Code Translation

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Code translation converts programs between programming languages, frameworks, and representations while aiming to preserve behavior and sometimes improve safety or performance. Methods range from paired-data fine-tuning and intermediate representations to agent workflows that use static analysis, compilers, tests, and execution feedback to repair translations. Benchmarks increasingly test functional equivalence across popular and low-resource languages, framework migration, and repository-scale tasks, measuring runtime and resource use alongside pass rates. A central challenge is that syntactic similarity and limited tests do not guarantee semantic correctness, while stronger verification and whole-project context can raise costs and still miss edge cases.

Latest papers

42 papers5 papers in the last four weeks, up 25% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

CodeMeepo: A Multi-Agent Workflow for Repository-Level Code Migration and Optimization
Oct 25, 2026Farzad Habibi, Changrong Wu, Jinzhou Jiang +1Code Translation Multi-Agent Coding
University of California, Irvine · Microsoft · OpenAI
Hallucinations of Large Language Models in Cross-Language Code Translation: Phenomena and Mitigation
Oct 20, 2026Yali Du, Yunji Zhang, Ming LiCode Translation Hallucination in Language Models
National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, and the School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China
Backend-Frontend Converter: Component-Based Conversion of .NET Computational Models to TypeScript
Oct 17, 2026Petr Ivankov, Max ShestovCode Translation Code Generation
Independent researcher · Georgia Institute of Technology
Where Does the Performance Go? Understanding and Recovering Performance Regressions in C-to-Rust Translation
Oct 16, 2026Zhiqiang Yuan, Chong Wang, Zhenhao Zhou +2Code Translation Code Optimization
Department of Computer Science, Fudan University, China · Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Towards Certificate-Driven Software Porting: A Self-Improving Agentic Harness for Scientific Program Optimization
Sep 28, 2026Piyush Jha, Aishik Ghosh, Vijay GaneshCode Translation GPU Kernel Optimization
School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA · School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
ORCA: Evaluating LLMs on Data Science Code Translation
Sep 25, 2026Xiaolong Li, Jinyang Li, Bowen Qin +5Code Translation LLM Evaluation
The University of Hong Kong · National University of Singapore · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
A Hybrid Dependency-Aware Framework for Task Decomposition and Dynamic Agent Generation in Oracle-to-PostgreSQL Migration
Sep 13, 2026Oleg Grynets, Oleg Kaskun, Alona Seletska +2Code Translation Task Decomposition
EPAM Systems McLean, Virginia, USA · EPAM Systems Lviv, Ukraine · EPAM Systems Kyiv, Ukraine
Beyond Vector Similarity: Hierarchical Context-Aware Graph RAG vs Standard RAG in Enterprise Code Migration
Sep 11, 2026Nilesh Jaiswal, Aniket Agrawal, Arjit Shukla +4Code Translation Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Google Cloud
Vectorizer: Vectorizing NumPy Programs with Shape-Guided Rewrite
Sep 8, 2026Jingqian Liu, Xiaoyu Liu, Yuepeng WangCode Translation
Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Identifying Latent Declarative Representations of Code for Assisting Repository Migration
Aug 22, 2026Shraddha Surana, Ashwin Srinivasan, Michael BainCode Translation Repository-Level Code Generation
Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Zuarinagar, 403726, Goa, India · School of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
Bootstrapping Niche Multilingual Code Translation via Reinforcement Learning with Execution-Based Verifiable Supervision
Aug 14, 2026Kouki Yuki, Jie Zeng, Kyoko Ogawa +6Code Translation RL for Code Generation
National Institute of Technology, Numazu College, Japan · Seikei University, Japan · Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan +4
Fine-Tuning Qwen3-27B for C-to-Rust Code Translation: A Three-Stage Curriculum of Pretraining, Debugging-Aware SFT, and Task-Specific SFT
Aug 13, 2026Pu Zhao, Changdi Yang, Yixiao Chen +4Code Translation Code Generation
Northeastern University · EmbodyX Inc · Aibao LLC
Static analysis-guided agentic AI translation enables Rust as a full stack bioinformatics language
Aug 13, 2026Johan HenrikssonCode Translation Bioinformatics
Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden · Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden · Integrated Science Lab (IceLab), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden +1
Entropy-based Code Adversarial Translation for Real-world Repository Migration
Aug 10, 2026Yushun Tang, Yisen Cao, Zhicheng Chen +4Code Translation Software Engineering Agents
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. · The Chinese University of Hong Kong
HLSmith: An Expert-Guided Agentic Framework for C/C++-to-HLS Translation
Aug 7, 2026Yuebo Luo, Ahmad Sedigh Baroughi, Philip Stachura +4Code Translation Large Language Model-Guided Optimization
University of Minnesota Twin Cities · Simon Fraser University · Argonne National Laboratory
BlockPython: A Process-Aware Agent-Supported Platform for the Transition from Block-Based to Python Programming
Aug 6, 2026Jesse Yusuf Chan, Haoming Wang, Mingwei Xu +1Code Translation Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Zexi Chen · School of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China · University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA +1
A Fortran General-Purpose Transpiler: Proof of Concept
Jul 31, 2026Shivamshan Sivanesan, Kazem ArdanehCode Translation Automatic Differentiation
1Climate Modeling Center, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IPSL, Paris, France
Agentic Method for Deterministic Validation of Legacy Code Migration
Jul 30, 2026Andras Ferenczi, Jordan Docherty, Mariya Bessonov +2Code Translation Automated Software Testing
American Express
Mostly Automatic Translation of Language Interpreters from C to Safe Rust
Jun 25, 2026Bo Wang, Brandon Paulsen, Joey Dodds +3Code Translation
National University of Singapore, Singapore · Amazon, USA
Bridging Functional Correctness and Runtime Efficiency Gaps in LLM-Based Code Translation
Jun 16, 2026Longhui Zhang, Jiahao Wang, Chenhao Hu +3Code Translation
1Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Agentic Framework for Deep Learning workload migration via In-Context Learning
Jun 14, 2026Qiyue Liang, Steven Ingram, George Vanica +4Code Translation Differential Testing
Google, Sunnyvale, CA · 2Google, Kirkland, WA · 1Google, Sunnyvale, CA +2
Structuring agentic AI for HPC code modernization
Jun 7, 2026Anthony Marinov, Igor SfiligoiCode Translation Software Engineering Agents
San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California, United States
Specification-Based Code-Text-Code Reengineering for LLM-Mediated Software Evolution
May 24, 2026Oleg Grynets, Vasyl Lyashkevych, Arsen Dolichnyi +3Software Engineering Code Translation
EPAM Systems McLean, Virginia, USA · EPAM Systems Lviv, Ukraine · EPAM Systems Kyiv, Ukraine
GRAIL: AI translation for scientists application workflow on satellite data
May 23, 2026Zhuocheng Shang, Ahmed EldawyCode Translation Scientific Code Generation
University of California, Riverside · Riverside, California
Verifiers in the Loop: Decoding Time Verification for Code Translation
May 17, 2026Tianyang Zhou, Somesh Jha, Mihai Christodorescu +2Code Translation Constrained Decoding
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · University of Wisconsin–Madison and Google · Google
Improving Code Translation with Syntax-Guided and Semantic-aware Preference Optimization
May 13, 2026Yuhan Wu, Huan Zhang, Wei Cheng +3Code Translation Direct Preference Optimization
State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China · National Institute of Healthcare Data Science, Nanjing University, China
Deterministic vs. LLM-Controlled Orchestration for COBOL-to-Python Modernization
May 11, 2026Naing Oo Lwin, Rajesh KumarLLM Inference Efficiency Software Engineering
Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA, USA
Cplus2ASP: Computing Action Language C+ in Answer Set Programming
May 10, 2026Joseph Babb, Joohyung LeeLogic Programming Code Translation
School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
LLM Translation of Compiler Intermediate Representation
May 7, 2026Andrea Valenzuela Ramirez, Cristian Gutierrez-Gomez, Marta Barroso +2Code Translation LLM Fine-Tuning
Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · Barcelona Supercomputing Center
Beyond BLEU: A Semantic Evaluation Method for Code Translation
May 6, 2026Julius Näumann, Sven Keidel, Amir Molzam Sharifloo +1Code Translation Code Generation Evaluation
∗TU Darmstadt · †Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence, Darmstadt, Germany · ‡National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE

Oct 25, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

CodeMeepo: A Multi-Agent Workflow for Repository-Level Code Migration and Optimization

Farzad Habibi, Changrong Wu, Jinzhou Jiang, Guohan Lu

University of California, Irvine · Microsoft · OpenAI

Code Translation Multi-Agent Coding LLM Agent Workflow Optimization

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Repository-level code migration rewrites an entire project in a new programming language while preserving its observable behavior. It is challenging because behavior spans interdependent modules, dependencies and build infrastructure must be adapted to the target ecosystem, and the source code is often the only specification. Large language model agents can now attempt these migrations end to end, but three challenges remain. First, an agent that writes both the translation and its acceptance tests may overlook the same requirements in both, leaving missing or incorrect behavior undetected. Second, large repositories can exceed a model's context window, and dividing the work into smaller tasks does not ensure that all required behavior is migrated. Third, even behaviorally correct translations may be slower than the original implementation. We present CodeMeepo, a multi-agent pipeline for complete and efficient migration of large repositories. Each milestone is evaluated against a fixed external oracle that the agents neither author nor modify. A separate parity assessment compares source and target components in scope and adds identified gaps back into the plan as required work. Ordered milestones limit the scope of each task, while cumulative regression checks guard against breaking already-migrated behavior. A benchmark-guided optimization phase addresses performance, followed by full-suite conformance testing and repair. Eight specialized agent roles communicate through file artifacts, and a deterministic state machine governs repair, deferral, scope changes, and termination. On nine subjects in three language pairs, CodeMeepo achieves the best pass rate on every subject and passes 18% more tests than a state-of-the-art multi-agent baseline using the same model. On a production daemon, its optimization phase improves half of the benchmarks, by 25% on average.