxy Downstream Correlations

    Apr 16, 2026Rami Luisto, Liisa Petäinen, Tommi Grönholm +5HealthcareDomain-Adaptive Pretraining

    Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. · Digital Workforce Services, Helsinki, Finland. · Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. +2

  11. Retrieve, Then Classify: Corpus-Grounded Automation of Clinical Value Set Authoring

    Apr 16, 2026Sumit Mukherjee, Juan Shu, Nairwita Mazumder +4HealthcareRetrieval-Augmented Classification

    Oracle Health Data Intelligence

  12. When PCOS Meets Eating Disorders: An Explainable AI Approach to Detecting the Hidden Triple Burden

    Apr 15, 2026Apoorv Prasad, Susan McRoyClinical NLP

    Computer Science, College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA

  13. L2D-Clinical: Learning to Defer for Adaptive Model Selection in Clinical Text Classification

    Apr 14, 2026Rishik Kondadadi, John E. OrtegaLearning to DeferText Classification

    University of Minnesota, Northeastern University, Minneapolis, Boston, USA

  14. Examine Clinicians' Modification of Hedging Language in Ambient AI Documentation: A Comparative Study of AI Drafts and Final Notes

    Apr 14, 2026Yiliang Zhou, Yawen Guo, Di Hu +6Human Oversight of AIClinical NLP

    Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA · Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA · Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA +1

  15. Detecting HIV-Related Stigma in Clinical Narratives Using Large Language Models

    Apr 9, 2026Ziyi Chen, Yasir Khan, Mengyuan Zhang +7Clinical NLPMedical LLMs

    Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA · Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA · Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

  16. A Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning Approach through Multitask Prompt Distillation and Decomposition for Clinical NLP

    Apr 8, 2026Cheng Peng, Mengxian Lyu, Ziyi Chen +1Parameter-Efficient Fine-TuningTransfer Learning

    Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA · Cancer Informatics Shared Resource, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA

  17. Team Fusion@ SU@ BC8 SympTEMIST track: transformer-based approach for symptom recognition and linking

    Apr 7, 2026Georgi Grazhdanski, Sylvia Vassileva, Ivan Koychev +1Named Entity RecognitionBiomedical Entity Linking

    FMI, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski · Ontotext

  18. FMI@SU ToxHabits: Evaluating LLMs Performance on Toxic Habit Extraction in Spanish Clinical Texts

    Apr 7, 2026Sylvia Vassileva, Ivan Koychev, Svetla BoytchevaClinical Information ExtractionNamed Entity Recognition

    Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria · Graphwise, Sofia, Bulgaria

  19. MedLayBench-V: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Expert-Lay Semantic Alignment in Medical Vision Language Models

    Apr 7, 2026Han Jang, Junhyeok Lee, Heeseong Eum +1HealthcareMedical VLMs

    Seoul National University · Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital · The Advanced Imaging and Computational Neuroimaging (AICON) Laboratory +2

  20. A Semi-Automated Annotation Workflow for Paediatric Histopathology Reports Using Small Language Models

    Apr 5, 2026Avish Vijayaraghavan, Jaskaran Singh Kawatra, Sebin Sabu +11Clinical Information ExtractionClinical NLP

    Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK. · Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK. · Data Science Team, NHS England, Leeds & London, UK. +2

  21. BioUNER: A Benchmark Dataset for Clinical Urdu Named Entity Recognition

    Apr 3, 2026Wazir Ali, Adeeb Noor, Sanaullah Mahar +2Named Entity RecognitionClinical NLP

    Department of Data Science, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Sciences & Technology, Pakistan · Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia · Department of Artificial Intelligence, Aror University, Sukkur, Pakistan

  22. From Baselines to Preferences: A Comparative Study of LoRA/QLoRA and Preference Optimization for Mental Health Text Classification

    Apr 1, 2026Mihael ArcanPreference OptimizationSupervised Fine-Tuning

    Home Lab, Galway, Ireland

  23. EpiScreen: Early Epilepsy Detection from Electronic Health Records with Large Language Models

    Mar 30, 2026Shuang Zhou, Kai Yu, Zaifu Zhan +5Clinical PredictionClinical NLP

    Division of Computational Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA · College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA · Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

  24. Clinical named entity recognition in the Portuguese language: a benchmark of modern BERT models and LLMs

    Mar 27, 2026Vinicius Anjos de Almeida, Sandro Saorin da Silva, Josimar Chire +8Named Entity RecognitionClinical NLP

    Spesia, Curitiba - PR, Brazil · Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil · Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba - PR, Brazil +2

  25. GS-BrainText: A Multi-Site Brain Imaging Report Dataset from Generation Scotland for Clinical Natural Language Processing Development and Validation

    Mar 27, 2026Beatrice Alex, Claire Grover, Arlene Casey +3Clinical NLPClinical Information Extraction

    Advanced Care Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK · School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures, University of Edinburgh, UK · Edinburgh Futures Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK +6

  26. Analysing Lightweight Large Language Models for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition on Diverse Ouput Formats

    Mar 27, 2026Pierre Epron, Adrien Coulet, Mehwish AlamNamed Entity RecognitionLLM Information Extraction

    HeKA | U1346, DIG · Inria, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, HeKA, UMR 1346, Paris, France · Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France +2

  27. When Consistency Becomes Bias: Interviewer Effects in Semi-Structured Clinical Interviews

    Mar 25, 2026Hasindri Watawana, Sergio Burdisso, Diego A. Moreno-Galván +4Depression DetectionInterpretable ML

    Idiap Research Institute, Switzerland · EPFL, Switzerland · Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas (CIMAT), Mexico +1

  28. Automated Detection of Dosing Errors in Clinical Trial Narratives: A Multi-Modal Feature Engineering Approach with LightGBM

    Mar 25, 2026Mohammad AL-SmadiClinical NLPAutomated Feature Engineering

    Qatar University Doha, Qatar

  29. Generating High Quality Synthetic Data for Dutch Medical Conversations

    Mar 25, 2026Cecilia Kuan, Aditya Kamlesh Parikh, Henk van den HeuvelSynthetic Data Generation for Language ModelsText Generation

    Center for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands

  30. PLACID: Privacy-preserving Large language models for Acronym Clinical Inference and Disambiguation

    Mar 24, 2026Manjushree B. Aithal, Ph. D., Alexander Kotz +2Clinical NLPPrivacy-Preserving Language Models

    Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO