Direction-of-Arrival Estimation

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Overview

Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation recovers the directions of one or more sources from signals recorded by microphones, radar, or other sensor arrays, supporting localization, tracking, and beamforming. Classical approaches include MUSIC and other subspace methods, beamforming, and time-difference-of-arrival techniques such as GCC-PHAT; structured matrix methods and continuous optimization address closely spaced or near-field sources. Learned CNNs, transformers, graph networks, and equivariant models are increasingly combined with signal-processing structure and physical constraints, with evaluation spanning simulated arrays, measured room responses, real recordings, and communications systems. A central challenge is maintaining accuracy under reverberation, noise, array mismatch, motion, and changing environments while meeting limits on data, uncertainty, and end-to-end latency.

Latest papers

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41 papers4 papers in the last four weeks, down 50% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Model-based learning for DoA estimation and array calibration via continuous sparse recovery

    Nov 6, 2026Baptiste Chatelier, José Miguel Mateos-Ramos, Vincent Corlay +5Direction-of-Arrival EstimationSparse Recovery

    IETR, INSA Rennes · INSA Rennes, CNRS, IETR-UMR 6164, Rennes, France · Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden +5

  2. Spectral-Convolutional Factorized Transformer for Joint Multipath Parameter Estimation: Applications to mmWave Positioning and Radio SLAM

    Nov 1, 2026Yaya Etiabi, Wessam Ajib, Halima ElbiazeDirection-of-Arrival EstimationWireless Localization

    Department of Computer Science, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada

  3. Comparative Evaluation of Deep-Learning based DoA Estimators for Real-Time ISAC Beamforming

    Oct 14, 2026Anjali K. S., Manoj Kumar Panda, Chandramani SinghDirection-of-Arrival EstimationIntegrated Sensing and Communication

    Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India · Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

  4. SonicWorld: Source-Centric Latent Dynamics for Spatial Audio Reasoning

    Oct 12, 2026Chenlong Wei, Hanling Wang, Mingjin Lou +6Spatial AudioSpatial Reasoning Benchmarks

    Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University · University of California, San Diego · Imperial College London +2

  5. CNN-Transformer with Sigmoid Label for High-Resolution Sub-Degree DOA Estimation

    Oct 9, 2026Lifeng Wang, Xintong Li, Aifei LiuDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    Academy of AI and Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Taicang 215400, China · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada

  6. SEA-LM: Egocentric Spatial Audio Understanding for Wearable Microphone Arrays

    Oct 4, 2026Sonal Kumar, Sinan Hersek, Artem Dementyev +6Direction-of-Arrival EstimationAudio-Language Models

    University of Maryland, College Park · Google · Google DeepMind

  7. Supervising Sound Localization by In-the-wild Egomotion

    Oct 1, 2026Anna Min, Ziyang Chen, Hang Zhao +1Audio-Visual UnderstandingDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    Tsinghua University · University of Michigan · Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute

  8. Multi-agent Auditory Scene Analysis: Improved Localization Speed and Robustness by Multi-beamformed Speech Quality Feedback

    Sep 30, 2026Caleb RasconMulti-Agent System OptimizationDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    Instituto de Investigaciones en Matematicas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Escolar 3000, Coyoacan, 03740, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

  9. SAIL: Spatial Audio Intelligence with Large Language Models via Disentangled Acoustic-Spatial Encoding and Dual-Stream Q-Former

    Sep 28, 2026Zhengding Luo, Jinyang Wu, Haozhe Ma +3Audio ReasoningDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Singapore Management University · Tencent Hy Frontier Lab, Singapore +2

  10. Wave-Robust Passive AUV Localization Using FP-MUSIC

    Sep 23, 2026Usama Saqib, Ola Rønning, Andrzej WąsowskiDirection-of-Arrival EstimationAutonomous Underwater Navigation

    Software Quality Research Group, IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark

  11. EquiSELD: Efficient training of equivariant sound event localization and detection networks

    Sep 19, 2026Goksenin Yuksel, Marcel van Gerven, Kiki van der HeijdenSound Event DetectionEquivariant Neural Networks

    Dept. of Machine Learning and Neural Computing, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands · Mortimer B. Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA

  12. Learning Array Signal Topologies as Conditional Neural Manifolds

    Sep 16, 2026Julian P. Merkofer, Vincent van de Schaft, Ruud J. G. van SlounDirection-of-Arrival EstimationManifold Learning

    Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands · University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

  13. Predictive audio representations for early detection and tracking of hidden dynamic objects

    Sep 11, 2026Katerina Vinciguerra, Moritz Brandes, Danilo Hollosi +1Autonomous Driving PerceptionDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy · Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Oldenburg, Germany

  14. Ultra Low-Power, Lightweight, Probabilistic RSS-Based Path Reconstruction: A System for Landscape-Scale Bee Tracking

    Aug 27, 2026Christopher J. Noroozi, Joseph L. Woodgate, Michael Mangan +1Wireless LocalizationDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    School of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

  15. Distributed Acoustic Localization Array Deployed Using a Soft Everting Vine Robot

    Jul 22, 2026Sebastian Lorca Godoy, Ciera McFarland, Michael Val +3Direction-of-Arrival EstimationRobotics

    Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. · Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, 8320165 Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile. · Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.

  16. ForestIR: Physics-Informed Forest Sound Simulation for Array-Based Bioacoustic Remote Sensing

    Jul 7, 2026Xin Shen, Jennifer N. Kampe, Changwoo J. Lee +7Direction-of-Arrival EstimationBioacoustics

    Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA · Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland · Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland +2

  17. The S-ICDF Dataset: Sionna-Simulated Dynamic Interference Characterization and Direction Finding

    Jul 3, 2026Christian Wielenberg, Lucas Heublein, Jonathan Ott +8Synthetic Data GenerationDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany

  18. SelectTSL: Prompt-Guided Selective Target Sound Localization in Complex Scenarios

    Jul 2, 2026Ziyang Jiang, Yu Chen, Zexu Pan +5Direction-of-Arrival EstimationSpatial Audio

    Ziyang Jiang, Student Member, IEEE, Yu Chen, Zexu Pan, Member, IEEE, Xinyuan Qian, Senior Member, IEEE, Bowen Xing, Ivor W. Tsang, Fellow, IEEE, Xu-Cheng Yin, Senior Member, IEEE, Haizhou Li, Fellow, IEEE

  19. Von Mises Based Uncertainty Quantification for Closely Spaced Automotive Radar Targets

    Jun 30, 2026Vinay Kulkarni, V. V. ReddyEvidential Deep LearningUncertainty Quantification

    International Institute of Information Technology, Bengaluru, India

  20. EchoHawk: A Reproducible Acoustic Pipeline for Drone Detection, Classification, and Direction-Finding, with a Cautionary Study of Session-Level Data Leakage

    Jun 28, 2026David ShulmanData LeakageDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

  21. From General-Purpose Audio Tagging to Spatially Grounded Sound Event Localization and Detection

    Jun 26, 2026Stefano Giacomelli, Stefano Damiano, Claudia Rinaldi +2Audio Representation LearningDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    DISIM Department, University of L’Aquila, Italy · ESAT Department, KU Leuven, Belgium · CNIT, Research Unit of L’Aquila, Italy +1

  22. Physics-Informed Domain-Invariant Feature Learning with Autoencoder-Driven Gaussian Clustering for Robust Non-line-of-Sight Scenarios

    Jun 21, 2026Nisha L. Raichur, Lucas Heublein, Dominik Seuß +2Direction-of-Arrival EstimationPhysics-Informed ML

    Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany · Center for Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany

  23. What Do Neural Networks Learn for TDOA Estimation? A Cross-Architecture Probing Study

    Jun 20, 2026Yaozhong Kang, Jiang Wang, Runwu Shi +3Direction-of-Arrival EstimationNeural Network Interpretability

    Department of Systems and Control Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Japan

  24. NeuralMUSIC: A Hybrid Neural-Subspace Framework for Robot Sound Source Localization

    Jun 17, 2026Yizhuo Yang, Junqiao Fan, Shenghai Yuan +1Direction-of-Arrival Estimation

    School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University. Address: 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 · NTU–VinUni Joint Research Laboratory for Embodied AI and Robotics, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 and VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam

  25. Spectro-Temporal Interference Confounds Phase Encoding in Spatial Audio Foundation Models

    Jun 12, 2026Yuxuan Chen, Haoyuan Yu, Peize HeAudio Representation LearningDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Jilin University · Hunan University +1

  26. BiEAR: A Human Auditory-Inspired Adaptive Binaural Front-end for Multi-Speaker Localisation and Distance Estimation

    Jun 5, 2026Hanyu Meng, Eliathamby Ambikairajah, Vidhyasaharan Sethu +2Adaptive InferenceDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia · Tongyi Speech Lab, Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China

  27. Neutrino Fingerprints: Image-Based Encodings of IceCube Events for CNN Direction Reconstruction

    Jun 1, 2026Floriano Tori, Brecht Verbeken, Vincent GinisDirection-of-Arrival EstimationHigh-Energy Physics

    Data Analytics Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 5, 1050 Brussels, Belgium · imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 9, 1050 Brussels, Belgium · School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

  28. Localizing broadband noise sources using the Loève spectrum and a 2.5D approach

    Jun 1, 2026Christian H. Kasess, Wolfgang Kreuzer, Holger WaubkeMicrophone Array ProcessingDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dominikanerbastei 16, Vienna, A-1010, Austria

  29. Super-resolution Multi-signal Direction-of-Arrival Estimation by Hankel-structured Sensing and Decomposition

    Apr 29, 2026Georgios I. Orfanidis, Dimitris A. Pados, George Sklivanitis +1Direction-of-Arrival Estimation

    Center for Connected Autonomy and AI and the Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA · Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RI, Rome, NY 13441 USA

  30. Hankel and Toeplitz Rank-1 Decomposition of Arbitrary Matrices with Applications to Signal Direction-of-Arrival Estimation

    Apr 29, 2026Georgios I. OrfanidisLow-Rank Matrix DecompositionDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

    Center for Connected Autonomy and AI and the Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA