Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation

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2 papers in the last four weeks, against 1 the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

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Topology-Informed Prompt-Conditioned Universal Segmentation of Uterine Structures from Ultrasound and MRI
Oct 5, 2026Yongheng Sun, Yuexi Gu, Jingwen Sun +2Ultrasound Image Segmentation Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Radiology and BRIC, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Unified CT and MRI Pancreas Segmentation for Label-Efficient Cross-Modality Subregion Transfer
Sep 14, 2026Ziliang Hong, Hongyi Pan, Halil Ertugrul Aktas +7Domain-Adversarial Learning Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA · Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA · Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
When Fusion Fails: Corruption-Aware Rebalanced Fusion for Multi-Modal Medical Image Segmentation
Sep 9, 2026Yuchen Pei, Xiaoyu Hu, Yixiong Zou +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Multi-Source Image Fusion
Central China Normal University Wuhan, China · Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China · Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, China +2
LISynSeg: Data-Centric Label-to-Image Synthesis for Cross-Modality Whole-Heart Segmentation
Aug 31, 2026Jiacheng Wang, Ivana Isgum, Ipek OguzCross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Synthetic Data Augmentation
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA · Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
DistMedVL: Distributional Vision-Language Alignment for Uncertainty-Aware Medical Image Segmentation
Aug 6, 2026Jiaxuan Li, Qing Xu, Xiangjian He +4Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Medical VLMs
School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China · School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, UK
Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Uterine layer Segmentation: From Labeled Cine to Unlabeled Dynamic EPI MRI
Aug 4, 2026Smiti Tripathy, Milauni Desai, Jordina Aviles Verdera +1Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · CAIMED, L3S, Hannover, Germany · Institut für Informationsverarbeitung, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
CRIL-U-Net: Compact Ratio-Interaction Learning for Focal Cortical Dysplasia Segmentation from T1w and FLAIR MRI
Aug 4, 2026Soumen Ghosh, Amit Soni Arya, Tilottama Goswami +3Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Cross-Modal Representation Learning
Registration-Grounded Spectral Fusion for Unregistered WLI/NBI Endoscopic Lesion Segmentation
Jul 29, 2026Pengyu Jie, Wanquan Liu, Rui He +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Multi-Source Image Fusion
School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China · Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, P.R. China · School of Computer Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China +2
UnDA: Unpaired Domain Alignment for Cross-Modal Knowledge Transfer in Medical Imaging
Jul 23, 2026Rafsan Jany, Shadab Tanjeed Ahmad, Ahsan Bulbul +3Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation
Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea · Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh
ASTRA-Net: Anatomy-Specific Transfer and Representation Alignment for Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy Segmentation
Jul 23, 2026Suhua Sun, Yuqiao Wang, Sheng Liu +6Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Endoscopy
Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China · Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China · National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
ViPSAM: Visual Prompting Medical Image Segmentation Using Segment Anything Model
Jul 15, 2026San Lee, Nalee Kim, Jeong Il Yu +2Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Promptable Image Segmentation
Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea · Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea · Department of MetaBioHealth, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea
GLOW-FDG: Generalized cancer LesiOn Whole-body segmentation model for $^{18}$ F-FDG-PET/CT
Jul 4, 2026Maksym Fritsak, Maximilian Rokuss, Hubert S. Gabryś +10Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation PET/CT Imaging
Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland · Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland · Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany +4
PSP: Harnessing Position and Shape Priors for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation
Jun 27, 2026Bin Xu, Yazhou Zhu, Haofeng ZhangCross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Intracranial Aneurysm Classification and Segmentation via Tri-Axial ROI and Multi-Task Learning
Jun 25, 2026Pengcheng Shi, Kaiyuan Yang, Houjing Huang +6Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Multi-Task Learning
Medical Image Insights Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China · University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
C^2GR: Coupled Comprehensive Generative Replay for a Continually Learnable Universal Segmentation Model
Jun 22, 2026Wei Li, Jingyang Zhang, Guoan Wang +4Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Replay-Based Continual Learning
Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Southeast University · Stevens Institute of Technology +2
EnTrust: Modeling Inter-Modal Conflict for Trustworthy Multimodal Medical Image Analysis
Jun 19, 2026Dwarikanath Mahapatra, Abhijit Das, Behzad Bozorgtabar +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Fusion
Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE. · MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, UAE. · Aarhus University, Denmark. +5
Mutual Distillation of Dual-Foundation Models for Semi-Supervised PET/CT Segmentation
Jun 14, 2026Fuyou Mao, Beining Wu, Yanfeng Jiang +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Medical Imaging Foundation Models
Central South University, Changsha 410083, China · Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China · Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China +1
One Click per Cell Type Suffices: Training-free Group Interaction for Cell Instance Segmentation
May 28, 2026Sanghyun Jo, Seo Jin Lee, Seohyung Hong +4Interactive Medical Image Segmentation Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation
1OGQ, Korea · 2Seoul National University, Korea · 3LG CNS, Korea
An Open Multi-Center Whole-Body FDG PET/CT Foundation Model for Tumor Segmentation
May 20, 2026Xiaofeng Liu, Qianru Zhang, Thibault Marin +4Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Medical Imaging Foundation Models
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Benchmarking transferability of SSL pretraining to same and different modality segmentation tasks
May 18, 2026Jue Jiang, Harini VeeraraghavanCross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Self-Supervised Pre-Training
Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Speech-Guided Multimodal Learning for Vocal Tract Segmentation in Real-Time MRI
May 18, 2026Daiqi Liu, Lukas Mulzer, Md Hasan +11Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · Smart Imaging Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · Harvard Medical School / Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA +3
Rad-VLSM: A Cross-Modal Framework with Semantics-Assisted Prompting for Medical Segmentation and Diagnosis
May 18, 2026Fengyi Zhang, Xujie Zeng, Mohan Liu +2Ultrasound Image Segmentation Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation
Degradation-Aware Blur-Segmentation of Brain Tumor
May 15, 2026Yuchun Wang, Xiaosong Li, Gefei Liang +1Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation BraTS
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, China.
Geometry-aware Prototype Learning for Cross-domain Few-shot Medical Image Segmentation
May 11, 2026Feifan Song, Yuntian Bo, Haofeng ZhangCross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Image Segmentation
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
GenMed: A Pairwise Generative Reformulation of Medical Diagnostic Tasks
May 11, 2026Hantao Zhang, Weidong Guo, Yuhe Liu +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Diffusion Model Guidance
CVLab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland · Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Beihang University, Beijing, China +3
Cross-Source Supervision for Bone Infection Segmentation in Dual-Modality PET-CT
May 10, 2026Zonglin Yang, Xiaolei Diao, Jishizhan Chen +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation PET/CT Imaging
Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai, CN · University College London London, UK · Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai, CN +2
LARGO: Low-Rank Hypernetwork for Handling Missing Modalities
May 7, 2026Niels Vyncke, Pooya Ashtari, Aleksandra PižuricaMissing-Modality Learning Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
Tumor-aware augmentation with task-guided attention analysis improves rectal cancer segmentation from magnetic resonance images
May 6, 2026Aneesh Rangnekar, Joao Miranda, Natally Horvat +13Cross-Modal Learning Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA · Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA · Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA +2
One Sequence to Segment Them All: Efficient Data Augmentation for CT and MRI Cross-Domain 3D Spine Segmentation
May 4, 2026Nathan Molinier, Hendrik Möller, Thomas Dagonneau +6Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Data Augmentation
NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal · Mila – Quebec AI Institute · Department for Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, TUM UniversityMay Hospital +3
VitaminP: cross-modal learning enables whole-cell segmentation from routine histology
Apr 26, 2026Yasin Shokrollahi, Karina B. Pinao Gonzales, Elizve N. Barrientos Toro +5Cross-Modal Learning Computational Pathology
Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. · Institute for Data Science in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. · The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Oct 5, 2026, cs.CVJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Topology-Informed Prompt-Conditioned Universal Segmentation of Uterine Structures from Ultrasound and MRI

Yongheng Sun, Yuexi Gu, Jingwen Sun, Maureen Kohi+1

Department of Radiology and BRIC, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA

Ultrasound Image Segmentation Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Promptable Image Segmentation Topology-Preserving Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation

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Multi-structure segmentation of the uterus is important for computer-assisted screening, diagnosis, and treatment planning of uterine diseases, where ultrasound and MRI provide complementary clinical information. However, developing a unified model across these modalities is challenging due to their substantially different image appearances, anatomical contexts, spatial resolutions, and label spaces. Moreover, existing datasets often define different segmentation targets, making joint learning challenging and potentially leading to negative transfer across heterogeneous tasks. To this end, we propose a Topology-informed Prompt-conditioned Universal Segmentation (TPUS) framework for segmenting multiple uterine structures across ultrasound and MRI. TPUS introduces a graph-based multi-dataset backbone comprising modality-specific stems and a modality-shared graph-based encoder-decoder to support modality-sensitive input adaptation, structural feature reasoning, and joint representation learning across heterogeneous uterine segmentation tasks. In addition, TPUS uses task-aware class prompts to condition the segmentation process for different datasets and label spaces, a dynamic convolutional adaptation module to generate task-specific output responses, and a topology-informed loss to encourage anatomically consistent predictions. Experiments on a uterine ultrasound dataset and a T2-weighted uterine myoma MRI dataset demonstrate that TPUS achieves Dice scores of 0.898 and 0.693 on the two held-out test sets, respectively, outperforming several generic and universal segmentation baselines. Source code can be accessed at https://github.com/YonghengSun1997/TPUS.

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